I-Bronchoscopy: Inqubo, Ukulungiselela, Izingozi, kanye Nemiphumela

I-bronchoscopy iyinqubo esiza odokotela ukuthi banqume isimo sohlelo lokuphefumula lomuntu. Kule nqubo, udokotela uzosebenzisa ithubhu elincanyana elifakwe ikhamera nokukhanya ekugcineni. Ishubhu lifakwa ngekhala noma ngomlomo phansi eshubhu lokuphefumula ukuze libone amaphaphu. Ishubhu liyagobeka futhi lingafinyelela kalula emaphashini. 

Kwenziwa nini?

Umuntu ohlushwa yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenkinga yamaphaphu uzodinga i-bronchoscopy ngoba iyasiza ukuhlola inkinga yamaphaphu. Kwenziwa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Uma umuntu ephethwe ukukhwehlela okunganqamukiyo futhi lowo muntu ukhwehlela igazi. 
• Uma umuntu ephefumula kanzima
• Uma umuntu ehlushwa yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lokutheleleka
• Uma kukhona okungajwayelekile okutholakele ku-X-reyi yesifuba udokotela

Odokotela bangasebenzisa futhi i-bronchoscopy ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Kuyasiza ekuxilongeni inkinga kanye nokutheleleka kwamaphaphu
• Ngokuthatha izicubu zamaphaphu ku-biopsy
• Ukuze kukhishwe amafinyila, ukuvaleka, nanoma yisiphi isimila emaphashini
• Okokufaka i-stent emigudwini yomoya ukuze imigudu yomoya ihlale ivulekile
• Okokwelapha izinkinga zamaphaphu ezimbalwa njengephaphu eligoqekile
• Ukuze uhlole isimo se-lymph nodes ezungeze amaphaphu

Ukulungiselela i-Bronchoscopy

Udokotela uzonikeza imiyalelo eminingana yokulungiselela i-bronchoscopy. Imiyalo ejwayelekile yokulungiswa kwe-bronchoscopy ihlanganisa okulandelayo: 

• Gwema ukudla noma ukuphuza noma yini phakathi kwamabili ngobusuku bangaphambi kwenqubo.
• Kufanele utshele udokotela ngemithi oyiphuza njalo ngoba udokotela angase akweluleke ukuthi uyeke eminye imithi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwenqubo.
• Kufanele futhi ukhiphe izinsiza-kuzwa, amalensi okuxhumana, amabhuloho akhiphekayo, namazinyo okufakelwa ngaphambi kwenqubo.
• Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ejwayelekile phakathi nenqubo futhi ngakho-ke kufanele uze nomuntu ozokubuyisela ekhaya uma uzophuma esibhedlela ngalolo suku. Ngeke ukwazi ukushayela imoto ngenxa yomphumela we-anesthesia. 

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy?

I-bronchoscopy yindlela yezokwelapha evumela udokotela ukuba ahlole ingaphakathi lemigudu yomoya emaphashini, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-bronchi kanye ne-bronchioles. Nansi ukubuka konke okwenzeka ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy:

• Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kwenqubo, isiguli singase sithole umuthi wokulalisa ukuze usisize sikhululeke, futhi isibulali-zinzwa sasendaweni singase sifakwe ndikindiki ngemuva komphimbo. Kwezinye izimo, i-anesthesia ejwayelekile ingasetshenziswa.
• Ukufakwa kwe-bronchoscope: I-bronchoscope iyishubhu elincanyana, eliguquguqukayo elinokukhanya nekhamera ekugcineni. Ingafakwa ngekhala noma ngomlomo, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, nge-tracheostomy uma ikhona. Isiguli singase sicelwe ukuba sigwinye njengoba i-bronchoscope iqondiswa ngobumnene emphinjeni nasemigudwini yomoya.
• Ukuhlolwa Okubonwayo: Njengoba i-bronchoscope isithuthukisiwe, udokotela angakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo uqhoqhoqho, i-bronchi, nemigudu yomoya emincane kumonitha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezakhiwo zamaphaphu.
• Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula: Ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy, udokotela angase aqoqe amasampula ezicubu zamaphaphu, amafinyila, noma uketshezi ukuze ahlolwe okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungasiza ekuxilongeni izifo, izimila, noma ezinye izimo zamaphaphu.
• I-Lung Biopsy: Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angase enze i-lung biopsy ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhipha isampula lethishu elincane ukuze lihlaziywe.
• Ukungenelela Kokwelapha: I-bronchoscopy nayo ingasetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Udokotela angase asebenzise i-bronchoscope ukuze akhiphe into yangaphandle, amafinyila acwebe, noma abeke ama-stents emigudwini yomoya ukuze awagcine evulekile.
• Ukuqapha Ngemuva Kwenqubo: Ngemuva kwenqubo, isiguli sigadwa isikhathi esithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izinkinga. Iziguli ezithole i-sedation noma i-anesthesia zingadinga isikhathi esithile ukuze zilulame.

Inqubo ye-Bronchoscopy

Inqubo ye-bronchoscopy ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Udokotela uzokubiza esibhedlela. Inqubo yenziwa endaweni yesibhedlela. 
• Lapho ulele embhedeni, umhlengikazi uzohlola umfutho wegazi lakho, amazinga omoya-mpilo kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. 
• Umuthi uzofafazwa emlonyeni wakho ukuze uvale ikhala lakho. Umhlengikazi uzophinde akunike umuthi nge-IV ukuze ulalise. 
• Ngemva kokuba ulele ubuthongo obukhulu, udokotela uzofaka ishubhu elincanyana ngomlomo noma ekhaleni lakho emphinjeni elizofinyelela emaphashini akho. Ikhamera nokukhanya kunamathiselwe ekugcineni kweshubhu esiza ukuthumela izithombe esikrinini esingaphandle. 
• Izithombe zisiza futhi udokotela ukuthi abone ingaphakathi lephaphu lakho ngokucacile. Udokotela angasebenzisa futhi i-bronchoscope ukuze akhiphe izicubu ze-biopsy. 
• Inqubo izohlala isigamu sehora noma ngaphezulu. Inqubo ephelele kusukela esikhathini sokulungiselela kuya ekubuyiseleni kungase kuthathe amahora angu-4-5. 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Bronchoscopy

I-bronchoscopy iyindlela yezokwelapha esetshenziselwa ukuxilonga nokwelapha izimo ezihlobene nezindlela zomoya namaphaphu. Ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy, ishubhu elincanyana, eligobekayo elinekhamera nokukhanya (i-bronchoscope) lifakwa ngekhala noma emlonyeni nasemgudwini womoya. Nansi indlela inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile esebenza ngayo:

• Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kwenqubo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo. Ungase uthole i-sedative noma i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze wenze ukhululeke kakhudlwana phakathi nenqubo.
• Inqubo: I-bronchoscope ifakwa ngokucophelela emigwaqweni yakho yomoya, futhi izithombe eziphuma kukhamera zikhonjiswa kumonitha. Udokotela angahlola imigudu yomoya, athathe amasampula ezicubu (ama-biopsies), amafinyila, noma uketshezi ukuze ahlolwe, futhi enze ezinye izinqubo uma kudingeka.
• Isidumbu: Uma kutholakala izicubu ezingajwayelekile, udokotela angase enze i-biopsy ukuze aqoqe amasampula ukuze ahlolwe okwengeziwe ngesibonakhulu. Ama-Biopsies angasiza ukuxilonga izimo ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, izifo, noma ukuvuvukala.
• Ukugeza kanye Nokuxubha: Udokotela angase asebenzise amasu akhethekile ukugeza izicubu zamaphaphu ngengxube ye-saline noma aqoqe amaseli ngebhulashi elincane. Lawa masampula angahlolelwa izifo, ukuvuvukala, noma okunye okungavamile.
• Ukwelashwa: Ngaphezu kokuxilongwa, i-bronchoscopy ingasetshenziselwa ukususa izithiyo, ukulawula ukopha, noma ukwelapha izimo ezithile ngokuqondile, njengokususa into yangaphandle noma ukubeka ama-stents.
• Ukubuyisela: Ngemva kwenqubo, uzogadwa kuze kuphele ukuthomalalisa. Ungase ube nomphimbo obuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, noma ukopha okuncane isikhathi esifushane.
• Imiphumela Yokuhlolwa: Sama-amples athathwe ngesikhathi se-bronchoscopy athunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ahlaziywe. Imiphumela isiza udokotela wakho ukuthi akuxilonge okunembile futhi anqume ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kwenzekani ngemva kwe-Bronchoscopy?

Umuntu ungaphansi komphumela we-anesthesia futhi akakhumbuli lutho ngemva kwenqubo. 

Uzogcinwa ugadiwe amahora ambalwa esibhedlela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi awubi nazo izinkinga zempilo noma izinkinga. Ungase uzwe ukuba ndikindiki komlomo amahora ambalwa kodwa uzohamba kancane. 

Ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi uphuze noma udle noma yini kuze kube yilapho kuba ndikindiki emlonyeni nasemphinjeni. Kodwa, ungadla. Udokotela uzocela ukuthi uphuze amanzi amancane futhi udle ukudla okuthambile noma ukudla okuwuketshezi njengesobho. 

Ungase ube nomphimbo obuhlungu noma ugwadule emphinjeni ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. 

Uma uba nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukopha ngenkathi ukhwehlela, noma ubuhlungu besifuba, kufanele ubize udokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izingozi ze-Bronchoscopy?

Ngokuvamile, i-Bronchoscopy iyinqubo ephephile kodwa njengazo zonke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ibuye ihlotshaniswe nezingozi ezithile. Kwezinye iziguli, izinga le-oxygen lingase lehle kodwa udokotela anganikeza umoya-mpilo wokwenziwa esebenzisa iphampu ye-oxygen.

Ungase futhi uthole inyumoniya noma imfiva ngemva kwenqubo. Okunye ukopha kungase kwenzeke ngenkathi ukhwehlela. Kuwumphumela ongavamile kodwa uma ubona okuthile kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho. Ingaphathwa kalula ngenkathi uhlala esibhedlela. 

Ubani okungafanele athole i-bronchoscopy?

I-bronchoscopy iyinqubo yezokwelapha lapho ishubhu elincanyana nelithambile elinekhamera lishuthekwa emigwaqweni yomoya ukuhlola izinkinga zamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bangaba ne-bronchoscopy, kodwa kunezimo ezimbalwa lapho kungase kunganconywa:

• Izinkinga Zokuphefumula Kakhulu: Uma umuntu ephefumula kanzima noma amazinga omoya-mpilo ephansi kakhulu, i-bronchoscopy ingase ingaphephile ngoba ingenza ukuphefumula kube kubi kakhulu.
• Izinkinga Zokopha: Abantu abanezinkinga zokopha, njenge-hemophilia enzima, bangase babe sengcupheni yokopha kakhulu ngesikhathi noma ngemva kwenqubo.
• Izimo zenhliziyo ezinzima: Abantu abanezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo ezingathi sína bangase bangakwazi ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka kwe-bronchoscopy.
• I-Heart Attack noma Stroke yakamuva: Uma othile esanda kuhlaselwa isifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi, udokotela wakhe angase anqume ukuhlehlisa i-bronchoscopy ukuze agweme ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe emzimbeni.
• Umfutho Wegazi Ophakeme Ongalawuleki: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu ongalawulwa kahle ungase unyuse ingozi yezinkinga phakathi nenqubo.
• Amagciwane: Ukutheleleka okusebenzayo, ikakhulukazi uma kunzima, kungenza inqubo ibe yingozi kakhulu.
• Izimpawu ze-allergic ku-Anesthesia: Uma umuntu eke waba nokungezwani okunamandla kokubulala izinzwa esikhathini esidlule, udokotela angase adinge ukucabangela ezinye izindlela noma athathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe.

Imiphumela

Udokotela angase anikeze imiphumela ngosuku olufanayo noma angase akushayele kamuva ukuze azi imiphumela. Udokotela angase akubize ngemva kokuba imiphumela isilungile. Imiphumela iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu kuye ngenjongo ye-Bronchoscopy.

I-Bronchoscopy iyinqubo yezokwelapha ephephile eyenziwa esibhedlela ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukuhlola isimo samaphaphu noma ukuhlonza izimo ezihlukahlukene zamaphaphu. Ezinye izinkinga zingase zenzeke kodwa udokotela wakho angakutshela izindlela zokulawula ubungozi be-bronchoscopy. Qiniseka ukuthi ufinyelela kudokotela uma ungazizwa kahle futhi uthole ukwelashwa kwenziwe kusenesikhathi.