I-Arthritis Ezinganeni: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Izimbangela Nezinketho Zokwelashwa

I-Juvenile arthritis ezinganeni ibhekisela ezifweni eziningana ezihlukene ezingapheli ezihilela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga (isifo samathambo), esingadala:

• ubuhlungu Joint
• Ukuvuvuka
• Imfudumalo
• Ukugubha
• Ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-JIA zinezici ezihlukene, njengephethini yamalunga ahilelekile nokuvuvukala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ngaphandle kwamalunga. I-JIA ingase ihlale isikhathi esilinganiselwe, njengezinyanga noma iminyaka embalwa, kodwa kwezinye izimo iyisifo sokuphila konke esidinga ukwelashwa lapho umuntu esemdala.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, izingane eziningi zithola izikhathi zempilo futhi ngezinye izikhathi isifo siphela unomphela ngaphandle kwesidingo semithi. Kule bhulogi, sizoxoxa ngamaqiniso athile nge-juvenile arthritis.

I-JIA iqala ezinganeni nasebancane ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwayo kweminyaka eyi-16. Izinhlobo eziningi zalesi sifo zivame kakhulu emantombazaneni, kodwa i-JIA ehlobene ne-enthesitis, uhlobo lwesifo olubandakanya ukuvuvukala kwezindawo lapho imigqa nama-tendon enamathela emathanjeni, kuvame kakhulu kubafana. I-Systemic JIA, uhlobo olungavamile lwe-JIA olufaka umkhuhlane nokuqubuka, luhlasela abafana namantombazane ngokulinganayo. Izingane zazo zonke izinhlanga zingasithola lesi sifo.

Izingane ezinelungu lomndeni elinesifo samathambo esingamahlalakhona, okuhlanganisa ne-JIA, zisengozini ethe ukukhula yokusithola. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni eline-psoriasis kuyingozi yohlobo lwe-JIA olubizwa nge-psoriatic JIA.

Idiopathic

Kubhekiselwa esimweni lapho umsuka ungaqondwa ngokugcwele. Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile ze-JIA zingaziwa, iqala lapho amasosha omzimba esebenza ngokweqile futhi adale ukuvuvukala.

Izinhlobo ze-JIA

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-JIA, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile. Okungukuthi,

• I-Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis- ifomu elivame kakhulu nelithambile, elithinta amalunga amane noma ambalwa.

  • Kucatshangelwa iqhubeka uma izimpawu ziqhubeka izinyanga eziyi-6 noma ngaphezulu,
  • inwetshiwe uma amalunga amahlanu noma ngaphezulu ebandakanyeka ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 zokugula.
  • Amalunga avame ukuthinteka ngamadolo noma amaqakala. Uhlobo lokuvuvukala kwamehlo olubizwa ngokuthi uveitis engapheli lungakhula ezinganeni ezinalolu hlobo lwe-JIA.
• I-Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis–rheumatoid factor negative- uhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu, oluthinta amalunga amahlanu noma ngaphezulu ezinyangeni eziyisi-6 zokuqala.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwezici ze-rheumatoid kunegethivu.
  • I-rheumatoid factor blood test ihlola isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, ikakhulukazi isifo samathambo, okuwuhlobo lwabantu abadala lwesifo samathambo. Ezinye zalezi zingane ziba ne-uveitis engapheli.
• I-Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis–rheumatoid factor positive-Lokhu kuhlanganisa amalunga amahlanu noma ngaphezulu phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-6 zokuqala zesifo.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor, umaka wesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, kuhle.
  • Ngokuvamile kwenzeka emantombazaneni asanda kweva eshumini nambili, futhi kubonakala kufana ncamashi nesifo samathambo sabadala.
• I-arthritis ye-juvenile idiopathic ehlobene ne-Enthesitis- Ibandakanya kokubili isifo samathambo kanye ne-enthesitis.
  • I-Enthesitis - ukuvuvukala kwenzeka lapho i-ligament noma i-tendon inamathela ethambo.
  • Izindawo ezivamile ze-enthesitis
    • amadolo
    • izithende
    • phansi kwezinyawo.
  • I-arthritis ngokuvamile itholakala
    • okhalweni
    • amadolo
    • amaqabunga
    • Feet
  • I-JIA ehlobene ne-enthesitis ivame kakhulu kubafana.
• I-Psoriatic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-psoriasis, kanye nokuvuvukala kwamalunga.
  • Isimo sesikhumba ngokuvamile sivela kuqala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amalunga abuhlungu, aqinile kuwuphawu lokuqala, kanti isifo sesikhumba sivela eminyakeni kamuva.
  • Izinzipho ezinezinzipho kanye ne-dactylitis nazo ziyizimpawu zalesi sifo.
• I-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Isistimu isho ukuthi lesi sifo singathinta wonke umzimba, hhayi nje isitho esithile noma ilunga.
  • I-JIA yesistimu ngokuvamile iqala ngomkhuhlane kanye nokuqubuka okufika futhi kudlule isikhathi esingamaviki ama-2.
  • amalunga ayavuvukala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yilapho umkhuhlane usuphelile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akwenzeki nhlobo uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha.
  • Ezimweni ezinzima, ukuvuvukala kungakhula ezithweni nasezithweni ezizungezile, njengobende, ama-lymph nodes, isibindi, nolwelwesi lwenhliziyo namaphaphu.
  • I-JIA yesistimu ithinta abafana namantombazane ngefrikhwensi elinganayo
• I-arthritis engahlukanisiwe. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izingane ezinezimpawu ezingangeni kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo noma ezilingana ohlotsheni olungaphezu kolulodwa.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu ze-arthritis ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo, kodwa zonke izinhlobo ziyabelana

