Ukukhathazeka Kokukhubazeka Kwengqondo (ADHD)

Iyini I-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

I-ADHD, noma i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ukuphazamiseka okuhlobene nobuchopho. Ekuqaleni yayibizwa ngokuthi i-ADD noma i-Attention Deficit Disorder, futhi yanikezwa igama elithi ADHD ngawo-1990. I-ADHD ivame ukutholakala kusukela ebuntwaneni kuze kube yiminyaka yentsha. Iziguli zayo zinezinkinga ku kobuchopho lokho kubenza bantule ukunakwa, ukuzithiba nokugxilisa ingqondo futhi bakhuthale ngokweqile futhi baxhamazele.

I-ADHD ngezinye izikhathi ingase ibhekwe njengezinkinga zokuziphatha ezinganeni. Nokho, izingane ezinenkinga yokuziphatha ngokuvamile ziphuma kuleso sigaba. Ingane ene-ADHD ayikwazi ukukumisa ngomlingo ukuziphatha okunjalo. Ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu kubafana, futhi izimpawu nazo zibonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane.

Izimpawu ze-ADHD Ezinganeni 

Izimpawu ze-ADHD ezinganeni ezingase ziguquke:

1. Ukungakwazi ukugxila esikoleni nokwenza amaphutha anganaki ezifundweni nasemisebenzini yansuku zonke
2. Ukungakwazi ukuhlala unganyakazi izikhawu ezinde
3. Ukuthambekela kokuphupha emini kakhulu
4. Ukungabi nangqondo
5. Ukuthambekela kokuqunjelwa, ukungahlaliseki, kanye nesithukuthezi kalula
6. Ukungakwazi ukulandela iziqondiso ezilula
7. Ukukhuluma ngokweqile
8. Ukuthambekela kokuphazamisa abanye lapho ukhuluma
9. Ukungakwazi ukulinda ngesineke
10.  I-hyperactivity ivela eziqephuni izikhathi eziningi phakathi nosuku
11.  Ubunzima bokuthola abangane
12. Ukungakwazi ukumelana nezilingo.

I-ADHD yabantu abadala ingase ibe nesethi ehlukile yezimpawu ezifana nesifo solaka, ukuthatheka, ubunzima bokubhekana nengcindezi, izinkinga zobudlelwane, ukuhlehlisa isikhathi noma ukuba matasa ngokweqile, ukushintsha kwemizwa njll. Nokho, umuntu angathembela kokuningi. amathiphu okuthuthukisa impilo yakho yengqondo.

Yini ebangela i-ADHD? 

Ucwaningo belulokhu luqhubeka ukuze kuhlonzwe izimbangela eziqondile nezici zobungozi ze-ADHD. Nokho, ayikho imbangela eyinhloko ye-ADHD ehlonziwe. Ucwaningo luyakhombisa ubufakazi bokuthi i-ADHD ixhumene kakhulu nezinto zofuzo. Ngakho-ke i-ADHD ingase ijwayele ukusebenza emindenini. Ngokungeziwe kuzici zofuzo, ezinye izimbangela ezimbalwa ezingase zandise ubungozi be-ADHD zifaka:

1. Ukuhlukumezeka noma ukulimala kwengqondo
2. Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo esiphansi
3. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ugwayi noma izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
4. Izifo ezithile noma ukungondleki ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
5. Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anobuthi njengomthofu endaweni ezungezile.

Izinhlobo ze-ADHD

I-ADHD ingabonakala ngezindlela ezine ezihlukene, futhi abahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo baxilonga isimo ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezithile ezibonwa enganeni. Lezi zethulo zihlanganisa:

1. Iphrezentheshini Enganakiwe Ikakhulukazi: Ngaphambilini eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-attention-deficit disorder (ADD), izingane ezinale phrezentheshini zinenkinga yokunganaki. Bakuthola kuyinselele ukugxila, ukuhlela imisebenzi, nokuhlala endleleni, nezimpawu ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa ngokweqile/ukuthatheka.
2. Iphrezentheshini ene-Hyperactive-Impulsive kakhulu: Izingane ezinale phrezentheshini zibonisa ukuxhamazela kanye nokuthatheka, ezinobunzima bokunaka obungabonakali. Ukuziphatha okungavamile kuhlanganisa ukugedla, ukungakwazi ukuhlala unganyakazi, ukuba namandla ngokweqile, nokukhuluma. Ukuthatheka kuhilela ukuphazamisa abanye nokwenza ngaphandle kokucabangisisa. Lolu wuhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu, oluthinta izingane ezincane.
3. Isethulo Esihlanganisiwe: Izingane ezinale phrezentheshini zibonisa okungenani izimpawu eziyisithupha ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlobo zokunganaki kanye ne-hyperactive-impulsive, ngazo zombili amasethi ezimpawu zenzeka ngokulinganayo. Lolu uhlobo oluvame ukuqashelwa lwe-ADHD, oluhlanganisa cishe u-70% wamacala.
4. Isethulo esingacacisiwe: Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu, zibangele ukungasebenzi kahle, kodwa zingase zingalingani kahle nenqubo yokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD kunoma yiluphi uhlobo oluthile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abahlinzeki bezempilo babela ukuxilongwa "kwe-ADHD engacacisiwe."

Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD

Ukuxilongwa kwe-ADHD akuyona inqubo eqondile. Akukho ukuhlola okuqondile okungaxilonga i-ADHD ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ukuyixilonga kudinga izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Inqubo yokuxilongwa ihlanganisa izivivinyo zezokwelapha zokuzwa nokubona ukuze kukhishwe noma yiziphi ezinye izinkinga. Udokotela wakwa izibhedlela ezihamba phambili zezifo zengqondo eHyderabad izophinde ihlole uhlu lokuhlola uphawu ngalunye futhi ichaze kabanzi ngomlando wengane kusukela kubazali, othisha, kanye nasenganeni. Ngakho-ke, kuzokwenziwa inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kwemizwa, nokwengqondo ukuze kuhlonzwe ukuthi ingane ine-ADHD.

Ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD

Indlela ye-multimodal ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengengcono kakhulu ekwelapheni i-ADHD. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yemithi nokwelashwa kokuziphatha. Ezinganeni ezincane, ukuqeqeshwa kunikezwa nabazali ukuze babasize babhekane nesimo sengane yabo futhi balawule ngempumelelo izimpawu zabo. Izinguquko ekudleni nasekunciphiseni isikhathi sesikrini nakho kungaphatha izimpawu eziningi ze-ADHD.

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa ezingcono kakhulu ze-ADHD?

Izinketho zokwelapha ze-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) zingahluka kuye ngezidingo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuthandwayo. Ezinye zezindlela ezinconyiwe zibandakanya:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha: Ukungenelela kokuziphatha, okufana ne-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) noma ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha, kuhloswe ukusiza abantu ukuba bakhe amasu okulawula ukuthatheka, ukuthuthukisa amakhono enhlangano, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukugxila.
• Imithi: Imithi evuselelayo efana ne-methylphenidate (i-Ritalin, i-Concerta) kanye nemithi esekelwe ku-amphetamine (i-Adderall, i-Vyvanse) ivame ukunikezwa ukuphatha izimpawu ze-ADHD. Imithi engakhuthazi njenge-atomoxetine (i-Strattera) ne-guanfacine (Intuniv) nayo iyasetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangakwazi ukubekezelela izikhuthazi.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali: Ezinganeni ezine-ADHD, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abazali zifundisa abazali amasu asebenzayo okuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yabo futhi banikeze ukusekela.
• Ukwelulekwa kanye Nokwelashwa: I-Psychotherapy, njengokwelulekwa komuntu ngamunye noma ukwelashwa kweqembu, ingasiza abantu ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okubhekana nesimo, ukulawula imizwelo, nokuthuthukisa ukuzethemba.
• Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila: Ukwamukela izinqubo zendlela yokuphila enempilo, njengokujima okuvamile, ukudla okunomsoco, nokulala okwanele, kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ze-ADHD.
• Izindlela Zokucabangela Nokuphumula: Imikhuba efana nokuzindla, i-yoga, nokuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okujulile kungasiza abantu abane-ADHD bathuthukise ukugxila, behlise ingcindezi, futhi bathuthukise ukuzazi.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-ADHD?

Uma kungekho ukungenelela, i-ADHD inamandla okuholela ezinseleleni ezahlukahlukene zesikhathi eside, ezingahlanganisa:

• Ukuzenyeza.
• Izimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga zokudla.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
• Izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
• Ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi nokungacabangi.

Amasu Okubhekana Ne-ADHD

Abantu abane-ADHD bangakwazi ukusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okubhekana nesimo ukuze balawule izimpawu zabo futhi bathuthukise inhlalakahle yabo iyonke:

• Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi: Ukusebenzisa izikhathi, ama-alamu, namakhalenda kungasiza abantu abane-ADHD bahlale besendleleni ngemisebenzi nama-aphoyintimenti.
• Ukucabanga nokuzindla: Ukuzijwayeza ukucabangela nokuzindla kungasiza abantu abane-ADHD bathuthukise ukugxila futhi banciphise ingcindezi.
• Ukuzivocavoca Okuvamile: Ukuzivivinya umzimba njalo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukushuba ngokweqile futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle yonke.
• Amaqembu Okusekela: Ukujoyina amaqembu okusekela noma ukufuna ukwelulekwa kunganikeza umuzwa womphakathi kanye nemininingwane ebalulekile evela kwabanye abahlangabezana nezinselele ezifanayo.

ephetha Thoughts

Ukuphila Nokuntula Ukunaka I-hyperactivity Disorder kunezinselele, kodwa ngamasu afanele nokusekelwa, abantu bangaphila ukuphila okwanelisayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-ADHD yabantu abadala noma uhlala nengane okutholwe ukuthi ine-ADHD, ungakwazi ukuphila ukuphila okuvamile nokujabulisayo ngalesi simo. Ngokungenelela okufanele kanye nemizamo eqhubekayo, izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD bangakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo futhi baphile ukuphila okuvamile. Khumbula, ukufuna isiqondiso sochwepheshe nokuhlala umatasa ekulawuleni i-ADHD kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile eziya ekuphileni okujabulisayo nokwanelisayo.