Ukukhulelwa Okunobungozi obukhulu - i-Placenta Previa

Iyini i-Placenta Previa?

I-Placenta previa yisimo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho i-placenta engaphakathi esibelethweni sowesifazane ivala ingxenye noma ngokuphelele yomlomo wesibeletho, okuyindawo lapho isibeletho sivuleka khona.

I-placenta ikhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuphela futhi inikeza umsoco nomoya-mpilo kumntwana okhulayo. Ngokuvamile, i-placenta iqala ukwakheka kusukela engxenyeni engenhla yesibeletho noma noma yiziphi izinhlangothi zodonga lwangaphakathi lwesibeletho.

Lapho i-placenta yakheka endaweni enjalo esibelethweni ebangela ukuthi ezinye izicubu ze-placenta zivimbe umlomo wesibeletho, lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi i-placenta previa. Izinkinga ze-Placenta previa zingabangela ukopha esithweni sangasese ngesikhathi inkambo yokukhulelwa noma ngaphambi nangemva kokubeletha.

Izinhlobo ze-Placenta Previa

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-placenta previa ngokusekelwe endaweni ye-placenta maqondana nomlomo wesibeletho:

• Gcwalisa i-Placenta Previa: I-placenta ivala umlomo wesibeletho ngokuphelele.
• Ingxenye ye-Placenta Previa: Ingxenye ye-placenta ivala umlomo wesibeletho.
• I-Marginal Placenta Previa: Unqenqema lwe-placenta luseduze nomlomo wesibeletho kodwa aluwumbozi ngokuphelele.

Uhlobo lwe-placenta previa lunquma izinga lengozi kanye nendlela yokuphatha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha

Izimpawu Nezimpawu ze-Placenta Previa

I-Placenta previa ingabonakala lapho sekudlule amasonto angamashumi amabili okukhulelwa uma ukopha okubomvu esithweni sangasese kubonakala. Kungase kube buhlungu noma kungabi buhlungu. Ukopha kungase kuhambisane nokufinyela kwangaphambi kokubeletha ngaphakathi kwesibeletho okungase kubangele ubuhlungu.

Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile ze-placenta previa zingaziwa, uma kwenzeka wopha esithweni sangasese phakathi nenyanga yesithathu, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze usize ukuxilonga, ukulawula, nokwelapha ukopha nezinye izimpawu ze-placenta previa ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izinkinga.

Ubani Osengcupheni Yokuthola I-Placenta Previa?

I-Placenta previa ingaba yinto evamile kulabo besifazane ababenayo

• Wazalwa ngaphambilini
• Ubelethe umntwana ngokuhlinzwa ngaphambilini
• Izibazi ngenxa yokuhlinzwa zavela esibelethweni sabo
• I-Placenta previa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwangaphambili

Abesifazane nabo bangathinteka yi-Placenta Previa uma be/ be:

• Ukhulelwe ngemva kokufakelwa kweqanda elivundisiwe ngenqubo ye-Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART);
• Ukhulelwe one-foetus emibili noma ngaphezulu;
• Umdala kuneminyaka engama-35 ubudala.

Abesifazane ababhemayo noma abasebenzisa izidakamizwa nabo bangase babe i-placenta previa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Izinkinga ezivela ku-Placenta Previa

Uma i-placenta previa itholwa, isiguli singase siqashwe esibhedlela esingcono kakhulu sokukhulelwa e-Hyderabad ngezimpawu zanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihambisanayo ezingase ziphakame. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• ukopha: Ukopha okusongela ukuphila kungenzeka kwabesifazane abane-placenta previa futhi kungabangela ukopha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha. Ukopha kungenzeka futhi emahoreni ambalwa okuqala ngemva nje kokubeletha.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi: Ukopha kakhulu kungase kuholele ekubelethweni kokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• I-Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Isimo lapho i-placenta yowesifazane ikhula idlule noma isikhathi esithile ingene odongeni lwesibeletho ngesikhathi sokukhula kokukhulelwa. Lesi simo singase sihambisane nokuphuma kwegazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ukukhulelwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Placenta Previa

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga ukuze kutholwe i-placenta previa kubandakanya ukwenza i-ultrasound, kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile noma ngesikhathi sokopha esithweni sangasese.

Ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile senkinga yangempela, i-ultrasound ye-transvaginal ingase yenziwe udokotela wezifo zabesifazane oqeqeshiwe.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-placenta previa?

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzosebenzisa ama-ultrasounds ukuze ahlole i-placenta previa ngokuhlola ingaphakathi lesimiso sokuzala sowesifazane.

• I-Vaginal Ultrasound (i-Transvaginal Ultrasound): Kule nqubo, umhlinzeki wakho ufaka idivayisi efana ne-wand (transducer) esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ukuze ahlole ukuma kwengane yakho, i-placenta, kanye nomlomo wakho wesibeletho.
• I-Abdominal Ultrasound: Ngale ndlela, umhlinzeki wakho ugcoba ijeli esiswini sakho bese ehambisa idivayisi ephathwa ngesandla (i-transducer) phezu kwesisu sakho. Lokhu kusiza futhi ukubona ngeso lengqondo ukuma kwengane yakho, i-placenta, kanye nomlomo wesibeletho sakho.

