Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism, xaalad saameeya qanjidhada parathyroid, waxay keeni kartaa calaamado badan oo laga yaabo in aan la ogaan muddo sanado ah. Ciladdani waxay dhacdaa marka qanjidhadani ay soo saaraan hoormoonka parathyroid oo aad u badan, taasoo keenta isku dheelitir la'aanta heerarka calcium ee jirka oo dhan. Fahamka hyperparathyroidism ayaa muhiim u ah ogaanshaha hore iyo istaraatiijiyad daaweyn oo waxtar leh. Blog-gani wuxuu sharxi doonaa noocyada kala duwan ee hyperparathyroidism, sababaha suurtagalka ah, iyo arrimaha khatarta ah ee la xidhiidha xaaladdan. 

Waa maxay Hyperparathyroidism? 

Hyperparathyroidism waxay dhacdaa marka hal ama in ka badan qanjidhada parathyroid ee qoorteena ay soo saaraan hormoonka parathyroid (PTH). Qanjidhadan yaryar, oo qiyaastii le'eg xajmi bariis ah, ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara ilaalinta dheelitirka calcium ee jidhka. Waxay nidaamiyaan heerarka kaalshiyamka ee dhiigga, lafaha, iyo unugyada kale iyagoo qarsoodiaya PTH. 

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka qanjidhada parathyroid ay noqdaan kuwo aad u firfircoon, waxay sii daayaan PTH xad-dhaaf ah. Tani waxay keenaysaa dheeli tirnaan la'aanta heerarka kalsiyumka, oo badanaa keenta hypercalcemia (kaalshiyamka dhiigga oo sarreeya), taasoo keenta lafaha daciifka ah iyo calaamadaha kale ee nidaamka. 

Noocyada Hyperparathyroidism 

Hyperparathyroidism waxay leedahay saddex nooc oo asaasiga ah, mid kasta oo leh sababo kala duwan. 

• Hyperparathyroidism Primary: Waxay soo baxdaa marka hal ama in ka badan qanjidhada parathyroid ay koraan aad u weyn, oo sii daaya PTH xad dhaaf ah. Tani waxay keenaysaa koror heerarka calcium Dhiiga ku jira sababtoo ah wax soo saarka calcitriol oo kordhay iyo kalsiyumka oo laga sii daayo lafaha. 
• Hyperparathyroidism Secondary: Hyperparathyroidism-ka labaad waxa uu soo baxaa marka heerka calcium ama vitamin D ee dhiiga ku yar uu keeno qanjidhada parathyroid si ay u soo saaraan PTH badan si ay uga hortagaan yaraanta. Tani waxay badanaa ku dhacdaa dadka qaba cudurka chronic kelyaha. 
• Saddexaad Hyperparathyroidism: Noocan hyperparathyroidism wuxuu ka yimaadaa hyperparathyroidism sare oo aan ka jawaabin daaweynta. Xaaladdan oo kale, dhammaan afarta qanjidhada parathyroid way koraan oo si joogto ah u soo saaraan PTH, iyada oo aan loo eegin baahida jidhka. Tani waxay sababtaa heerar sare oo kalsiyum ah sababtoo ah si xad dhaaf ah oo laga sii daayo lafaha. 

Calaamadaha iyo calaamadaha hyperparathyroidism 

Hyperparathyroidism waxay u saameysaa shakhsiyaadka si kala duwan, iyadoo qaar ay la kulmaan calaamado khafiif ah ama aan lahayn calaamado halka kuwa kale ay la kulmaan arrimo badan. Darnaanta calaamadaha mar walba kuma xirna heerarka calcium ee dhiigga. Dadka qaar ee leh heerka sare ee kaalshiyamku waxay yeelan karaan calaamado la arki karo, halka kuwa kale ee leh heerar sare laga yaabo inay la kulmaan calaamado yar ama haba yaraatee. 

Kuwa soo socda waa qaar ka mid ah calaamadaha caadiga ah ee hyperparathyroidism: 

• Daal dareemid 
• Burbur 
• Kaadida inta badan 
• Dareenka ayaa isbeddela, sida walaaca, niyad-jabka, ama xanaaqa 
• Murqaha daciifka 
• Calool 
• Calool xanuun 
• Luminta feejignaanta iyo jaahwareerka fudud 
• Cudurro soo noqnoqda oo aan sabab muuqata lahayn. 

