Imithambo Evalekile Ebuchosheni (I-Stroke): Izimbangela, Izinto Eziyingozi, kanye Nokwelashwa

Ubuchopho yisitho esikhulu somzimba womuntu esilawula imisebenzi yezinye izitho zomzimba. Umthambo we-carotid utholakala ohlangothini ngalunye lwentamo futhi lezi zinikeza igazi ebuchosheni. Uma kukhona ukuvaleka kunoma yimuphi wemithambo ye-carotid, ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi ebuchosheni kuyaphazamiseka. Lesi yisizathu esivame kakhulu sohlangothi. 

Izimbangela Zokuvala Imithambo Ebuchosheni

Imbangela eyinhloko yokuvaleka kwemithambo ebuchosheni ukwakheka koqweqwe emithanjeni. Ama-plaque angase akheke ngamaprotheni, amafutha, i-calcium, namangqamuzana angcolile. 

Ukwakheka kwama-plaque kunciphisa imithambo, futhi imithambo izoba lukhuni futhi ingaguquguquki kancane. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Imithambo evalekile ingase ivele ngenxa yezinye izifo ezingalimaza imithambo.

Izimpawu Zemithambo Evalekile Ebuchosheni (BE-FAST)

Umuntu angase abe nezimpawu kuphela lapho imithambo ivaleka. Umuntu angashaywa unhlangothi lapho imithambo enikeza ubuchopho ivaleka ngokuphelele. Umuntu angase abe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokuvaleka kobuchopho ngenxa yokushaywa unhlangothi kungazelelwe:

• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda
• Ubuthakathaka emilenzeni, ezingalweni, nasebusweni
• Isiyezi kanye ne-vertigo
• Ukwehla kobuso ohlangothini olulodwa
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu ekhanda

Uyisula Kanjani Imithambo Evaliwe Ngaphandle Kokuhlinzwa?

Ukusula imithambo evalekile ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi kungafinyelelwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nemithi. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila kubandakanya ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo okunenhliziyo ephansi ngamafutha agcwele, i-cholesterol, nesodium, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukuyeka ugwayi, ukulawula ukucindezeleka, nokulawula ezinye izimo zempilo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, nokukhuluphala. Imithi enjengama-statins, izidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet, kanye ne-blood thinners ingase inqunywe ukulawula amazinga e-cholesterol, ukuvimbela amahlule egazi, nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi.
 

Ubucayi Kangakanani Umthambo Ovaliwe Ebuchosheni?

Umthambo ovalekile osebuchosheni yisimo esinzima esingaholela ekushayweni. Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi eliya ebuchosheni kuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuvaleka, amangqamuzana obuchopho angalimala noma afe emizuzwini embalwa. Ubukhulu bokuvinjwa bunquma izinga lomonakalo kanye nezimpawu eziwumphumela.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Eziyisixwayiso Zemithambo Evalekile?

Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zemithambo evalekile (i-atherosclerosis) zingahluka kuye ngemithambo ethintekile. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi (i-angina), ukuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki ezithweni, ubuhlungu bentamo, umhlathi, umphimbo, noma isisu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Ingabe Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithambo kungahamba Ngokwemvelo?

Izinto Eziyingozi Emithanjeni Evalekile Ebuchosheni

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola imithambo evalekile. Izici eziyingozi zokuvaleka komthambo ovalekile noma ovimbekile ebuchosheni zifaka okulandelayo:

• Abantu abaphethwe wumfutho wegazi ophakeme basengozini enkulu ngoba umfutho wegazi ophezulu wenza imithambo ibe buthaka, ngenxa yalokho imithambo ingalimala kalula. 
• I-cholesterol ephezulu yegazi ingesinye isici esiyingozi sokubangela ukuvaleka kwemithambo ebuchosheni.
• Abantu abahlushwa ushukela ophezulu egazini nabo basengozini enkulu. Ushukela ophezulu wegazi ungabangela umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nengozi yokwakheka kwama-plaque.
• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuyisici esiyingozi esikhulayo somfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo sikashukela okwandisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis noma imithambo evalekile. 
• Ukungawuvivinyi umzimba kuyimbangela enkulu yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala, noshukela ophezulu futhi kungandisa ingozi yokuvaleka kwemithambo. 
• Abantu ababhemayo nabo basengozini enkulu yokuvaleka kwemithambo.
• Ukukhula kweminyaka nakho kuyingozi ngoba, kubantu asebekhulile, imithambo iyaqina futhi ingalimaza kalula.
• Abantu abanomlando wokushaywa unhlangothi emndenini basengozini enkulu yokuhlushwa imithambo evalekile. 

Ukwelashwa Kwemithambo Evalekile Ebuchosheni

The ukwelashwa komthambo ovalekile osebuchosheni kuyehluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ukwelashwa kusekelwe ezimpawini kanye nokuthi umuntu uke washaywa unhlangothi noma cha. 

Uma imithambo ivaleke kancane futhi kuxilongwa ngaphambi kokuba umuntu ashaywe yisifo sohlangothi, udokotela uzoluleka lowo muntu ukuthi enze izinguquko endleleni yokuphila okuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Umuntu kufanele ayeke ukubhema ukuze anciphise amathuba okuba noqwembe emithanjeni.
• Umuntu kufanele azivocavoce njalo ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba nokugcina isisindo somzimba esivamile. Ukuzivocavoca kusiza futhi ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi nokulawula ushukela wegazi.
• Umuntu kufanele adle ukudla okunempilo, okuhlanganisa imifino eluhlaza nezithelo, ukuze athuthukise amasosha omzimba.
• Umuntu kufanele alawule izinkinga zempilo ezingapheli njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela ngokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha (okungahlaseli) kwemithambo evalekile: Izinto ezinciphisa igazi (anti-thrombotic agents) zivame ukusetshenziselwa unhlangothi oluncane kuya kolumaphakathi 

Ukwelashwa okuhlinzayo (Okuhlaselayo) kwemithambo evalekile: Uma umuntu ehlushwa isifo sohlangothi esibi kakhulu, udokotela uzokweluleka ngokwelashwa okuhlaselayo. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokususa ukuvaleka emithanjeni evalekile. 

I-Carotid Endarterectomy: Ngale ndlela, udokotela uzokunikeza i-anesthesia yendawo noma evamile futhi uzokwenza i-incision entanyeni. Udokotela uzokhipha ukuvaleka komthambo ngemva kokuwuvula. Umthambo uzothungwa. 

I-Stent ku-artery: Enye indlela esetshenziswa ekwelapheni imithambo evalekile ukufaka i-stent emthanjeni. Lolu khetho lufanele abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuhlinzwa noma abahlushwa ezinye izinkinga zempilo. Ngale ndlela, udokotela uzosebenzisa ibhaluni ukuze anwebe umthambo bese efaka i-stent ukugcina umthambo uvuleke kakhulu. 

Izinkinga Zemithambo Evalekile Ebuchosheni

Imithambo evalekile ebuchosheni ingaholela ezinkingeni ezimbalwa, ezihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nokuncipha kokugeleza kwegazi kanye nokunikezwa komoyampilo kumangqamuzana obuchopho. Ezinye zezinkinga ezinkulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Ischemic Stroke: Ihlule elakheke ngaphakathi komthambo omncane owumngcingo lingavimba ukugeleza kwegazi ukuya engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho, kubangele ukushoda kwemizwa kungazelelwe njengokukhubazeka, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma izinkinga zokubona.
• I-Embolic Stroke: Ukuqhekeka kwe-plaque emithanjeni yobuchopho kungakhulula amahlule egazi, okungase kudlulele emithanjeni yegazi emincane ebuchosheni, kubangele ukuvaleka futhi kuholele ekushayweni kwe-embolic.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo: Ukwehliswa okungapheli kokugeleza kwegazi kungaholela ekwehleni kwengqondo, izinkinga zenkumbulo, nobunzima bokucubungula ulwazi noma ukwenza izinqumo.
• I-Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs): Lezi iziqephu ezimfushane zezimpawu ezinjenge-stroke ezibangelwa ukuvaleka kwesikhashana emithanjeni yobuchopho. Ama-TIA ayizimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokushaywa unhlangothi okukhulu okungenzeka.
• Ukuwohloka komqondo: Imithambo evalekile isikhathi eside kanye nokugeleza kwegazi okunciphile kungase kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kokuwohloka komqondo kwemithambo, uhlobo lokuwohloka komqondo okubangelwa izinkinga zokuphakelwa kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• I-Aneurysm: Kwezinye izimo, imithambo evalekile ingenza buthaka izindonga zomkhumbi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-aneurysms, okungamaqhubu angaqhuma futhi abangele ukopha okusongela ukuphila ebuchosheni.

Ukuvimbela Imithambo Evalekile Ebuchosheni

Ukuvimbela imithambo evalekile ebuchosheni kuhilela ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokulawula izici eziyingozi ezibangela ukwakheka kwe-arterial plaque. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvikela:

• Ukudla Okunempilo: Landela ukudla okulinganiselayo okunamafutha aphansi nanamafutha, i-cholesterol, nesodium. Gxila ezithelweni, imifino, okusanhlamvu, amaprotheni amancane, namafutha anempilo njengalawo atholakala kumantongomane, imbewu, namafutha omnqumo.
• Ukuzivocavoca Okuvamile: Zibandakanye ekuzilolongeni okuvamile, njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma ukuvocavoca umzimba. Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kusiza ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuvaleka kwemithambo.
• Ungabhemi: Ukubhema kulimaza imithambo futhi kwandisa ingozi yokwakheka kwama-plaque. Ukuyeka ukubhema kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvimbela imithambo evalekile nezinye izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• Lawula Umfutho Wegazi: Gcina umfutho wegazi ungaphakathi kwebanga elinempilo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila futhi, uma kunesidingo, ngemithi enqunywe uchwepheshe wezempilo.
• Lawula Amazinga e-Cholesterol: Gada amazinga e-cholesterol njalo futhi uwalawule ngokushintsha ukudla, ukuvivinya umzimba, kanye nemithi uma welulekwa udokotela.
• Phatha isifo sikashukela: Uma unesifo sikashukela, sebenzisana nethimba lakho lezempilo ukuze ulawule amazinga kashukela egazini ngendlela efanele ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuvaleka kwemithambo.
• Gcina Isisindo Esinempilo: Hlela ukuzuza nokugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokuhlanganiswa kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokuvivinya umzimba okuvamile.
• Nciphisa Ukuphuza Utshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, kwenze ngokulinganisela. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi futhi kubangele ukuvaleka kwemithambo.
• Phatha Ingcindezi: Ukucindezeleka okungapheli kungaba nomthelela empilweni yenhliziyo. Zijwayeze amasu okuphumuza njengokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukuphefumula okujulile ukuze unciphise amazinga okucindezeleka.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Okuvamile: Njalo vakashela uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uhlolwe njalo futhi uhlolwe ukuze ugade impilo yakho yonke futhi uhlonze noma yiziphi izici ezingaba yingozi kusenesikhathi.

I-Outlook Yabantu Abahlushwa Imithambo Evalekile Ebuchosheni

Umbono we imithambo evalekile ebuchosheni kuzoncika ebunzimeni benkinga. Abantu abasengozini yokuthola imithambo evalekile bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa indlela yabo yokuphila ukuze balondoloze impilo engcono. 

• Abantu abanesifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu kufanele bahlole umfutho wegazi labo njalo.
• Abantu abahlushwa ushukela ophezulu wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol kufanele bahlole ushukela wabo wegazi kanye ne-cholesterol njalo.
• Kufanele baye kolunye ukuhlolwa njengenjwayelo ukuze basheshe baxilonge isimo bese bethatha ukwelashwa okufanele.

Sengiphetha, imithambo evalekile ebuchosheni ingaba yingozi futhi ingaveza imiphumela eyingozi. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele aqaphele izimpawu futhi kufanele enze izinguquko ezidingekayo zokuphila ukuze anciphise ingozi yokuvaleka kwemithambo. Abantu abasengozini kufanele babonane nodokotela njalo ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa.