Ihlule Legazi Ebuchosheni: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa

Ihlule legazi, uma likhona ngaphakathi ebuchosheni, kuyisimo sezempilo esibucayi esingadinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Le nkinga engase ibe yingozi empilweni yenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi osebuchosheni uvaleka, kuphazamise ukugeleza komoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezicutshini ezibalulekile zobuchopho.

Ulwazi olujulile lwezimpawu zehlule legazi ebuchosheni lungahumushela ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha zamahlule egazi ebuchosheni, esiza abafundi ukuthi babone ukuthi kufanele bafune nini usizo lwezokwelapha nokuthi yini okufanele bayilindele phakathi nokuxilongwa nokunakekelwa.

Izinhlobo zamahlule Egazi Ebuchosheni

Amahlule egazi ebuchosheni angaba yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ischemic kanye ne-hemorrhagic. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukile ekwakhekeni kwazo kanye nemiphumela ebuchosheni.

• Amahlule egazi e-Ischemic kwenzeka lapho umthambo ohlinzeka igazi ebuchosheni uvaleka. Lolu hlobo lwenza cishe u-87% wayo yonke imivimbo. Amahlule e-Ischemic angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe ama-subtypes amabili:
  • I-Thrombosis: Ihlule elimile liyakha ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi owonakele.
  • Embolism: Ihlule noma into yangaphandle isuka endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni ukuze ivimbe umthambo osebuchosheni.
• Amahlule egazi awophayo abangelwa ukuqhekeka komkhumbi wegazi ovuzela esicupheni sobuchopho. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, amahlule awopha ngokuvamile aba nzima kakhulu futhi asongela ukuphila. Babangela ukuthi izicubu eziseduze ziyeke ukusebenza futhi zingaholela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho, zenze ingcindezi ezindaweni ezizungezile.

Zombili izinhlobo zamahlule egazi zingabangela unhlangothi, owaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlasela kobuchopho, ngokuphazamisa ukunikezwa kwegazi okubalulekile kobuchopho.

Izimbangela Zehlule Legazi Ebuchosheni

Amanye amahlule egazi ezizathu zobuchopho yilezi: 

• High ukushaya kwegazi kubangela ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi, okwandisa ingozi yamahlule. 
• Ukubhema nesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki nakho kulimaza imithambo yegazi, okunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamahlule. 
• I-Atrial fibrillation, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, kubangela ukuthi igazi lihlanganele enhliziyweni, okungase kwakhe amahlule adlulela ebuchosheni. 
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol nokukhuluphala kuyizici ezengeziwe eziyingozi. 
• I-genetic predisposition idlala indima, njengoba umlando womndeni we-stroke noma amahlule egazi uphakamisa ingozi yomuntu. 
• Iminyaka yobudala ingesinye isici, okungenzeka ukuthi amahlule obuchopho ayanda njengoba abantu bekhula. 

Izingozi Ezingenzeka

Ezinye izici zingenza umuntu abe sengozini yokuthola ihlule legazi ebuchosheni.

• Iminyaka yobudala nobulili budlala indima, abantu abadala kanye namadoda abasengozini enkulu. 
• Izinketho ezinjengokubhema nempilo yokungawuvivinyi kunengxenye enkulu. 
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezinjengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala, isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki, kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu nazo ziphakamisa amathuba. 
• I-atherosulinosis (i-fatty deposit buildup emithanjeni) inciphisa imithambo yegazi futhi yandise ingozi yamahlule. 
• Imithi ethile, okuhlanganisa izivimbela-nzalo zamahomoni kanye nokwelashwa esikhundleni sehomoni, nakho kungase kunyuse ingozi. 