Hyperparathyroidism aasaasiga ah waxay u horseedi kartaa calaamado aad u daran, sida: 

• Lafo daciif ah oo si fudud u jaba ( lafo-jileec) 
• Dhagaxyada kelyaha 
• Kaadi xad dhaaf ah 
• Lalabbo iyo matag 
• Cunto xumo 

Sababaha hyperparathyroidism 

Hyperparathyroidism waxay leedahay sababo kala duwan, iyadoo ku xiran nooca. 

• Hyperparathyroidism aasaasiga ah ayaa badanaa ka dhasha buro aan fiicneyn oo loo yaqaan adenoma mid ka mid ah qanjidhada parathyroid. Koritaankani wuxuu kiciyaa qanjirka si uu u soo saaro hormoonka parathyroid-ka ee xad-dhaafka ah (PTH). Xaaladaha qaarkood, balaadhinta (hyperplasia) ee laba ama ka badan qanjidhada waxay keentaa wax soo saarka xad dhaafka ah ee PTH. Marar dhif ah, kansarka parathyroid wuxuu keeni karaa hyperparathyroidism aasaasiga ah. 
• Hyperparathyroidism-ka sare wuxuu caadi ahaan u kobcaa xaaladaha hoose awgeed. Cudurka kelyaha ee daba-dheeraada ayaa ah sababta ugu weyn, maadaama ay saamayso dheef-shiid kiimikaadka fitamiin D-ga iyo heerarka kaalshiyamka. Calcium-yarida daran ee kaalshiyamka ama fitamiin D-ga ayaa sidoo kale kicin kara hyperparathyroidism-ka labaad. Qanjirrada parathyroid-ku waxay soo saaraan PTH badan si ay u ilaaliyaan dheelitirka calcium ugu fiican xaaladahan. 
• Saddexaad hyperparathyroidism waxay dhacdaa marka hyperparathyroidism-ka sare ee muddada dheer uu keeno qanjidhada inay noqdaan kuwo si joogto ah u firfircoon, iyada oo aan loo eegin baahida calcium ee jirka. 

Waxyaabaha Halista ah 

Waxyaabo badan ayaa ka dhigi kara shakhsi u nugul horumarinta hyperparathyroidism, oo ay ku jiraan: 

• Dumarka, gaar ahaan kuwa soo maray menopause 
• Da'da shakhsiyaadka ka weyn 60 
• Dheeraad ah, kalsiyum daran ama fitamiin D-yarida 
• Cayil iyo dhaqdhaqaaq jireed 
• Daweynta shucaaca kansarka qoorta 
• Isticmaalka muddada dheer ee daawooyinka gaarka ah, oo ay ku jiraan lithium xanuunka laba-cirifoodka iyo furosemide 
• Qodobbada hidde-sideyaasha, sida xanuunnada la iska dhaxlo ee naadirka ah sida kuwa badan ee neoplasia nooca 1 

Dhibaatooyinka hyperparathyroidism 

Hyperparathyroidism waxay keeni kartaa dhowr arrimood oo caafimaad oo halis ah. Saamaynta muddada dheer ee kalsiyumka xad-dhaafka ah ee dhiigga iyo kalsiyum la'aanta lafaha ayaa keena dhibaatooyinka ugu badan, sida: 

• osteoporosis (lafo daciif ah oo jilicsan oo si fudud u jaba) badanaa waxay ka dhashaan luminta calcium ee lafaha. 
• Dhagaxyada kelyaha ayaa laga yaabaa inay sameeyaan sababtoo ah heerarka calcium ee sarreeya ee kaadida, taasoo keenta xanuun daran marka ay sii maraan marinka kaadida. 
• Dhibaatooyinka wadnaha, sida cadaadiska dhiigga oo sarreeya iyo noocyada cudurrada wadnaha qaarkood, ayaa lala xiriiriyay heerarka calcium ee sarreeya, inkastoo xiriirka saxda ah uusan weli caddayn. 
• Dumarka uurka leh ee qaba hyperparathyroidism daran, dhallaanka cusub waxaa laga yaabaa inay yeeshaan heerar calcium hooseeya oo khatar ah, xaalad loo yaqaan hypoparathyroidism cusub. 
• Intaa waxaa dheer, kobcinta kalsiyumku waxay keeni kartaa nabar maqaarka ah iyo caabuqyada waxayna suurtogal tahay inay gacan ka geystaan ​​​​wadnaha iyo istaroogga. 

