Ngiyaqala ngqa ukuba negazi ekukhwehleleni ekuseni; kufanele kube yini ukwelashwa?

Ukuba negazi ngemva kokukhwehlela ekuseni ngokokuqala ngqá kungaba wuphawu oludinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Ungazibi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisana negazi lapho ukhwehlela, njengobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli, futhi wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

I-Hemoptysis (Ukukhwehlela Igazi): Izimbangela, Ukwelashwa kanye Namakhambi Asekhaya

Kubuyekezwe ngomhla ka-29 February 2024

Ukukhwehlela kuwuphawu oluvamile oluhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo izimo zokuphefumula. Nakuba ukukhwehlela okuningi kungenangozi futhi kuzixazulula ngokwakho, ukukhwehlela igazi kungaba imbangela yokukhathazeka. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-hemoptysis, singethusa futhi singase sibonise inkinga yezempilo ecashile.

Kuyini Ukukhwehlela Igazi?

Igazi ekukhwehleleni libizwa ngokuthi i-hemoptysis, okubhekisela ekuphumeni kwegazi emgudwini wokuphefumula. Igazi lingase liphume emaphashini, bronchi, trachea, noma emphinjeni. Ingasukela enanini legazi elincane kufinyila iye emalini amakhulu abonakala ebomvu ngokugqamile noma amnyama futhi amahlule. Ukukhwehlela igazi kungaba okuhlangenwe nakho okucindezelayo, kokubili ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo, futhi akufanele kushaywe indiva.

Ingabe Igazi Ngesikhathi Ukhwehlela Libi?

Ukukhwehlela igazi kungaba wuphawu oluphathelene nesimo esibucayi esingaphansi. Nakuba ingabonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isimo esisongela ukuphila, kubalulekile ukunquma izinkinga zempilo eziwumsuka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okufanele. Ubunzima besimo buncike esilinganisweni segazi elikhwehleleyo, imvamisa yokwenzeka, kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izimpawu. Uma ubhekene negazi ku-phlegm ngaphandle kokukhwehlela, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze akuhlole futhi welashwe.

Ziyini Izimbangela Zegazi Ekukhwehleleni?

Kunezimbangela ezimbalwa ezingase zibe khona zokukhwehlela iphlegm ngegazi, kusukela kokuncane kuye kokuqina. Okulandelayo ezinye zezizathu ezingaba khona zokukhwehlela igazi:

Izifo Zokuphefumula: Izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis, inyumoniya, noma isifo sofuba singacasula imigudu yomoya futhi sibangele igazi ukuba lihlangane nephlegm ekhwehlele.
Izimo zamaphaphu: Izimo ezingapheli, njenge-bronchitis engapheli, i-emphysema, noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu, zingaholela ku-hemoptysis. Umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi, ungase ubangele ukopha ngenxa yezimila noma ukuguguleka kwemithambo yegazi.
I-Trauma: Isifuba noma ukulimala kwemigudu yokuphefumula kungaholela ekukhwehleleni igazi. Lokhu kungabandakanya izimbambo eziphukile, amaphaphu abhoboziwe, noma ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi.
Izifo Zokujiya Kwegazi: Izimo ezithile ezithintayo ukugcwala kwegazi, njenge-pulmonary embolism noma ukuphazamiseka kokujiyisa, kungabangela igazi ukuthi livele kumafinyila akhwehlele.
Imithi: Eminye imithi, njengama-anticoagulants noma imithi enciphisa igazi, ingakhuphula ingozi yokopha futhi, ibangele ukukhwehlela igazi.

Kuholela kanjani egazini ekukhwehleleni?

Igazi ekukhwehleleni lingenzeka uma okuthile kubangela umonakalo noma ukucasuka emaphashini noma emgudwini wokuphefumula. Nansi indlela okungaholela ngayo egazini:

Amagciwane: Amagciwane afana nenyumoniya noma i-bronchitis angavutha imigudu yomoya futhi aholele ekopheni.
Izimo Ezingamahlalakhona: Izifo ezifana ne-COPD noma isifuba somoya zingabangela ukukhwehlela okukhulu okungase kubangele ukuphuka kwemithambo emincane yegazi.
Umdlavuza: Izimila emaphashini zingabangela ukopha, okubonakala ekukhwehleleni kwakho.
Ukulimala: Ukuhlukumezeka esifubeni noma emaphashini kungabangela ukopha.
Amahlule Egazi: Ihlule emaphashini (i-pulmonary embolism) lingaholela ekukhwehleleni igazi.
Izinkinga ze-Vascular: Imithambo yegazi engavamile emaphashini ingabangela ukopha.

Singayihlola kanjani i-Hemoptysis?

