A nephroblastoma is a malignant tumor (cancer) of the kidney that occurs primarily in children. It is almost always seen in children under 7 years old, with those aged 3 to 4 affected most often. Only one kidney is affected in most cases. The cause of this type of childhood cancer is unknown, although there may be inherited factors that increase risk. Risk is also increased if there are congenital abnormalities (birth defects).

Symptoms may include:

• Swollen or enlarged abdomen
• Frequently, a large, firm mass felt in the abdomen
• Abdominal pain
• Fever
• Vomiting
• Bloody or cloudy urine
• Elevated blood pressure
• Weight loss

WHAT YOUR DOCTOR CAN DO:

• Diagnose Wilms' Tumor by asking about symptoms, doing a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests and x-rays.
• Arrange for ultrasound or x-ray imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Treatment includes:

• Surgery to remove the affected kidney
• Radiation therapy
• Anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapy).
• Medications may be prescribed including oral chemotherapy, medication to treat nausea, pain relievers, and antibiotics to prevent infection.

WHAT YOU CAN DO:

• For further information, contact: American Cancer Society toll-free at: 1-800-ACS-2345.

WHAT YOU CAN EXPECT:

• Early detection and treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy results in cure for most children.
• Complications include kidney failure and spread or growth to other areas including the lungs, bones, liver, and brain.
• Medications and radiation may cause side effects, including hair loss, nausea, and vomiting.

CALL 1061 OR SEEK IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE If you notice abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, shortness of breath, or swelling of feet or ankles during treatment..