Ukopha Kobuchopho: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

Ukopha ebuchosheni kungenzeka kunoma ubani noma nini. Lesi simo esibucayi sezempilo senzeka lapho imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iphuka, okubangela ukopha ngaphakathi kogebhezi. I-Brain haemorrhage iyisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Kungaba nomthelela eqophelweni lempilo yesiguli. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda izimbangela zokopha ebuchosheni, izimpawu, kanye nokwelashwa okutholakalayo.

Ake sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sokopha ebuchosheni futhi sikhanyisele izici ezingaholela kulesi simo. Sizoxoxa ngezimpawu eziyisixwayiso okufanele uziqaphele futhi sichaze ukuthi odokotela baxilonga futhi belaphe kanjani ukopha kobuchopho.

Kuyini I-Brain Hamorrhage?

Isifo sokopha ebuchosheni, esaziwa nangokuthi ukopha kwe-intracranial noma ukopha kobuchopho, kwenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni iphuka, okubangele ukopha ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Lesi simo sezempilo esingathi sína sivimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungafinyeleli ezicutshini zobuchopho, okuholela emiphumeleni engase ibe yingozi empilweni.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokopha ebuchosheni, ngakunye kwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene:

• I-Epidural Bleed: Kwenzeka phakathi kwethambo logebhezi kanye nongqimba lwe-membrane yangaphandle (i-dura mater).
• I-Subdural Bleed: Ikhula phakathi kwe-dura mater kanye ne-arachnoid membrane.
• I-Subarachnoid Bleed: Kwenzeka phakathi kwe-arachnoid membrane kanye ne-pia mater.
• I-Intracerebral Haemorrhage: Ukopha ngaphakathi kwezicubu zobuchopho ngokwazo, okuthinta ama-lobes, i-brainstem, noma i-cerebellum.
• I-Intraventricular Haemorrhage: Ukopha kuma-ventricles obuchopho, lapho kukhiqizwa khona uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal.

Izimbangela Zokopha Kwengqondo

Ukopha kobuchopho kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokopha kobuchopho kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Ukulimala kanzima ekhanda kungaholela ekuwohlokeni okubuhlungu kwe-subbarachnoid, okuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ungenye into ebalulekile engenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma siyekwa singalashwa, lesi simo singaba imbangela enkulu engagwemeka yokopha ebuchosheni. 
• Ukuphuza utshwala nokubhema ngokweqile kuye kwaphawulwa njengezici eziyingozi ezingase zibe nomthelela kuma-aneurysms ebuchosheni.
• I-Aneurysms ingaqhuma futhi ibangele ukopha ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungaholela ekushayweni yisifo sohlangothi. 
• Abanye abantu bangase bazalwe benemithambo yegazi ebuthaka ngaphakathi naseduze kobuchopho, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). 
• I-amyloid angiopathy, ukungahambi kahle kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi evame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuguga kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, kungabangela ukopha okuncane, okungabonakali ngaphambi kokuba kubangele ukopha okukhulu. 
• I-haemophilia, i-sickle cell anemia kanye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kungakhuphula ingozi yokopha ebuchosheni ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-platelet kanye nokuncipha kwekhono lokujiyisa.

Ezinye izici ezingabangela ukopha kobuchopho zihlanganisa: 

• Isifo sesibindi
• Izimila zobuchopho
• Imithi ye-anticoagulant ne-antithrombotic ingandisa ingozi yokopha ebuchosheni, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala.

Izimpawu Zokopha Kwengqondo

Izimpawu zokopha ebuchosheni zingahluka futhi zincike endaweni kanye nobukhulu bokopha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu yikhanda elibuhlungu elingazelelwe, elivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "ukuduma kwekhanda". 
• Lobu buhlungu obukhulu bungahlala kusukela kumzuzu owodwa kuya kwemihlanu futhi bungabonisa isimo esibucayi esingaphansi.
• Ubuthakathaka, ukuba ndikindiki, noma ukushoshozela, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba 
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza nakho kuyavama, ikakhulukazi ezimeni ze-cerebellar haematoma, ezinganyusa umfutho we-intracranial.
• Ukudideka, isiyezi, noma inkinga ngokulinganisela nokuxhumana
• Ijwabu leso elishona phansi noma izinkinga zokubona, njengokubona kabili noma ukuzwela ukukhanya 
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukuqonda abanye, noma ukugwinya
• Ukuthuthumela, ukubhala kanzima, noma ukulahlekelwa amakhono amahle emoto
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuncipha kokuphaphama, noma ngisho nokulahlekelwa ukwazi kungenzeka. 

I-Brain Hamorrhage Diagnosis

Odokotela benza ukuhlola okuphelele ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa lapho isiguli sibonisa ukubonakaliswa okusikisela ukopha kobuchopho. 

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba Nomlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela wezinzwa uzohlola izimpawu zemizwa njengobuthakathaka, izinkinga zombono, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma. Odokotela bazophinde babuyekeze umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, okuhlanganisa noma yikuphi ukulimala ekhanda noma izici eziyingozi ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
• I-Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Ama-CT scan asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlonzeni ukopha okukhulu futhi angaveza indawo, ubukhulu kanye nesinye isikhathi imbangela yokopha. 
• Ukufaniswa kwe-Magnetic Resonance (MRI): I-MRI ingathola ukopha okucashile okungenzeka kungabonakali ku-CT scan. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ekopheni okungapheli noma ukopha okuncane, okwaziwa ngokuthi ama-microbleeds. 

