Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-Sepsis

Lapho umzimba usabela noma yikuphi ukutheleleka kwesitho bese iqala ukulimaza izicubu zayo, iba ne-Sepsis, isifo esingase sibulale. Izitho ziqala ukusebenza ngendlela engafanele uma izindlela zokulwa nokutheleleka emzimbeni zisebenza. I-Sepsis ingase ibangele ukulimala okukhulu kwezicubu, ukwehluleka kwezitho, nokufa uma ingelashwa ngesikhathi.

Yini Ebangela I-Sepsis?

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamagciwane athathelwanayo angena emzimbeni noma ubuthi obukhishwe yi-pathogen bunamandla okudala i-Sepsis. Ukutheleleka kungase kuvele kuthinte isitho esisodwa, noma kungasakazeka ngokujikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba. I-influenza virus, amagciwane abangela izifo zesisu kanye nomchamo, kanye ne-streptococcus inyumoniya ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangela i-Sepsis.

I-Sepsis ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukutheleleka okungena egazini futhi kubangele impendulo ehlelekile evela emzimbeni. Ukutheleleka kungavela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njenge:

• Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane: Izimo eziningi ze-sepsis zibangelwa amagciwane. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Escherichia coli (E. coli), ne-Streptococcus.
• Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane: Nakuba kungavamile, amagciwane athile angaholela ku-sepsis. I-Influenza kanye ne-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ziyizibonelo.
• Ukutheleleka kwefungal: Isikhunta, njenge-Candida noma i-Aspergillus, singabangela i-sepsis, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.
• Ukutheleleka Ngezinambuzane: Nakuba kungavamile, ama-parasites angaholela ku-sepsis.

Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngesifo esitholakala endaweni ethile engxenyeni ethile yomzimba, njengamaphaphu, isisu, noma umgudu womchamo. Uma ukusabela komzimba komzimba kungakwazi ukuqukatha ukutheleleka, kungasakazekela egazini, okuholela ku-sepsis.

Izinto ezingase zandise ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-sepsis zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, izifo ezingelapheki, ukuguga, nezinqubo zezokwelapha ezihlaselayo noma amathuluzi. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha ukuze uthole izifo futhi uqaphe mayelana nokuphatha nokuvimbela izifo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini.

Izigaba ze-Sepsis

I-Sepsis ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu,

• i-sepsis: Umzimba wakho uba nokuvuvukala ngenxa yokutheleleka okungena egazini lakho.
• I-Sepsis Enzima: Umsebenzi womzimba usuqala ukuthintwa ukutheleleka nokuvuvukala.
• Ukushaqeka kwe-Septic: Inkinga enkulu ye-sepsis, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukushaqeka kwe-septic, iholela ekwehleni okukhulu komfutho wegazi. Lokhu kungase kubangele izinkinga eziningi ezimbi kakhulu, njengokwehluleka kwezinhlelo zokuphefumula noma zenhliziyo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zomzimba, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, unhlangothi kanye nokufa okungenzeka.

Izimpawu ze-Sepsis

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu njengoba i-Sepsis ingakhula ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-Sepsis yilezi: 

• Rapid Heartbeat
• Imfiva noma Ukubanda (izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi kakhulu)
• Ukuzizwa Uqhaqhazela noma Kubanda
• Isikhumba esifudumele, esicwebezelayo noma esijulukayo 
• Isiyezi noma Ukudideka
• Ukuphefumula Okufushane noma Ukuphefumula Ngokushesha (Hyperventilation)

Izimpawu ze-Sepsis Enzima

Ukwehluleka kwezitho kuwumphumela omkhulu we-Severe Sepsis. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-Sepsis enzima, kufanele ubonise eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Unenkinga yokuphefumula
• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ikakhulukazi izindebe, iminwe nezinzwane
• Ukucwiliswa ekushiseni komzimba okubangela ukugodola nokuncipha komchamo
• isiyezi
• Izinguquko emandleni engqondo
• Ubuthakathaka obuphelele (asthenia)
• Isibalo seplatelet esincishisiwe (thrombocytopenia)
• Ukungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo
• Ukungazi

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zokuthuka Okukhulu (Septicemia)

I-sepsis enzima kanye nokushaqeka kwe-septic kungakhula kusuka ku-Sepsis ngokushesha okukhulu. Kuya ngokuya kuba yingozi empilweni yakho njengoba kushintsha. Ezinye izimpawu ezinzima ze-sepsis kanye nokushaqeka kwe-septic, njengokudideka okungazelelwe, isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokuphefumula kanzima, zingahlala ndawonye. Umfutho wegazi ophansi kakhulu ungolunye uphawu olubalulekile lokushaqeka kwe-septic.

Izingozi ze-Sepsis

Ngisho noma abantu abathile besengozini yokutheleleka, wonke umuntu angathola i-Sepsis. Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Intsha Nabadala
• Iziguli ezinamasistimu amasosha omzimba asengozini, njengalezo eziphila ne-HIV noma ezithola i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza
• Iziguli ezigula kakhulu (ICUs)
• Labo abafakwe ezintweni ezingenele njengamashubhu okuphefumula noma ama-catheter afakwa emthanjeni

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Sepsis

The Uchwepheshe Wezokwelapha Wangaphakathi Ongcono Kakhulu izokunikeza ukuhlolwa uma ubonisa izimpawu ze-Sepsis ukuze uhlonze futhi uhlole ubucayi bokugula kwakho. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kuzobandakanya,

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa kokuphuma kwenxeba
• Ukuhlolwa kokuphuma kwamafinyila. 