Uma uveza izimpawu zokukhwehlela igazi, yakho umhlinzeki wezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlola okuphelele ukuze kutholakale imbangela ewumsuka. Le nqubo ingase ihlanganise:

Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzobuza imibuzo ehlukahlukene mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa noma yiziphi izimo zokuphefumula, izifo zamaphaphu zangaphambilini, noma ukuchayeka ezicini eziyingozi ezinjengokubhema noma ukungcola kwemvelo.
Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzohlola umzimba ngokuphelele egxile kakhulu ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula. Kungase kuhlanganise ukulalela amaphaphu akho nge-stethoscope nokuhlola izinto ezingavamile.

I-Hemoptysis ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngenani legazi esikhwehlela njenge:

Okuncane <50ml
Okulingene 50ml-100ml
Kakhulu> 100ml-500ml

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga: Udokotela wakho angase alawule ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze anqume imbangela ye-hemoptysis yakho, kuhlanganise:

I-X-ray yesifuba: Lokhu kuhlola kwesithombe kungasiza ekuhlonzeni noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwamaphaphu noma kwendlela yomoya.
I-Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: I-CT scan inikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yamaphaphu akho, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana.
I-Bronchoscopy: Le nqubo ibona ngeso lengqondo noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle noma ukuphuma.
Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungase kuhlole impilo yakho yonke futhi kuhlonze noma yiziphi izimo eziyisisekelo noma ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.
Isikhwehlela: Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza izifo ezingase zibe khona noma ezinye izinkinga eziwumsuka.
I-Biopsy: Odokotela bangase banikeze i-biopsy uma kwenzeka unomdlavuza noma ezinye izifo.

Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Ezihlukene Ze-Hemoptysis?

Ukwelashwa kuncike kakhulu ezizatho zokukhwehlela igazi. Uma imbangela ethile isitholakele, udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu ngamunye. Ezinye izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:

Imithi: Uma imbangela yegazi ekukhwehleleni kuwukutheleleka, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze ama-antibiotics. Uma isimo samaphaphu esifana ne-bronchitis engapheli sikhona, i-bronchodilator noma i-corticosteroids ingase isetshenziselwe ukulawula izimpawu.
Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzwa: Odokotela bangenza ukuhlinzwa ezimeni lapho isimila noma okungavamile kuyisizathu sokukhwehlela igazi ku-phlegm.
Ukunakekelwa Okusekelayo: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo kubalulekile ukulawula izimpawu nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa. Kungase kuhlanganise ezinye izindlela ezifana nokuphumula, ukufakwa kwamanzi emzimbeni, nokugwema izinto ezicasulayo njengentuthu noma izinto ezingcolisayo.

Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhwehlela igazi?

Igazi eliphuma emaphashini noma emgudwini wokuphefumula ngokuvamile libukeka ligcwele amagwebu ngoba lihlangana nomoya kanye namafinyila. Kungaba umbala wokugqwala noma obomvu ngokugqamile, futhi amafinyila angase angcoliswe igazi noma abe nemivimbo yegazi.

Ukopha emlonyeni, njengokusikeka, kuhlukile nokukhwehlela igazi. Ungase ubone ukopha emlonyeni lapho uxubha amazinyo noma ngemva kokudla.

Yiziphi izifo ezibangela igazi ekukhwehleleni?

Igazi ekukhwehleleni lingabangelwa izimo eziningana, ezihlanganisa:

I-Bronchitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya okungakwenza ukhwehlele igazi.
I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka emaphashini okungase kubangele ukukhwehlela igazi.
I-Tuberculosis (TB): Isifo esiyingozi samaphaphu esingaholela ekukhwehleleni igazi.
Lung Cancer: Izimila emaphashini zingadala igazi ekukhwehleleni.
I-Pulmonary Embolism: Ihlule legazi emaphashini lingabangela ukukhwehlela igazi.
I-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Ukulimala kwamaphaphu isikhathi eside kungaholela ekukhwehleleni igazi.
Cystic Fibrosis: Isifo sofuzo esidala amafinyila aminyene emaphashini, okuholela ekopheni.
I-Autoimmune Diseases: Izimo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela umzimba, athinte amaphaphu futhi abangele ukopha.
Ukuhlukumezeka: Ukulimala esifubeni noma emaphashini kungaholela ekukhwehleleni igazi.
I-Vascular Abnormalities: Izinkinga ngemithambo yegazi emaphashini zingabangela ukopha.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukukhwehlela igazi?

Ukuze uvimbele ukukhwehlela igazi, gxila ekwelapheni izimbangela nokugcina amaphaphu akho ephilile. Nawa amanye amathiphu.