Ezimweni ezithile, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-Cerebral Angiography: Le nqubo ihilela ukufaka i-catheter emthanjeni bese uwushutheka ebuchosheni ukuze ujove udayi futhi uthole izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-X ray zemithambo yegazi.
• I-Lumbar Puncture: Uma isithombe sokuqala singabonisi ukopha kodwa ukusola kusalokhu kuphezulu, odokotela bangase benze impompi yomgogodla ukuze babheke igazi ku-cerebrospinal fluid.
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Lokhu kuhlola kungasiza ekutholeni ukuquleka okuhlobene nokopha kobuchopho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izimo ezibangela ukopha.

Ukwelashwa Kokopha Kobuchopho

Ukwelapha ukopha ebuchosheni kuncike ekuqineni kwendawo yokopha. 

• Imithi:
  • Imithi yomfutho wegazi
  • Umuthi odambisa izinhlungu 
  • Ama-anticonvulsants 
  • Ama-Antiemetics 
• Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Ezimweni lapho i-aneurysm ibangela ukopha, izindlela ezimbili zokuhlinza zisetshenziswa: 
  • Ikhoyili: Le nqubo yokuhlinzwa ihilela ukufaka amakhoyili amancane eplatinamu ku-aneurysm nge-catheter, ivalwe ngaphandle komthambo omkhulu. 
  • Ukugunda: Le nqubo yokuhlinzwa idinga i-craniotomy, lapho isiqeshana sensimbi esincane sibekwa endaweni ye-aneurysm ukuze kuvinjelwe ukopha okwengeziwe.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha uma:

• Uma usola ukuthi wena noma omunye umuntu kungenzeka ukuthi unenkinga yokopha ebuchosheni 
• Uma othandekayo eke walimala ekhanda noma eshaywa ekhanda 
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu eziqala ngokuzumayo njengekhanda elibuhlungu, ukudideka, ukungabi namandla, noma ubuthakathaka

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ukopha ebuchosheni kuhilela ukulawula izici eziyingozi kanye nendlela yokuphila enempilo. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Lawula Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme: Lokhu kungazuzwa ngokuthi: 
  • Ukuhlolwa njalo nokulandela imithi ebekiwe 
  • Ukudla okunosawoti omncane, amafutha agcwele, kanye ne-cholesterol
  • Ukuvivinya njalo
• Ukuyeka Ukubhema: Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kungenza buthaka izindonga zemithambo yegazi futhi kwandise amathuba okuba nama-aneurysms. 
• Ukulinganisa Ukuphuza Utshwala: Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungaholela esifweni sesibindi futhi kuthinte ukujiya kwegazi, okwandisa ingozi yokopha ebuchosheni. 
• Ukulawula isifo sikashukela: Ushukela ophezulu ungalimaza imithambo yegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwenza kube lula ukuphuka. 
• Ukuvimbela Ukulimala Ekhanda: Ukugqoka amabhande ezihlalo ngenkathi ushayela, ukusebenzisa izigqoko zokuzivikela phakathi nemisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili noma ukushwiba nge-skateboard, nokugwema imidlalo yokuxhumana kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlukumezeka ekhanda.
• Imithi yokwehlisa igazi: Landela imiyalelo kadokotela ngokucophelela mayelana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi futhi uhlale uhlola ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi amazinga egazi lakho angaphakathi kwebanga elifanele.

Isiphetho

I-Brain haemorrhages yizimo zezempilo ezibucayi ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha nokuqonda okufanele. Lesi sihloko sihlole izici ezihlukahlukene zokopha ebuchosheni, kusukela kuzimbangela nezimpawu zakho kuya ekuxilongweni kanye nezinketho zokwelapha zokopha ebuchosheni. Ngokuqonda izici eziyingozi nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukuze behlise amathuba abo okuthola lesi simo esisongela ukuphila futhi bafune usizo ngokushesha lapho kudingeka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukopha kobuchopho kungelapheka?

Ukopha kobuchopho kuyisimo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Nakuba kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwelapha ngokuphelele ukopha kobuchopho, ukopha ngokushesha ekwelapheni kobuchopho kungathuthukisa imiphumela. 

2. Ingabe umuntu angasinda lapho ukopha ebuchosheni?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukusinda lapho ukopha ebuchosheni, kodwa umbono uyahlukahluka kuye ngezici eziningana. Ubukhulu bokopha, indawo yakho, ijubane lokwelashwa, kanye nempilo yonke yesiguli konke kunendima emazingeni okusinda. Abantu abaningi abanokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokuvuselelwa bangakwazi ukubuyisela imisebenzi elahlekile.

3. Ingabe ukopha ebuchosheni kubuhlungu?

Olunye lwezimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokopha ebuchosheni ubuhlungu bekhanda elibuhlungu kungazelelwe, elivame ukubikwa njengekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu empilweni yomuntu. Nokho, akuwona wonke ukopha ebuchosheni okubangela ubuhlungu; abanye abantu bangase babe nezinye izimpawu zokopha ebuchosheni ngaphandle kobuhlungu bekhanda. 

4. Ungakugwema kanjani ukopha ebuchosheni?

Nakuba kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvimbela ukopha kobuchopho, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokopha ebuchosheni.
• Yeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokusesilinganisweni.
• Gcina ukudla okunempilo futhi uzivocavoce njalo.
• Gqoka amagiya okuzivikela phakathi nemisebenzi engaholela ekulimaleni ekhanda.
• Uma usebenzisa imishanguzo enciphisa igazi, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.
• Lawula izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela ezingakhuphula ubungozi bakho.
• Cabangela ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa uma wazi i-aneurysms yobuchopho noma okunye ukungahambi kahle kwemithambo.