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenye yokuhlola kokuqala. Igazi lakho lihlolelwa izinkinga ezifana nokuthi,

• Izinkinga nge-clotting yokutheleleka
• Ukusebenza okungavamile kwezinso noma kwesibindi
• Amazinga e-oxygen ehlile kanye nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte okuthinta okuqukethwe kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho kanye ne-acidity yegazi

Udokotela wakho anga-oda ezinye izivivinyo kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Sepsis

Uma indiva, i-Sepsis ingashintsha ngokushesha ibe yi-septic shock futhi ibangele ukufa. Ukwelashwa Kwe-Sepsis E-Hyderabad ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ochwepheshe abanikeza imithi elandelayo,

• Ama-antibiotics anikezwa nge-Intravenously (IV) ukulwa nesifo.
• Izidakamizwa ezenyusa Umfutho Wegazi (BP)
• I-insulin ukugcina amazinga kashukela egazini
• Ama-corticosteroids anciphisa ukuvuvukala kanye namaphilisi ezinhlungu ngenxa yokungakhululeki

Uma kuyisimo esibi kakhulu se-Sepsis, kungase kudingeke inani elikhulu loketshezi lwe-IV, kanye ne-respirator yokuphefumula. Uma izinso zithinteka, i-dialysis ingase idingeke. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuqedwe imbangela yaleli gciwane. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukukhipha izicubu ezinesifo noma ukukhipha ithumba eligcwele ubomvu.

Lokubuyisela

Izinga le-Sepsis yakho kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezicashile zizonquma ukuthi ululama ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokuphambene, abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele, kodwa abanye baba nemiphumela ehlala njalo. Ngokusho kwe-UK Sepsis Trust, kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-18 ukuthi abantu abane-Sepsis baqale ukuzizwa bejwayelekile futhi. Cishe u-50% walabo abake baba ne-Sepsis babhekana nesimo esibizwa nge-Post-Sepsis Syndrome (PSS), esingadala imiphumela yesikhathi eside njengokuqwasha, amaphupho amabi, ukukhathala, nezitho ezilimele.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela i-sepsis kuhilela izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kanye nokwelapha ngokushesha noma yiziphi izifo ezenzekayo. Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela i-sepsis:

• Zijwayeze Ukuhlanzeka Kwezandla Okuhle: Ukugeza izandla njalo nangokucophelela ngensipho namanzi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Gcina Amanxeba Ahlanzekile: Ukuhlanzwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilonda kungavimbela izifo ezingase ziholele ku-sepsis.
• Imithi yokugoma: Hlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngemigomo yokuvikela ezifweni ezingagwemeka, ezinjengomkhuhlane, inyumoniya, nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
• Zijwayeze Ukuphatha Ukudla Okuphephile: Bamba kahle futhi upheke ukudla ukuze uvimbele izifo ezitholakala ekudleni, ezingaholela ezifweni.
• Ukulawulwa Kokutheleleka Ezilungiselelweni Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo: Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele balandele imithetho eqinile yokulawula ukutheleleka, okuhlanganisa nenhlanzeko efanele yezandla, ukuvimbela izifo ezihambisana nokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Ukutholwa Kusenesikhathi Nokwelashwa Kwamagciwane: Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha nganoma iziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengomkhuhlane, ububomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuphuma okungavamile. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kungavimbela ukuqhubekela phambili ku-sepsis.
• Ukuqwashisa Ngemithi Elwa Namagciwane: Sebenzisa ama-antibiotic kuphela njengoba uyalelwe uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, futhi uqedele ukwelashwa okuphelele. Gwema ukusebenzisa ama-antibiotic ngokungadingekile, njengoba kungaba nomthelela ekwandeni kwama-antibiotic.
• Gcina Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo: Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokulala okwanele, kungasekela ukusebenza komzimba wonke.
• Lawula Izimo Ezingamahlalakhona: Lawula ngokuphumelelayo izifo ezingelapheki, njengoba izimo ezithile zingenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni futhi zandise ukungenwa yizifo.
• Qapha Ezilungiselelweni Zokunakekelwa Kwezempilo: Uma wena noma othandekayo uthola usizo lwezokwelapha, qaphela izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka, futhi ukhulume uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nenhlanzeko noma imikhuba yenhlanzeko.

Lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela zibalulekile kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ngokukhethekile labo abanamasosha omzimba asengozini, njengabantu asebekhulile, abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona, nalabo abathola ukwelashwa okungase kwenze buthaka ukusabela komzimba.

Izinkinga

Izimpawu ze-sepsis zingahluka ngokuqina, kusukela kokumnene kuye kokuqina. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuba ube nezinkinga. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya:

• Ukwakhiwa kwezindwangu zegazi
• Ukuba sengozini ephakeme yokutheleleka
• Ukufa kwezicubu, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-gangrene
• Ukulimala kwezitho
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho, okunomthelela othile ezinso, inhliziyo, namaphaphu

Isiphetho

I-Sepsis yisimo esinzima futhi esisongela ukuphila esibangelwa ukusabela komzimba okuyihaba ekuthelelekeni. Le mpendulo iholela ekuvuvukeni okusabalele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-sepsis ngokwayo ayitheleleki. Kodwa-ke, izifo, njengebhaktheriya, igciwane, noma isikhunta, ezingase zibangele i-sepsis zingasakazwa zisuka kumuntu ziye komunye. Isibonelo yi-COVID-19, okungase kuholele ku-sepsis. Abantu abasengozini enkulu ye-sepsis bahlanganisa izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, abantu abadala, nalabo abanezimo zempilo ezivele zikhona.

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-sepsis zihlanganisa imfiva noma ukugodola, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukudideka, nobunzima bokuphefumula. I-Sepsis iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, futhi kufanele kufunwe ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kusolwa i-sepsis, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona ukutheleleka okwaziwayo.