I-COPD: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

I-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (noma i-COPD) yisimo samaphaphu esithinta ukuphefumula komuntu. Abantu abaneCOPD bakuthola kunzima ukuphefumula ngendlela evamile, futhi njengoba isifo siqhubeka, ukwenza imisebenzi elula yansuku zonke nakho kungaba nzima.

I-COPD isiphetho sezinkinga ezimbalwa zamaphaphu ezahlukene. Ukwengeza, abantu abane-COPD bangaba ne-Emphysema, I-Chronic Bronchitis, noma kokubili. 

• I-Emphysema ibhekisela ekulimaleni kwe-alveoli noma amasaka omoya emaphashini. Lokhu kubangela ukulimala kwezindonga ezingaphakathi kuzo futhi kubangele ukuthi zihlangane zibe yisaka elilodwa elikhulu lomoya. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-alveoli ayikwazi ukumunca umoya-mpilo ngendlela efanele. Kuphinde kubangele ukuthi umoya ubambeke ngaphakathi emaphashini, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• I-bronchitis engapheli, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yisimo lapho amafinyila akheka khona emaphashini, futhi amaphaphu angakwazi ukulikhipha.

Yiziphi Izinkinga ze-COPD?

Izinkinga ze-COPD zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema ugwayi kuyimbangela enkulu yeCOPD. I-COPD empeleni ilapho amaphaphu echayeka kumagesi acasulayo noma izinhlayiyana isikhathi eside. 
• Kungaba ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingozi zomsebenzi futhi. 
• Abantu abahogela intuthu kagwayi nabo basengozini yokuba ne-COPD ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukungcoliswa komoya nakho kungaba nomthelela ku-COPD. 
• Esinye isizathu sokuthuthukisa i-COPD isifo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT).

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-COPD?

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-COPD zihlobene nezinkinga zokuphefumula.

• Ukuphelelwa umoya. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuzivocavoca okuncane noma ngisho naphakathi kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke. 
• Ukushisa
• Ukuqina esifubeni
• Izifo zokuphefumula njalo
• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli okunamafinyila acacile, amhlophe, noma aluhlaza. 

Ezinye izimpawu ze-COPD zingase zibe:

• Izinzipho Eziluhlaza
• Ukuntuleka Kwamandla
• Ukwehla Kwesisindo Okungahlosiwe 
• Amaqakala Avuvukele, Izinyawo noma Imilenze

Izinkinga ze-COPD

I-COPD ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningana, kuhlanganise:

• Ukwanda kokungenwa yizifo zokuphefumula: Abantu abaneCOPD basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zokuphefumula ezinjengomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya. Lezi zifo zingandisa ubunzima bokuphefumula futhi zingabangela omunye umonakalo emaphashini.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo: I-COPD ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yesifo senhliziyo, kuhlanganise nokuhlasela kwenhliziyo. Nakuba izizathu eziqondile zalesi sixhumanisi zingaqondwa ngokugcwele, ukucindezeleka ohlelweni lwenhliziyo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwamaphaphu kungase kube nomthelela ezinkingeni ezihlobene nenhliziyo.
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu: Abantu abane-COPD basengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kanye nokulimala kwezicubu zamaphaphu okubangelwa yi-COPD kungandisa amathuba okuba nezinguquko zomdlavuza emaphashini.
• I-Hypertension yamaphaphu: I-COPD ingaholela ekukhuphukeni kwegazi emithanjeni ehambisa igazi emaphashini, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi yi-pulmonary hypertension. Lokhu kubeka umthwalo owengeziwe enhliziyweni nasemaphashini, okwenza ukuphefumula kube inselele nakakhulu.
• Ukucindezeleka: Ubunzima bokuphefumula obuhlobene ne-COPD bungakhawulela ikhono lomuntu lokuzibandakanya emisebenzini abake bayijabulela, okuholela ekunciphiseni izinga lokuphila. Ukubhekana nesifo esingamahlalakhona nesibi kakhulu njenge-COPD nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwakhiweni kokudangala.

Izici zobungozi ze-COPD

Ukuqonda lezi zici zobungozi kubalulekile kukho kokubili ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokuvimbela i-COPD. Nazi izici ezibalulekile zobungozi ze-COPD:

• Ukubhema: Ukubhema ugwayi kuyisici esiyingozi kakhulu esibalelwa ku-80-90% wazo zonke izimo ze-COPD. Amakhemikhali ayingozi entuthu kagwayi ayacasula futhi alimaza imigudu yomoya nezicubu zamaphaphu, okuholela ekuvuvukeni okungapheli kanye nokuvinjwa kokuhamba komoya. Ababhemayo basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuba ne-COPD kunabangabhemi, futhi ingozi iyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuqina kokubhema.
• Intuthu kagwayi: Ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukubhema ugwayi noma intuthu kagwayi yemvelo, kungenye into eyingozi enkulu ye-COPD. Ukuphefumula intuthu kagwayi wabanye abantu, osikilidi, noma amapayipi nakho kungabangela ukulimala kwamaphaphu futhi kwandise ingozi yokuba ne-COPD, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangabhemi.
• Ukuchayeka emsebenzini: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezingcolisayo zasemsebenzini kanye nothuli, njengamakhemikhali, umusi, amagesi, nezinhlayiya ezinhle, kungandisa ingozi yeCOPD. Izimboni ezifana nezimayini, ezokwakha, ezolimo, kanye nezokukhiqiza zihlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nengozi enkulu yokuba ne-COPD ngenxa yokuchayeka ezingozini zomsebenzi.
• Ukungcoliswa komoya: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekungcolisweni komoya wangaphandle, njengezinhlayiyana, i-ozone, namanye amagesi anobuthi, kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni nasekubhebhethekeni kwe-COPD. Ukungcoliswa komoya wasendlini okuvela ekushisweni kwezinto zokubasa eziqinile, njengezinkuni namalahle, ukupheka nokufudumeza ezindlini ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile nakho kuyisici esiyingozi.
• Izici zofuzo: Abanye abantu banezakhi zofuzo ezibenza babe sengozini ye-COPD. Ukushoda kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin yisimo esinjalo sofuzo esingandisa ingozi yokuba ne-COPD, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangabhemi noma labo abanomlando omncane wokubhema.
• Izifo zokuphefumula: Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe noma okunzima kokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sobuntwana, kungaholela ekulimaleni kwamaphaphu futhi kwandise ingozi yeCOPD kamuva ekuphileni. Amagciwane afana nenyumoniya kanye ne-bronchitis angabangela ukuvuvukala kanye nezibazi emigwaqweni yomoya, okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-COPD.
• Isifuba Somoya: Abantu abanomlando wesifuba somoya bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuba ne-COPD uma isifuba somoya sabo singalawuleki kahle noma bechayeke ezicini eziyingozi ezengeziwe njengokubhema noma izingozi zomsebenzi.
• Ubudala: Nakuba i-COPD ingenzeka kunoma ibuphi ubudala, ivame ukutholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-40. Njengoba abantu bekhula, ukusebenza kwamaphaphu abo ngokwemvelo kuyehla, okubenza babe sengozini yokukhula kwe-COPD, ikakhulukazi uma benezinye izici eziyingozi.

I-COPD itholakala kanjani?

I-COPD ivame ukutholakala ngendlela engafanele ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngokuvamile kutholakala kusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kweLung okuwukuhlola ukuphefumula okulula okubizwa ngokuthi i-spirometry. Udokotela angase futhi enze lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo uma unobunzima obungapheli bokuphefumula:

• Ukuhlaziywa kwegesi yegazi le-arterial
• I-X-ray yesifuba
• CT scan
• Ukuhlolwa kwelabhulali 

Yelashwa kanjani i-COPD?

Ukwelashwa kunikezwa ukusiza ngokuphefumula, ukukhulula izimpawu, kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokuphila yonke. Ukwelashwa okujwayeleke kakhulu ukuqale uyeke ukubhema kanye nokuchayeka kunoma iyiphi into eyingozi. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• Imithi: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-bronchodilator nama-oral & inhaled steroid.
• Ukwelashwa kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa komoyampilo kanye nohlelo lokuvuselela amaphaphu.
• I-Non-invasive Ventilation Therapy: Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuphefumula efana ne-Bilevel-Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP).
• Ukuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kuyinketho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa kokunciphisa umthamo wamaphaphu, ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu, kanye ne-bullectomy.

Iziguli zingase futhi zibe nezikhathi zokuqubuka noma ukushuba lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi, futhi kuzodingeka zilaliswe esibhedlela ukuze zelashwe. 

Singayivimbela kanjani i-COPD?

Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela i-COPD ukuthi ingathuthuki. Futhi, gwema izindawo kanye nemisebenzi eholela ekuchayekeni kunoma iyiphi into eyingozi. Labo asebenayo i-COPD kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze bavimbele ukuqhubeka kwezifo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinye izifo.

I-COPD yisifo esibi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa, iziguli ze-COPD ziyaqhubeka nempilo enhle ngenkathi zilawula izimpawu zazo.