Izimpawu Zehlule Legazi Ebuchosheni

Ukuqaphela izimpawu kanye nezimpawu zamahlule egazi ebuchosheni kubalulekile ukuze uthole usizo lwezokwelapha olufika ngesikhathi. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: 

• Kungazelelwe kunzima izinhlungu zekhanda, okuhambisana nobuhlungu bentamo nokuqina 
• Abantu bangase babe buthakathaka noma babe ndikindiki, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, okuthinta ubuso, ingalo, noma umlenze. 
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma, njengenkulumo engacacile noma inkinga yokuqonda abanye 
• Izinkinga zokubona, okuhlanganisa ukufiphala kwamehlo noma ukufiphala kwamehlo
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, izinkinga zokuxhumanisa, kanye isiyezi 
• Kwezinye izimo, abantu bangase babhekane nokukhubazeka okukhulu, okwenza kube inselele ukuhambisa izitho ezithintekile. 
• Ukudideka, ukundindizela, ngisho ukuhlukunyezwa zingathuthuka njengoba isimo siqhubeka. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwamahlule Egazi Ebuchosheni

Odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene ukuze bathole amahlule egazi ebuchosheni, okuhlanganisa: 

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ukunquma amazinga okujiya kanye namazinga kashukela egazini. 
• Izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe: 
  • Ama-CT scan ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nobuchopho, okuveza ukopha noma ukulimala. 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI kungathola ukulimala kwamangqamuzana obuchopho
  • I-cerebral angiograms inikeza umbono ophelele wemithambo yobuchopho nentamo. 
  • Izikena ze-Ultrasound zihlola usayizi wobuchopho nokuma, okungenzeka kuthole umsuka wehlule. 
  • I-Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ikhomba ukungahambi kahle kwemithambo yegazi futhi ihlole ukugeleza kwegazi. 
  • Izikena ze-V/Q zikala amazinga komoyampilo egazini, okubonisa noma yikuphi ukuvimbeka. 
  • Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase ba-oda i-carotid ultrasound ukuze bahlole ukuthi ucezu lwehlule olusuka entanyeni luye lwaya ebuchosheni.

Ukwelashwa Kwehlule Legazi Ebuchosheni

Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezehlukene zehlule legazi ekwelashweni kobuchopho, okuhloswe ngazo ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile nokunciphisa ukulimala kobuchopho. Indlela yokwenza incike kusayizi wehlule, indawo, kanye nembangela. 

• Imithi: Imithi ye-Anticoagulant noma i-blood thinners ivimbela ukwakheka kwehlule elisha futhi ivimbele ekhona ukuthi ingakhuli. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ama-thrombolytics (izidakamizwa ezivimba amahlule) ahlakaza ngokushesha amahlule. Lezi zisebenza kahle kakhulu uma zilawulwa phakathi namahora okuqala kwezimpawu.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ezimweni ezinzima, i-thrombectomy yemishini ingadingeka. Le nqubo yokuhlinzwa ihilela ukukhipha ihlule emithanjeni emikhulu yobuchopho kusetshenziswa idivayisi enemeshi. 

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase batuse i-burr hole drainage noma i-craniotomy ukuze kukhishwe amahlule egazi futhi kunciphise ingcindezi. 

Ukwengeza, ama-stents angafakwa emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho ukuze kugcinwe ukugeleza okufanele, kuyilapho i-vena cava philtres ibamba amahlule ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele ezithweni ezibalulekile.

Izinkinga Zehlule Legazi Ebuchosheni

Amahlule egazi ebuchosheni angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, ezithinta imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba: 

• Omunye wemiphumela emibi kakhulu ukwakheka kwe-pulmonary embolism, lapho ihlule lihamba liye emaphashini, okungase kubangele ubunzima bokuphefumula obusongela ukuphila. 
• Ukulimala kwezinso kungenye inkinga engenzeka, engabangela ukwehluleka kwezinso uma ishiywe ingelashwa. 
• I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) ingase ikhule, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni noma ezingalweni. 
• abesifazane abakhulelwe babhekane nengozi eyengeziwe yokwakheka kwehlule emithanjeni ye-pelvic noma esithweni esingezansi. 
• Lezi zinkinga zingabangela ukulimala kobuchopho unomphela, ukulahlekelwa amakhono athile, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi balezi zinkinga ezishintsha impilo.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kubalulekile lapho uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziphakamisa ihlule legazi ebuchosheni. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa: 

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokungazelelwe
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda inkulumo
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Izinkinga zokubona kungazelelwe
• ukuquleka
• Isiyezi kanye nokudideka, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi

Ukwephuza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwengqondo, ukukhubazeka, noma ngisho nokufa. I-neurologist kufanele ihlole isiguli ngokushesha ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi.