Zombili izinhlobo ze-ultrasound zibonisa izithombe kumonitha, okuvumela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kokukhulelwa ukuthi anqume ukuthi ungakanani umlomo wakho wesibeletho ombozwe yi-placenta futhi uncoma ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Placenta Previa

Uma i-placenta previa itholwe, ukuhlolwa esibhedlela sokukhulelwa e-Hyderabad kuhlelwa kaningi ukuze kulandelelwe noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile endaweni ye-placenta.

Ngezinye izikhathi, abesifazane abane-placenta previa ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwabo, bavame ukuxazulula isimo ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka. Ngokukhula kwesibeletho, igebe phakathi kwe-placenta nokuvulwa kwesibeletho lingase likhule. 

Uma isimo se-placenta previa silapheka ngokwaso, ukubeletha okujwayelekile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma inkinga iqhubeka, ukulethwa nge-C-section kuyindlela yokuphuma. Ukwelashwa kwe-placenta previa kubalulekile ekunqumeni indlela efanele yokubeletha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha komama nosana.

Ukwelashwa Lapho Ukopha Kwenzeka

Ukopha esithweni sangasese emasontweni angama-20 ekhulelwe kungase kuphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo futhi isiguli kufanele siyiswe esibhedlela. Lapha, i-Blood Transfusion ingase yenziwe ukuze kubuyiselwe igazi elilahleke ngokopha kanye nokuhlolwa okuthile kunina kanye nengane engakazalwa ukuze kuhlaziywe impilo yabo.

Uma isiguli sinamasonto angama-36 sikhulelwe, ukulethwa kwe-C-section kungase kudingeke kwenziwe. Uma ukulahleka kwegazi kudlulele noma kunokusongela impilo yesiguli noma yengane esanda kuzalwa, yingakho ukuhlinzwa kwesigaba C kuyadingeka lapha njengesimo esiphuthumayo ngaphambi kokuqedwa kwesikhathi esigcwele sokukhulelwa.

Ukwelapha ukopha kungase kuncike ekuqineni nasekuthatheni isikhathi sokopha kanye nesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukwelapha Ngaphandle Kokopha

Uma kungekho ukopha kwangempela kodwa i-ultrasound yembula ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga, umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kungase kube ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba neziqephu zokopha okungenzeka futhi ufike osukwini lokubeletha ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka. 

Uma kuneziqephu zokopha okunjalo esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, isiguli singanconywa ukuba sithinte iSibhedlela ngokushesha futhi sizophathwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Ukulethwa Okuhleliwe Kwesigaba Se-Caesarean

Ukubeletha ngokuhlinzwa kungase kuhlelwe emasontweni angama-36 noma ngemva kwawo okukhulelwa kungakhathaliseki isiqephu sokopha esithweni sangasese ngenxa ye-placenta previa.

Uma ukubeletha kuhlelwe ngesikhathi esingaphambi kwamasonto angama-37 okukhulelwa, abahlinzeki bezempilo bangahlola futhi banikeze imithi yokusiza ingane ukuba ithuthukise amaphaphu ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi sokubeletha.

Ukuvimbela i-Placenta Previa

Azikho izindlela ezaziwayo zokuvimbela i-placenta previa. Nokho, ezimweni ezimbalwa, izingozi eziyisisekelo ezibangela i-placenta previa zingagwenywa, isibonelo ngokugwema ukubhema. Ukopha esithweni sangasese ngenxa yalesi simo sezempilo kungancishiswa kalula ngokuthatha indawo yokuphumula yombhede, ukumisa ukuya ocansini noma ukunciphisa ukuvama kwakho, kanye nokunciphisa umsebenzi onzima.

Ukuvimbela i-Placenta Previa

Nawa amanye amasu okuvimbela i-placenta previa:

• Ukunakekelwa Okuvamile Kokukhulelwa: Yiya kuwo wonke ama-aphoyintimenti ahleliwe ngaphambi kokubeletha ukuze uqaphe ukuqhubeka kokukhulelwa kwakho futhi ubambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi.
• Izinketho Zendlela Yokuphila Enempilo: Gcina ukudla okunomsoco okunomsoco, vivinya umzimba njalo (ngokwemvume kadokotela wakho), futhi ugweme ukubhema notshwala, njengoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga.
• Ukugwema Imisebenzi Ethize: Uma uke waba ne-placenta previa ekukhulelweni okudlule, cabanga ukugwema imisebenzi engacindezela isibeletho, njengokuphakamisa umzimba noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngamandla, ngaphandle uma uyalwe ngenye indlela udokotela wakho.
• Gada Izimpawu: Qaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezinjengokopha noma ubuhlungu obungavamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka.
• Phatha Izimo Zezempilo: Lawula izimo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, njengoba lokhu kungenza ukukhulelwa kube nzima futhi kwandise nezingozi.

Yini Ebangela I-Placenta Previa?

Imbangela eqondile ye-placenta previa ayikaziwa. Kodwa-ke, izici ezithile ezifana nesizinda sakho sezokwelapha kanye nemikhuba ethile yokuphila zingakhuphula amathuba okuthuthukisa i-placenta previa.

Ekugcineni, singasho ukuthi lesi simo singaba yingozi futhi kufanele sithathwe ngokungathi sína. Xhumana nodokotela bethu e-CARE Hospitals uma uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingapheli futhi uthole ukubonisana nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Izibhedlela ze-CARE zithathwa njengezinye ezihamba phambili ukukhulelwa okusengozini enkulu esibhedlela eHyderabad.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kungani wopha uma une-placenta previa?

Ukopha kwenzeka nge-placenta previa ngoba i-placenta iseduze noma phezu komlomo wesibeletho. Njengoba isibeletho sikhula, singabangela ukuthi i-placenta inlule noma ihlukane kancane, okuholela ekopheni.

2. Ingabe i-placenta previa ingabangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu?

Nakuba i-placenta previa ngokwayo ngokuvamile ingabangeli ukuphuphuma kwesisu, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezingase zandise ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala.

3. Ingabe i-placenta previa iyahamba?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-placenta previa ingakwazi ukuzixazulula ngokwayo njengoba ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka. Njengoba isibeletho sikhula, i-placenta ingase isuke emlonyeni wesibeletho. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho ukuqapha njalo kubalulekile.

4. Ingabe i-placenta previa iyafana ne-placenta yangaphambili?

Cha, i-placenta previa kanye ne-placenta yangaphambili akufani. I-placenta yangaphambili ibhekisela endaweni ye-placenta odongeni olungaphambili lwesibeletho, kuyilapho i-placenta previa isho ukuthi i-placenta iphezu komlomo wesibeletho.

5. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-placenta previa kanye ne-placenta abruption?

I-Placenta previa yenzeka lapho i-placenta ivala umlomo wesibeletho, kanti ukuqubuka kwe-placenta yilapho i-placenta iphuma esibelethweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Zombili lezi zimo zingabangela ukopha, kodwa zinezimbangela ezihlukene kanye nemithelela.

6. Ingabe i-placenta previa ingabangela ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi?

Yebo, i-placenta previa ingandisa ingozi yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma kwenzeka ukopha okukhulu, odokotela bangase batuse ukuletha umntwana kusenesikhathi ukuze kuvikelwe impilo kamama neyomntwana.

7. Ingabe i-placenta previa izothinta ukuzala kwami?

I-Placenta previa ngokuvamile ayithinti ukuzala kwesikhathi esizayo, kodwa ukuba nayo ekukhulelweni kwangaphambili kungase kwenyuse ingozi yezinkinga ezifanayo ekukhulelweni kwesikhathi esizayo.

8. Ngabe ngizodinga i-C-section uma kutholakala ukuthi ngine-placenta previa?

Iningi labesifazane abane-placenta previa bazodinga isigaba C ukuze babelethe umntwana ngokuphephile, ikakhulukazi uma i-placenta ihlala phezu komlomo wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

9. Ingabe i-placenta previa ingabanga ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa?

I-Placenta previa ngokwayo ayibangeli ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, kodwa izinkinga ezihlobene nayo, njengokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zingandisa ingozi yezinkinga zempilo enganeni.

10. Ungakwazi yini ukuzwa ukunyakaza nge-placenta previa?

Yebo, usengakwazi ukuzwa ukunyakaza kwe-fetus nge-placenta previa, nakuba ukuma kwe-placenta kungase kube nomthelela endleleni obona ngayo lokho kunyakaza.

11. Iyiphi ingozi enkulu nge-placenta previa?

Ingozi enkulu ehlobene ne-placenta previa ukopha okukhulu, okungase kube yingozi kubo bobabili umama nengane, okungase kuholele ekuzalweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma kudinga isigaba C.

12. Ingabe i-placenta previa idinga ukuphumula kombhede?

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase batusa ukuphumula kombhede noma ukunciphisa umsebenzi womzimba ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokopha, ikakhulukazi uma sekuvele kukhona ukopha.

13. Ingabe ukuhamba kuphephile ku-placenta previa?

Ukuhamba kungase kuphephe kwabanye besifazane abane-placenta previa, kodwa kubalulekile ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Banganikeza iseluleko esiqondene nawe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

14. Yini okufanele ngiyigweme uma ngine-placenta previa?

Uma une-placenta previa, kuvame ukululekwa ukuthi ugweme imisebenzi engandisa ingozi yokopha, njengokuphakamisa umzimba, ukuvivinya umzimba okukhandlayo, nokuya ocansini. Hlala ulandela izincomo zomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.