• ubuhlungu obuhlangene obuqhubekayo
• Ukuvuvuka
• ukushisa
• ukuqina

Ubuhlungu bunganciphisa ukunyakaza kwelunga elithintekile, nakuba izingane eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezincane, ngeke zikhononde ngobuhlungu. Esinye sezibonakaliso zakuqala singase sibe nokuxhuga ekuseni ngenxa yesifo emlenzeni owodwa noma yomibili.

Izimpawu ze-JIA zihamba ngemijikelezo, zivutha amaviki ambalwa noma izinyanga ezilandelwa yizikhathi lapho ziqala ukuxola. Ezinye izingane zineqhubu elilodwa noma amabili kuphela futhi aziphinde zibe nezimpawu, kuyilapho ezinye zinamaqhubu amaningi noma izimpawu ezingaqedi ngokuphelele.

Ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlangene, ukuvuvukala okuhlobene ne-JIA kungabangela ezinye izimpawu, njenge:

• Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo.-I-Uveitis ivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezine-JIA.
  • Ngokuvamile iqala phakathi neminyaka embalwa ngemva kokuxilongwa kwe-JIA, kodwa engxenyeni encane yezingane, ivela ngaphambi kwezimpawu ezihlangene noma eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.
  • Uhlobo lwe-JIA ingane enalo lungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-uveitis. Izingane ezine:
    • I-Oligoarticular JIA, ikakhulukazi uma iqala isencane, ingaba ne-uveitis engapheli enezimpawu ezithambile noma ezingenazo nhlobo.
    • Izingane ezine-POlyarticular JIA ngaphandle kwe-rheumatoid factor, noma ezine-psoriatic JIA nazo zisengozini.
    • I-JIA ehlobene ne-Enthesitis kanye nezinye izingane ezine-psoriatic JIA zingaba neziqephu ze-acute anterior uveitis, eqala ngokuzumayo futhi ibangele ubuhlungu bamehlo, ububomvu bamehlo, nokuzwela ukukhanya.
  • Uma ingelashwa, i-uveitis ingaholela ezinkingeni zamehlo ezifana ne-cataract, i-glaucoma, nokulahlekelwa umbono.
• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba- Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-JIA ingane enayo, ingase ibe noshintsho esikhumbeni. Izingane ezine:
  • I-Systemic JIA - thola ukuqubuka okubomvu noma okuphinki okufika kuphinde kudlule.
  • I-Psoriatic JIA- ithuthukisa amabala abomvu esikhumba. Iphinde ibangele izinzipho ezinezimbobo kanye ne-dactylitis
  • I-Polyarticular JIA ene-rheumatoid factor- thola amaqhubu amancane noma amaqhuqhuva ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezithola ingcindezi, njengokuhlala.
• Fever
  • I-Systemic JIA- Banomkhuhlane wansuku zonke lapho isifo siqala noma sivutha.
    • Umkhuhlane uvame ukuvela kusihlwa, futhi ukuqubuka kungase kusuke kwenye ingxenye yomzimba kuya kwenye, ngokuvamile okwenzeka ngomkhuhlane.
  • Iziguli ezinezinye izinhlobo ze-JIA ngokuvamile aziba nemfiva.
• Izinkinga zokukhula- Ukuvuvukala ezinganeni ezinanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-JIA kungaholela ezinkingeni zokukhula.
  • Ngokuya ngobunzima besifo namalunga ahilelekile, amathambo aseduze kwamalunga avuvukele angase akhule ngokushesha kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela umlenze owodwa noma ingalo ibe yinde kunomunye, noma kungabangela ukwakheka kwe-misshape chin
  • Iphinde yehlise ukukhula okuphelele uma isifo sinzima

