I-Cerebral Palsy: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa

Wake wezwa nge-Cerebral palsy (CP)? Kuyisimo esithinta indlela umuntu anyakaza, ame ngayo futhi alawule ngayo imisipha yakhe. Kule bhulogi, sizobhekisisa i-cerebral palsy, sichaze izinhlobo zako ezihlukene, futhi sihlole izindlela zokudala ikusasa eliqhakazile lalabo abathintekile. Ukuqonda nozwela kubalulekile ekwesekeni abantu abane-cerebral palsy. Naphezu kwezinselele, abantu abane-CP bangaphila izimpilo ezikhiqizayo ngokusekelwa okufanele nokungenelela.

Iyini i-Cerebral Palsy?

I-cerebral palsy yisimo sempilo yonke. Kungase kube ngenxa yokulimala ebuchosheni obukhulayo, okungenzeka ngaphambi, phakathi, noma ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Lo monakalo ungathinta ikhono lobuchopho lokulawula ukunyakaza kwemisipha, okuholela ekukhubazekeni okuhlukahlukene ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka i-spasticity, i-reflexes eyeqile, ukuqina, nokunyakaza okungahleliwe.

Izinhlobo Ze-Cerebral Palsy

I-cerebral palsy ayisona isifo esisodwa. Kunalokho, iwuchungechunge lwezinkinga, ngayinye inezici zayo ezihlukile. Okulandelayo yizinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-cerebral palsy:

• I-Spastic Cerebral Palsy: Ibonakala ngokuqina, imisipha eqinile kanye nokunyakaza okukhubazekile, lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-cerebral palsy.
• I-Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy: I-Dyskinetic CP ibonakala njengokunyakaza okungalawuleki, okungenakuzikhethela. Lolu hlobo lungathinta ikhono lomuntu lokukhuluma, ukugwinya, nokugcina ukuma.
• I-Ataxic Cerebral Palsy: Abantu abanalolu hlobo bahlangabezana nebhalansi nobunzima bokusebenzisana, ngokuvamile ngokundindizela kanye nokuntuleka kokulawula imisipha.
• I-Mixed Cerebral Palsy: Njengoba kuphakanyiswe igama layo, lolu hlobo luhilela inhlanganisela yalezi zici ezibalwe ngenhla, ezethula isethi eyingqayizivele yezinselele.

I-Cerebral Palsy ivame kangakanani?

I-CP iphakathi kokukhubazeka kwezimoto okuvame kakhulu ebuntwaneni, okuthinta cishe izingane ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 kwezingu-1,000 ezizalwa emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba izinga lezehlakalo liye lahlala lizinzile emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, intuthuko ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha kanye nokungenelela kusenesikhathi kuye kwalithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yabantu abane-cerebral palsy.

Izimpawu Ze-Cerebral Palsy

Izimpawu ze-cerebral palsy zingahluka kuye ngohlobo nobukhulu besimo. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqina kwemisipha, futhi bangase baqinise nakakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izicubu ezithambile, ikakhulukazi lapho uphumule
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumana kwemisipha
• Ubunzima bebhalansi nokuxhumana
• Inkinga ngamakhono amahle emoto (ukubhala noma ukufaka izinkinobho)
• Iphethini yokuhamba engavamile, njengokuhudula unyawo noma ukuhamba ngezinzwane
• Ukunyakaza okungenakuzikhethela, njengokusonteka, ukudlikiza, noma ukushwabana kwezandla, izinyawo, izingalo, noma imilenze, okungaba kubi kakhulu phakathi ukucindezeleka
• Inkulumo nokuxhumana okukhubazekile
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
• ukuquleka
• Izinkinga zokubona noma zokuzwa
• Inkinga yokugwinya noma ukuhlafuna ezinganeni ezindala
• Ikhula kancane kunokuvamile
• Ukubambezeleka ekufinyeleleni ingqophamlando yamakhono emoto (ukuhlala phezulu noma ukukhasa)
• Izinkinga zesinye namathumbu, kuhlanganise ukuqunjelwa kanye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba umchamo
• I-CP ingathinta uhlangothi olulodwa lomzimba, isandla esisodwa noma zombili noma imilenze