Ingabe Kungenzeka Ukuvimbela Amahlule Egazi Ebuchosheni?

Ukuvimbela amahlule egazi ebuchosheni kungenzeka ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye nokuphathwa kwezokwelapha. 

• Ukuhlala umatasatasa kusiza ukukhuthaza ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo, ukunciphisa ingozi yokwakheka kwamahlule. 
• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo nokuyeka ukubhema kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile. 
• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye sikashukela nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. 
• Ukuhlala u-hydrated futhi uthathe ikhefu phakathi nesikhathi eside sokungakwazi ukuhamba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni amahlule. 
• Amasokisi okucindezela angase abe yinzuzo kwabanye abantu. 
• Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukudla okungenampilo nosawoti, kanye nokuphuza utshwala. 
• Ukwelapha imbangela yamahlule angenzeka kanye nokuphatha ukukhathazeka kwezokwelapha ngamasu abalulekile ekuvimbeleni. 
• Ukuxoxa ngemithi nodokotela nakho kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni okuphelele.

Isiphetho

Amahlule egazi ebuchosheni abeka engcupheni enkulu yezempilo, efuna ukunakwa ngokushesha kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo. Ngokuqonda izinkomba eziyisixwayiso nezici zengozi, abantu ngabanye bangazivikela kangcono futhi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha olufika ngesikhathi lapho ludingeka. Ukubaluleka kwezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nokuphathwa okufanele kwezimo zempilo ezingaphansi akukwazi ukweqiwa ekuvimbeleni amahlule obuchopho.

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye nokwelashwa kwenze ngcono ukuhlonzwa nokwelashwa kwamahlule obuchopho, okunikeza ithemba kulabo abathintekile. Nokho, ukuvimbela kuseyindlela engcono kakhulu. Ngokuhlala sinolwazi, ukulawula izifo ezingelapheki, ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, nokubhekana nezici eziyingozi, singanciphisa amathuba okuba sibe nalesi simo esiyingozi. 

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe amahlule egazi ebuchosheni angelashwa?

Yebo, amahlule egazi ebuchosheni ayelapheka. Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ama-anticoagulants, i-thrombolytics, ne-thrombectomy yemishini. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa ngokushesha kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela. Ukuvuselelwa kungase kudingeke ezigulini ezilimale ebuchosheni.

2. Ingabe Amahlule Obuchopho Uyelapheka?

Amahlule obuchopho ayelapheka, kodwa imiphumela iyahlukahluka kuye ngesizathu sehlule, uhlobo, ubukhulu, indawo kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke. Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kwesimo nokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze ululame ngempumelelo.

3. Ingabe ihlule legazi ebuchosheni lingancibilika ngokwalo?

Nakuba umzimba unezinqubo zemvelo zokudiliza amahlule, amahlule egazi ebuchosheni ngokuvamile adinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Ama-Anticoagulants angavimbela amahlule amasha ukuthi akheke futhi avumele isikhathi somzimba sokuncibilikisa akhona.

4. Yikuphi ukudla okufanele kugwenywe ngehlule legazi?

Ukunciphisa ingozi yehlule legazi, gwema ukudla okugayiwe, iziphuzo ezinoshukela, amafutha e-trans, nenyama ebomvu negayiwe. Nciphisa ukudla kukasawoti kanye nokuphuzwa kotshwala, njengoba inani eliningi lingakhuphula ingozi yamahlule.

5. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungawenza amahlule egazi ebuchosheni?

Yebo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu noma okungapheli kungaba nomthelela ngokungaqondile ekwakhekeni kwehlule legazi ebuchosheni. Ukucindezeleka kungaholela emikhubeni yokuphila engenampilo eyandisa ingozi yezimo ezihambisana namahlule egazi.