Izimbangela

Ku-JIA, amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha amanye amaseli awo anempilo nezicubu. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala, kanye nobuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, ukufudumala, nokuqina. Ukuvuvukala okuvela ku-JIA kungalimaza amalunga, amehlo, noma ezinye izitho ezithintekile.

Akwaziwa ukuthi kungani amasosha omzimba ehlasela izicubu ezinempilo ezinganeni ezine-JIA, kodwa inhlanganisela yofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo iyabandakanyeka.

Ososayensi bathole amanye ama-molecule i-TNF-alpha, IL-6, ne-IL-1—anomthelela ekuvuvukeni kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekwelashweni okusha okuqondiswe ngqo kula ma-molecule.

Ukwelashwa

Izinhloso zokwelashwa yilezi:

• Lawula ukuvuvukala.
• Yehlisa ubuhlungu nokuqina.
• Vimbela ukulimala kwamalunga nezitho.
• Londoloza futhi uthuthukise umsebenzi ohlangene.
• Khuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthuka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
• Thola ukuxolelwa
• Vumela ukuzibandakanya okuphelele nemisebenzi evamile

Izingane eziningi ezine-JIA zidinga inhlanganisela yemithi nendlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa a Ukudla okunazo zonke nokuzivocavoca, ukuze ufinyelele lezi zinhloso. Uhlelo oluthile lokwelapha luzoncika eminyakeni yengane, uhlobo lwe-JIA, nakwezinye izici, njengokuqina kwesifo.

Imithi

Izinhlobo zemithi

• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala neyobuhlungu.- isiza ekudambiseni ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala okuvela ekuvuvukeni.
• Imithi elwa nokuvuvukala kwezifo eziguqula izifo (DMARDs). Le mithi yomlomo icindezela amasosha omzimba ezingeni elibanzi, isiza ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi isindise amalunga emonakalweni unomphela.
• Izilungisi zempendulo zebhayoloji. Ngokuvimbela izimpawu ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba ezibangela ukuvuvukala, izilungisi zokuphendula ze-biologic zisiza ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-JIA, ukuzuza ukuxolelwa, nokuvikela emonakalweni unomphela.
• Corticosteroids. Lapho ijova elunga elithintekile, le mithi elwa nokuvuvukala eqinile ngokuvamile iletha ukukhululeka okusheshayo, nakuba ingahlali isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokuthi ziyizidakamizwa ezinamandla ezinemiphumela emibi eminingi engenzeka, odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza umthamo ophansi kakhulu wama-steroids adingekayo futhi aqedwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo

Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwe-JIA. Udokotela angancoma ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukusiza:

• Adambise izinhlungu.
• Thuthukisa futhi ugcine uhla lokunyakaza emalungeni athintekile.
• Qinisa imisipha.
• Vimbela ukulimala kwezemidlalo noma eminye imisebenzi yomzimba.

Izindlela zokunciphisa izinhlungu zingafundiswa enganeni futhi kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lokuzivocavoca ekhaya.

Izibhedlela ze-CARE, isibhedlela esingcono kakhulu se-arthritis e-Hyderabad sinikeza ukunakekelwa okuphelele kweziguli ezihlushwa isifo samathambo ne-rheumatism.