Retinopati diabetik

Diabetic retinopathy affects the majority of people who have lived with type 1 and type 2 diabetes for more than 20 years. This eye condition stands as the primary cause of blindness in adults between 20 and 64 years old. Many people don't even know it exists. 

Gula darah tinggi damages the retina's tiny blood vessels, leading to diabetic retinopathy. These vessels weaken, leak fluid, or grow abnormally as time passes. Your risk grows higher the longer you live with kencing manis, especially when you have poorly managed blood sugar levels. 

Understanding different stages, treatments, and early warning signals is a vital part of managing diabetes. People with diabetes face a 2 to 5 times higher risk of developing cataracts and their risk of open-angle glaucoma nearly doubles. Regular eye examinations and proper care can prevent many cases of vision loss. This condition ended up causing complete vision loss if left untreated.

Apakah Retinopati Diabetik?

Diabetic retinopathy ranks as the most common ocular fundus disease that affects diabetic patients. This eye condition damages the retina's blood vessels located at the back of the eye where light-sensitive tissue exists.

Two main types of diabetic retinopathy exist. The more common form, Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), weakens blood vessel walls and creates tiny bulges that leak fluid and blood into the retina. The advanced stage, Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), develops after damaged blood vessels close off and trigger the growth of new, fragile vessels that bleed easily.

Gejala Retinopati Diabetik

People might not notice symptoms of diabetic retinopathy at the time it begins. The condition progresses with these signs:

• Penglihatan kabur
• Dark floating spots or lines (floaters)
• Poor vision in dim light
• Changes in colour vision
• Vision gaps

Causes of Diabetic Retinopathy

High blood sugar levels damage retinal blood vessels gradually. Blood vessels start leaking fluid or bleeding, which reduces the retina's blood supply. The eye responds by growing new, abnormal blood vessels that fail to work properly.

Faktor-faktor risiko

These factors raise the risk of developing the condition:

• Diabetes duration - risk increases with time
• Poor management of blood glucose, pressure, and tahap kolesterol
• African American, Hispanic/Latino, or Native American heritage
• Tabiat merokok
• Mengandung

Complications of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy can lead to severe complications without proper treatment:

• Diabetic macular oedema 
• Vitreous haemorrhage occurs when bleeding enters the eye's clear jelly filling
• Retinal detachment happens as scar tissue pulls the retina from the eye wall
• Neovascular glaucoma develops when irregular vessels block fluid drainage

Diagnosis Retinopati Diabetik

Regular eye checkups play a vital role in catching diabetic retinopathy early. 

An pakar mata or optometrist typically spots this condition through a dilated eye exam. Your doctor might also recommend these tests:

• Visual acuity tests to check your focusing ability
• Ophthalmoscopy to look at the back of your eyes 
• Tonometry to check eye pressure
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect retinal fluid

Rawatan Retinopati Diabetes

Doctors can choose from several proven treatments:

• Anti-VEGF injections to stop abnormal blood vessels from growing
• Laser therapy to reduce irregular blood vessels
• Vitrectomy surgery to clear blood or scar tissue
• Corticosteroid implants to bring down swelling

Bilakah saya perlu berjumpa doktor

You need immediate medical help if you notice:

• Perubahan mendadak dalam penglihatan
• Blurry or spotty vision
• Problems seeing in dim light

pencegahan

While you can't always prevent this condition, these steps can lower your risk:

• Keep your blood glucose within target ranges
• Watch your blood pressure and cholesterol
• Do at least 150 minutes of exercise weekly
• Show up for regular eye screenings
• Berhenti merokok to reduce complications

Diabetic retinopathy progresses in stages, and early treatment gives you the best chance to protect your vision.

Kesimpulan

Living with diabetes demands extra alertness about eye health. Diabetic retinopathy develops without warning signs, so you need regular eye check-ups to manage diabetes effectively. Quick detection can make all the difference between keeping your vision and losing your sight.

The risk increases by a lot as you spend more years with diabetes especially when you have uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients face this condition, but good management can slow down its progress.

Modern medicine offers several treatment options from specialised injections to laser procedures. These treatments work best with early detection, which makes routine screenings crucial. Each eye exam serves as an investment in your future sight.

Diabetic retinopathy might worry you, but understanding enables you to take charge. People who know their condition well and stick to their care plan usually keep good vision throughout life. Your eyes need this care—they connect you to everything and everyone you cherish.

Soalan Lazim

1. What are the four stages of diabetic retinopathy?

The condition progresses through four stages from mild to severe:

• Mild Nonproliferative: Tiny swellings (microaneurysms) show up in retinal blood vessels
• Moderate Nonproliferative: Blood vessels become more swollen and block normal blood flow
• Severe Nonproliferative: Blood vessels get blocked in larger areas, which signals the start of new vessel growth
• Proliferative: New fragile blood vessels develop and cause bleeding and scar tissue

2. How quickly does diabetic retinopathy progress?

Each person's progression rate differs significantly. Patients with moderate NPDR take about 2 years to reach severe stages. Sometimes, this condition advances to proliferative stages in severe NPDR cases within 5 years. 

3. What are two symptoms of early stage diabetic retinopathy?

Early diabetic retinopathy usually shows no symptoms. Some patients notice these changes:

• Vision becomes slightly blurry and changes throughout the day
• Reading street signs and other distant objects becomes harder

4. At what age does diabetic retinopathy start?

Type 1 diabetes patients typically develop retinopathy between ages 5-14. Taipkan diabetes 2 patients see it later, usually between ages 40-60. The time you have had diabetes matters more than your age. After 20 years, almost all Type 1 patients and half of Type 2 patients show signs of retinopathy.

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