Izimbangela Zokukhubazeka Cerebral

I-cerebral palsy ibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukulimala kobuchopho obukhulayo bengane. Kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ukubeletha, noma eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila. Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Izici Zokukhulelwa:
  • Ukuguqulwa kofuzo okuthinta ukukhula kobuchopho
  • Amagciwane ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa njenge-rubella, i-cytomegalovirus, noma i-toxoplasmosis ingathinta ingane engakazalwa.
  • Ukuchayeka ezintweni eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuhlanganisa notshwala, ugwayi ukubhema, noma imithi ethile
  • Ukunikezwa kwegazi okuphazamisekile noma ukuphuma ebuchosheni bengane ekhulayo
• Izici Zokubeletha:
  • Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nesisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi
  • Ukushoda kokunikezwa komoyampilo ebuchosheni (asphyxia) ngesikhathi sokubeletha
  • Ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlukumezeka ebuntwaneni
• Izinto Zangemva Kokubeletha:
  • Izifo ezinzima zengane njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis zingathinta ubuchopho ngemva kokuzalwa.
  • Ukulimala ekhanda okubuhlungu ngenxa yezingozi noma ukuwa
  • Kunzima, kungalashwa jaundice kungabangela ukulimala kwengqondo (kernicterus)

Izinto Eziyingozi Ze-Cerebral Palsy

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa ingozi yokuba ingane ikhule i-cerebral palsy, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma isisindo esiphansi
• Ukuzalwa okuningi (amawele, amawele amathathu, njll.)
• Ukutheleleka komama noma izimo zempilo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukungajwayelekile kwe-placenta noma izinkinga ngesikhathi sokubeletha
• Ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlukumezeka ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ebuntwaneni
• Ukungahambelani kwe-Rh phakathi kukamama nengane kungaholela ekulimaleni okukhulu kwe-jaundice nokulimala kobuchopho.
• Ubunzima ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha, njengokushoda komoyampilo (asphyxia) noma izimo eziphuthumayo C-izigaba, ingandisa ingozi ye-CP.
• I-jaundice enzima, engelashiwe esanda kuzalwa
• Ibanga eliphakeme imfiva kumama ngesikhathi ekhulelwe noma ebeletha

Izinkinga ze-Cerebral Palsy

Abantu abane-cerebral palsy bangase babe nenqwaba yezinkinga ezingaba nomthelela empilweni yabo yonke kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Lezi zinkinga zingabandakanya:

• Izinkinga ze-musculoskeletal, ezifana nokukhubazeka kwamalunga, ukuqina kwemisipha, kanye ne-scoliosis
• Ukuhamba okungaguquki kungabangela ukukhishwa kwe-hip noma ukulimala kokuwa
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula, kuhlanganise inyumoniya nobunzima bokuphefumula
• Ubunzima bokudla nokugwinya, okuholela ekungondleki kahle noma ezinkingeni zokukhula
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nokufunda
• Ukuquleka kanye isithuthwane
• Ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa (ukuzwa noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona)
• Ukuziphatha, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nezinkinga zomphakathi 
• Ukwanda kwengozi yezinkinga zamazinyo ngenxa yezinselelo zokuhlanzeka komlomo nokondliwa
• Izinkinga zesinye namathumbu, njenge ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, ukungakwazi ukuzibamba, noma ukuqunjelwa

Ukuxilongwa Kwe-Cerebral Palsy

Ukuxilongwa kwe-cerebral palsy kuhilela inqubo enezinyathelo eziningi, evame ukubandakanya:

• Odokotela bangase babuyekeze umlando wezokwelapha wengane, izigigaba zokukhula, kanye nezinkinga zokubeletha noma zokuzala. 
• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba kungahlola ithoni yemisipha, ukukhalipha, ukuxhumanisa, nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono emoto.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological ukuhlola amakhono emoto, ukuzwa, kanye nokuphendula ku-stimuli
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe, okuhlanganisa ama-CT scan, i-MRI, noma ama-ultrasounds, ukuze kutholakale noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
• Ukuhlolwa kokuthuthuka kokuhlola amakhono engane okuqonda, okuxhumana, nawokuhlalisana ngokomzwelo
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG) yokuhlaziya umsebenzi wobuchopho futhi ithole okungavamile, ikakhulukazi ekubanjweni. 
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo 

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Cerebral Palsy

Ukwelapha i-cerebral palsy kuyindlela enezici eziningi ehlanganisa ithimba lodokotela, okuhlanganisa odokotela, abelapha ngokomzimba, abalaphi bomsebenzi, izazi zezifo zolimi lokukhuluma, kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo. Izinjongo eziyinhloko zokwelashwa yilezi:

• Thuthukisa Umsebenzi Wezimoto: Ukwelapha ngokomzimba, ukwelapha emsebenzini, kanye nezinsiza zokusiza (isb., izihambisi nama-brace) kungasiza ukuthuthukisa amandla emisipha, ukusebenzisana, nokuhamba.
• Thuthukisa Ukuxhumana: Ukwelapha ngolimi kungabhekana nokukhuluma, ulimi, kanye ukugwinya ubunzima, ukunika abantu amandla okuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo.
• Thuthukisa Ukuzimela: Ukwelapha emsebenzini kugxile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ansuku zonke, njengokuzinakekela, ukugqugquzela ukuzimela okukhulu kanye nezinga lempilo.
• Lawula Izinkinga: Imithi, ukuhlinzwa, nokunye ukungenelela kungase kubhekane nezinkinga ezithile, ezinjengokuqina kwemisipha, ukuquleka, noma ukukhubazeka kwamalunga.
• Sekela Impilo Engokomzwelo: Ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo kanye namaqembu okusekela angasiza abantu abane-cerebral palsy ukulawula izinselele zemizwa nezenhlalo abangase babhekane nazo.

Uhlelo lokwelapha lwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo ngokwezidingo ezihlukile zomuntu futhi lungase luguquke njengoba amakhono nezinselele zomuntu kushintsha.

Prevention

Nakuba ingekho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-cerebral palsy ngokuphelele, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezinganciphisa ubungozi futhi zithuthukise imiphumela, njenge:

• Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha: Ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokubeletha, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa njalo, ukuhlolelwa izifo, nokulawula izimo zempilo kamama, kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Ukunakekelwa Kokubeletha: Ukuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuseqophelweni eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokubeletha nokubeletha, okuhlanganisa ukuqashelwa ngokushesha nokuphathwa kwezinkinga, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kobuchopho okungase kuholele ekukhubazekeni kobuchopho.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwezinsana: Intuthuko ekunakekelweni okujulile kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ezifana nokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa nge-surfactant kanye i-hypothermia ukwelashwa, kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphila kanye nemiphumela yezingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nokukhubazeka kobuchopho.
• Ukungenelela Kwangaphambi kwesikhathi: Ukuhlonzwa ngesikhathi kokubambezeleka kokukhula noma izimpawu ze-cerebral palsy, okulandelwa izinhlelo zokungenelela kusenesikhathi, kungasiza ukukhulisa amandla engane futhi kunciphise umthelela wesimo.

Isiphetho

I-Cerebral palsy yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esiletha izinselele eziyingqayizivele futhi esinikeza amathuba okukhula, ukuqina, kanye nokuhlonyiswa. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene, izimbangela, kanye nezinkinga ze-cerebral palsy, singasebenzela ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa okuphelele nokusekelwa kubantu abathintekile yilesi sifo.
Ngentuthuko ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha, ukungenelela kusenesikhathi, kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukene, abantu abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo bangavula amathuba amasha futhi baphile izimpilo ezigculisayo. Ngokwamukela amandla namakhono abo ahlukile nokudala indawo ebandakanya wonke umuntu, singabasiza bachume futhi bafinyelele amandla abo aphelele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. I-cerebral palsy ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-Cerebral palsy yisimo sezinzwa sempilo yonke, njengoba ukulimala kobuchopho okusibangelayo kuhlala unomphela. Nokho, ubukhulu bezimpawu nomthelela ekuphileni komuntu kungahluka kakhulu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, abantu abaningi abane-cerebral palsy bangaphila ukuphila okuzimele.

2. Ingabe ingane ene-cerebral palsy ingakwazi ukukhuluma?

Yebo, izingane eziningi ezine-cerebral palsy zingakhuluma, nakuba ezinye zingase zibe nezinselele zokukhuluma nokukhulumisana. Ukwelashwa ngolimi kungabhekana nalezi zinkinga futhi kunikeze abantu amandla okuxhumana ngokuphumelelayo.

3. Ingabe i-cerebral palsy ibuhlungu?

I-cerebral palsy ingahlotshaniswa nobuhlungu ngenxa yokuqina kwemisipha, ukukhubazeka kwamalunga, nezinye izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo wobuhlungu ungahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Ukulawula ubuhlungu obusebenzayo, kuhlanganise nemithi, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, nokunye ukungenelela, kungasiza ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo.