I-Congenital Heart Disease: Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nezinketho Zokwelashwa

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso sithinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwenhliziyo, futhi sikhona kusukela ekuzalweni. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkinga zokuzalwa. Ezinganeni eziyi-1000 ezizalwa ziphila, izingane eziyi-8-10 zingaba nesifo senhliziyo ezizalwa nazo. Cishe i-20-25% yazo ingadinga ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo/ukungenelela onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila. Ngokuvamile, izifo zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu.

• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa yiCyanotic: Lesi simo sibizwa nangokuthi i-blue baby defect. Lesi sifo sithinta inhliziyo futhi kunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo otholwa umzimba.
• Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa yi-acyanotic: Kulesi simo, igazi liqukethe umoya-mpilo owanele, kodwa ugeleza emzimbeni ngendlela engavamile. Igazi nomoya-mpilo kulethwa kuwo wonke umzimba ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa yila maphutha.
• Izifo zenhliziyo ze-Acyanotic: Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungenzeka ngenxa yezimbobo zenhliziyo, imithambo emikhulu, izinkinga zamavalvu noma inkinga ngokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Kuzo zonke izinkinga, imbobo ku-septum engezansi, okungukuthi i-ventricular septum, ivame kakhulu kuzo zonke. Uma seselashiwe, isifo senhliziyo esi-acyanotic sinokuphila okuvamile.

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo esizalwa nazo

Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa zincike ohlotsheni lwesilonda, ubukhulu noma ubunzima benkinga. Izingane eziningi ezinesifo senhliziyo i-acynotic azibonisi noma yiziphi izimpawu, noma zithunyelwa ngochwepheshe bezingane ngenxa yokuba khona kwemisindo eyengeziwe evela enhliziyweni (ukububula). Amaphutha amaphakathi, ngisho noma angabangeli izinkinga ngokushesha, angaba nzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kungase kubonise izimpawu zisencane noma zisewusana. Uma kungelashwa, ukukhubazeka okukhudlwana kungase kubangele umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu ( pulmonary hypertension ), okungase kuphazamise ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kwalesi sifo noma kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo ngenxa yokwanda komthwalo enhliziyweni. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zibonwa ku-acyanotic Isifo senhliziyo iziguli,

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ayikwazi ukukhuluphala
• Ukukhathala ngokuzikhandla
• Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe komzila womoya namaphaphu
• Isiyezi/ ukuquleka

Ezinsaneni, ubunzima bokudla kanye nokujuluka phezu kwebunzi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu. Endabeni ye-cyanotic heart disease, ingane yakho ingase ibe nezimpawu ezifana nalezi;

• Ukucasuka ngokweqile
• Ukushintsha umbala oluhlaza kwesikhumba nezinzipho zesandla nezinyawo
• Ukuquleka/ ukuquleka
• Ukwehluleka ukukhuluphala.

Yini ebangela isifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa?

Izimbangela zokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa aziqondi ngokugcwele ososayensi. Kuyisifo esinezici eziningi, esingase sihlotshaniswe nezici zikamama, zengane, noma zofuzo. Uma ingane yakini/isihlobo esiseduze sithintekile ngesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa, amathuba okuthi enye ingane ithole isifo senhliziyo angu-3-5%. Futhi, ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwaphakamisa ukuthi zihlobene;

• Izifo zomama ezifana ne-toxoplasma, rubella
• Izimo zezempilo zomama ezifana nesifo sikashukela i-mellitus, i-phenylketonuria
• Ukuntuleka kwe-folic acid kumama
• Izimbangela zofuzo/izinkinga ze-chromosomal ezifana ne-Down syndrome, i-William syndrome, i-DiGeorge syndrome

Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso kungaxilongwa ngezindlela eziningana. Uma umntwana esedluliselwe kudokotela wezifo zenhliziyo wezingane ukuze ahlolwe, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungase kwelulekwe ukuze kuxilongwe;

• I-X-ray yesifuba ivumela odokotela ukuthi babone ukuthi kukhona yini ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo senhliziyo namaphaphu ngaphakathi kwesifuba.
• I-electrocardiogram (EMG noma i-ECG) ikala umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-echocardiogram isetshenziselwa ukubona ukwakheka nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Iphephile futhi ifana ne-ultrasound. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu kokuxilongwa kwenhliziyo. Uma ulwazi olwengeziwe ludingeka, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungase kwelulekwe enganeni yakho.
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo: - Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola ukwakheka kwenhliziyo nezingcindezi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi isiguli esithile siyasebenza noma cha. Kwesinye isikhathi, isetshenziselwa ukuvala izimbobo/ukuxhumana okwengeziwe ngaphakathi/ ngaphandle kwenhliziyo.
• Inhliziyo ye-CT/MRI: - Lezi zivivinyo zisetshenziswa uma zonke lezi zivivinyo ezingenhla zingaphelele noma kudingeka ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nenhliziyo nezakhiwo zayo.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo esizalwa nakho

Izifo zenhliziyo ze-cyanotic zidinga ukuhlinzwa noma ukungenelela kukachwepheshe wenhliziyo e-Hyderabad ekuqaleni kwempilo. Izingane ezine-acyanotic heart disease encane zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo ezizalwa nazo noma zingaphathwa ngemithi. Ingane enokukhubazeka okumaphakathi noma okukhulu ingase idinge ukuhlinzwa/izinqubo zokungenelela. Namuhla, imbobo enhliziyweni ingavalwa kusetshenziswa ipulaki efana nesambulela noma amavalvu avaliwe angavulwa ngebhaluni. Izingane eziningi ezingasebenzi zingase zidinge imithi yesikhathi eside noma zingabhaliswa ukufakelwa inhliziyo/ amaphaphu enhliziyo.