Gwema Ukubhema: Ukubhema kulimaza amaphaphu futhi kwandisa ingozi yokungenwa izifo nomdlavuza. Ukuyeka ukubhema kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokukhwehlela igazi.
Lawula Izimo Ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unezimo ezingapheli njenge-bronchitis, COPD, noma isifuba somoya, landela uhlelo lokwelashwa lukadokotela wakho ukuze ugcine lezi zimo zilawulwa.
Yelapha Izifo Ngokushesha: Bhekana nezifo zokuphefumula, njengenyumoniya noma isifo sofuba, kusenesikhathi ngemithi efanele ukuze uvimbele izinkinga ezingase ziholele ekukhwehleleni igazi.
I-Stay Hydrated: Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kusiza ukugcina amafinyila azacile futhi ahlanzeke kalula emaphashini.
Zijwayeze Ukuhlanzeka Okuhle: Geza izandla zakho njalo ukuze uvimbele izifo ezingaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula.
Gwema Izinto Ezicasulayo: Gwema izinto ezicasula imvelo njengothuli, amakhemikhali, nezinto ezingcolisayo ezingalimaza amaphaphu.
Sebenzisa i-Humidifier: Ukugcina umoya unomswakama kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukucasuka emgudwini wokuphefumula.
Ukuhlola Okuvamile: Bonana nodokotela wakho njalo ukuze uhlolwe ukuze uqaphe futhi ulawule noma yiziphi izimo zempilo ezicashile.

Ungamthinta Nini Udokotela?

Nakuba ukukhwehlela igazi kungase kusabisa, akuzona zonke izimo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nokho, kubalulekile thintana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kokulandelayo:

Inani elikhulu legazi ekukhwehleleni kwakho
Iziqephu ezivamile zokukhwehlela igazi
Ukuphefumula kanzima noma ukuphelelwa umoya
Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina
Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile
Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi izimpawu zakho zidinge ukunakwa ngokushesha noma cha, kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukwenza iphutha ohlangothini lokuqapha futhi ufune iseluleko kuchwepheshe wezempilo.

Imaphi Amakhambi Asekhaya Ahlukene Egazi Ekukhwehleleni?

Nakuba ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokukhwehlela igazi kubalulekile, amanye amakhambi asekhaya angasiza ekwehliseni izimpawu futhi akhuthaze ukuphulukiswa. Amanye amakhambi avamile wasekhaya wokukhwehlela ahlanganisa:

Ukuphuza amanzi: Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, ikakhulukazi uketshezi olufudumele, njengamanzi afudumele axutshwe noju noma ama-herbal tea, kungapholisa umphimbo futhi kunciphise amafinyila.
I-Steam Inhalation: Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier noma ukuhogela isitimu emanzini ashisayo kungasiza ukumanzisa imigudu yomoya futhi kudambise ukucasuka.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lawa makhambi awathathi indawo yokwelashwa kodwa angasetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokusekela. Uma ukhwehlela igazi, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kwembangela ewumsuka futhi uthathe ukwelashwa okufanele.

Isiphetho

Ukukhwehlela igazi, noma i-hemoptysis, kungaba uphawu olucindezelayo oludinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Nakuba kungase kungabonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isimo esisongela ukuphila, kubalulekile ukunquma imbangela eyinhloko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma ukhwehlela igazi, ukufuna ukubonisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nohlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu kubalulekile. Khumbula, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela futhi kukhuthaze impilo enhle yokuphefumula.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Isho ukuthini i-hemoptysis?

Igazi ekukhwehleleni libizwa nge-hemoptysis. Kungaba ngamafinyila noma iphlegm.

2. Ngiyaqala ngqa ukukhwehlela ekuseni; kufanele kube yini ukwelashwa?

Ukuba negazi ngemva kokukhwehlela ekuseni ngokokuqala ngqá kungaba wuphawu oludinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Ungazinaki noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihambisana negazi lapho ukhwehlela, njenge ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli, futhi wazise udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

3. Yiziphi izimbangela zegazi ekukhwehleleni?

Izimbangela ezihlukahlukene, njengezifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula, izimo zamaphaphu ezingapheli (isifuba somoya esingapheli, i-COPD), izimo ezithinta imithambo yegazi emaphashini, ukulimala esifubeni, noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu, zingabangela i-hemoptysis.

4. Ingabe ukukhwehlela igazi kuyingozi?

Yebo, ukukhwehlela igazi kungaba kubi futhi kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela, ngoba kungase kube uphawu lwesimo esibucayi.

5. Ingabe i-hemoptysis ingaholela ekufeni?

I-Hemoptysis, noma ukukhwehlela igazi, kungasongela ukuphila uma kubangelwa isimo esibucayi esingaphansi. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

6. I-hemoptysis ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude be-hemoptysis buncike kumbangela. Kungaba mfushane noma kuqhubeke, kodwa noma yisiphi isenzakalo kufanele sihlolwe udokotela.

7. Kungani ngikhwehlela igazi kungazelelwe?

Ukukhwehlela kungazelelwe igazi kungabangelwa izifo, izimo zamaphaphu, noma ukulimala. Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze kutholakale imbangela.

8. Ingabe kufanele ngiye kwa-ER uma ngikhwehlela igazi?

Yebo, kufanele uye ku-ER uma ukhwehlela igazi, ikakhulukazi uma likhulu, kwenzeka ngokuzumayo, noma unezinye izimpawu ezinjengobuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphelelwa umoya.