Ogaanshaha cudurka hyperparathyroidism 

Si loo ogaado hyperparathyroidism, dhakhaatiirtu waxay samayn karaan tallaabooyinka ogaanshaha ee soo socda: 

• Tijaabada Dhiiga: Si loo cabbiro heerarka Calcium iyo PTH ee dhiigga 
• Tijaabada Cufnaanta Macdanta Lafaha: Si loo eego haddii aad ku dhacday lafo-beelka, Tijaabada ugu badan ee la sameeyo si loo cabbiro cufnaanta macdanta lafaha waa laba-tamar raajada absorptiometry (DEXA). 
• Falanqaynta Kaadida 24-saac: Waxay cabbirtaa sida wanaagsan ee kelyuhu u shaqeeyaan iyo inta kaalshiyamka ah ee ku jirta kaadida. 
• Tijaabada Sawirka: Dhakhaatiirtu waxay samayn karaan ultrasound, sestamibi scans, ama CT scans si ay u helaan qanjidhada parathyroid-ka ee firfircoon ama burooyinka parathyroid-ka. 

Daaweynta Hyperparathyroidism 

Ikhtiyaarada daawaynta ee hyperparathyroidism waxay ku xidhan yihiin nooca iyo darnaanta xaalada. 

• Faragelinta Qalliinka: Qalliinku waa daawaynta ugu caansan uguna waxtarka badan ee hyperparathyroidism aasaasiga ah, oo bixisa daawo xaaladaha badankooda. Dhakhtarka qaliinka ayaa ka saaraya oo kaliya qanjidhada waaweyn ama burooyinka, isaga oo ka tagaya qayb ka mid ah unugyada parathyroid oo shaqeynaya. 
• Korjoogteynta: Maaraynta caafimaadku waa beddelka kuwa aan qallin karin. Tan waxaa ka mid ah sugitaanka feejignaanta iyadoo si joogto ah loola socdo heerarka calcium iyo cufnaanta lafaha. 
• Daawaynta Caafimaadka ee Hyperparathyroidism: Daawooyinka sida calcimimetics waxay kaa caawin karaan maareynta calaamadaha iyagoo yareynaya soosaarka hoormoonka parathyroid. Daaweynta beddelka hoormoonka ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka faa'iideysato haweenka postmenopausal ee qaba lafo-jileeca, halka bisphosphonates ay ka hortagi karto luminta calcium ee lafaha. 
• Faytamiin D: Marka labaad ee hyperparathyroidism, daaweyntu waxay diiradda saartaa xakamaynta xaaladaha hoose waxaana laga yaabaa inay ku lug yeelato fitamiin D-ga iyo daawooyinka si loo dheellitiro heerarka calcium iyo fosfooraska. 

Goorta La Arko Dhakhtar 

Haddii aad isku aragto calaamadaha hyperparathyroidism ama aad leedahay heerarka calcium ee dhiigga, waa muhiim inaad la tashato dhakhtar. Waxa laga yaabaa inay kugula taliyaan baadhitaanno dheeraad ah, sida kaadi ururin 24-saac ah, si loo go'aamiyo sababta. Kuwa qaba xaalado caafimaad oo kale oo kordhiya khatarta hyperparathyroidism, kala xaajoodka calaamadaha suurtagalka ah ee dhakhtarka waa lagama maarmaan. 

Ka Hortagga 

Iyadoo hyperparathyroidism aasaasiga ah aan si buuxda looga hortagi karin, tallaabooyin gaar ah ayaa si wax ku ool ah u maareyn kara xaaladda waxayna yareyn karaan khatarta dhibaatooyinka, oo ay ku jiraan: 

• Shakhsiyaadka waa in ay la socdaan qaadashada kalsiyumka iyo fitamiin D-ga, iyaga oo ujeedadoodu tahay qiyaasta maalinlaha ah ee lagu taliyey. 
• Ku-joogista fuuq-baxa adigoo cabba qadar biyo ah waxay kaa caawinaysaa yaraynta khatarta dhagxaan kelyaha. 
• Jimicsiga joogtada ah, gaar ahaan tababarka xoogga, wuxuu ilaaliyaa lafaha xooggan. 
• Joojinta sigaar cabista waa muhiim, maadaama ay kordhin karto luminta lafaha. 

Ugu Dambeyn 

Hyperparathyroidism wuxuu si weyn u saameeyaa caafimaadka guud, wuxuu saameeyaa heerarka calcium ee jirka oo dhan. Iyadoo inta badan la iska indho tiro, xaaladani waxay u horseedi kartaa dhibaatooyin badan haddii aan la daweyn. Fahamka noocyadeeda, astaamihiisa, iyo sababaha ayaa muhiim u ah in la ogaado calaamadaha hore oo loo raadsado daryeel caafimaad oo ku habboon. Ikhtiyaarada daawaynta, oo u dhaxaysa qaliinka iyo daawaynta, waxay bixiyaan rajo lagu maareeyo xanuunkan si wax ku ool ah. 

FAQ ee 

1. Waa maxay sababta ugu weyn ee hyperparathyroidism? 

Sababta ugu weyn ee hyperparathyroidism aasaasiga ah ayaa badanaa ah barar ama buro aan fiicneyn (adenoma) oo ku jirta hal ama in ka badan qanjidhada parathyroid. Tani waxay keenaysaa soo-saarka hormoonka parathyroid-ka ee xad-dhaafka ah. Hyperparathyroidism-ka sare wuxuu inta badan ka dhashaa cudur kelyaha daba-dheeraada, kaas oo saameeya dheef-shiid kiimikaadka fitamiin D-ga iyo heerarka calcium. 

2. Waa maxay faraqa u dhexeeya hyperthyroidism iyo hyperparathyroidism? 

Hyperparathyroidism waxay ku lug leedahay heerarka calcium ee dhiigga oo sarreeya sababtoo ah qanjidhada parathyroid-ka ee firfircoon, halka hyperthyroidism uu keeno hormoonnada tayroodh oo sarreeya, oo dardargeliya hawlaha jidhka. 

3. Sideen u yarayn karaa hyperparathyroidism? 

Si loo maareeyo hyperparathyroidism, ilaali fuuq-celinta saxda ah oo hubi qaadashada fitamiin D ku filan. Kiisaska fudud, takhaatiirtu waxa laga yaabaa inay kugula taliyaan sugitaanka feejignaan iyo kormeer joogto ah. Ikhtiyaarada daawaynta waxaa ka mid ah qalliin si looga saaro qanjidhada ay saameeyeen, dawooyinka lagu dhimo wax soo saarka hoormoonka parathyroid iyo daawaynta beddelka hoormoonka haweenka postmenopausal ee qaba lafo-beelka. 

4. Yaa khatarta ugu weyn ugu jira hyperparathyroidism? 

Haweenka, gaar ahaan kuwa soo maray dayska, waxay la kulmaan khatar sare oo ah hyperparathyroidism. Waxyaalaha kale ee khatarta ah waxaa ka mid ah da'da ka weyn 60, kalsiyum ama fitamiin D-yarida daran ee daba dheeraatay, buurnaanta, iyo xanuunada hidda-socodka qaarkood. Shakhsiyaadka qaatay daawaynta shucaaca ee kansarka qoorta ama isticmaalka muddada dheer ee lithium xanuunka laba-cirifoodka ayaa sidoo kale halis dheeraad ah ugu jira. 

5. Miyaan iska ilaaliyaa kalsiyumka hyperparathyroidism? 

Si ka soo horjeeda waxa la filan karo, xaddidida qaadashada calcium laguma talinayo dadka qaba hyperparathyroidism. Dadka qaangaarka ah ee da'doodu u dhaxayso 19-50 iyo ragga 51-70 waa inay higsanaadaan 1,000 mg oo calcium ah maalin kasta, halka dumarka ka weyn 51 iyo ragga ka weyn 71 ay u baahan yihiin 1,200 mg. 

6. Waa maxay qiyaasta caadiga ah ee hyperparathyroidism? 

Hormoonka parathyroid-ka caadiga ah (PTH) waa 10 ilaa 55 picogram halkii millilitir (pg/mL). 

Dr. Sandeep Kharkar

MBBS, MD (Int Med), PGCC (Rheumatology)
Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, Nagpur

Si aad ballan u qabsato, wac:

+ 91 40-68106529

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