Iliphi Izinga Loshukela Wegazi Eliyingozi?

Ishukela legazi, noma i-glucose, iwumthombo wamandla obalulekile wamangqamuzana omzimba. Iqinisa ubuchopho, imisipha, nezinye izitho ezibalulekile, idlala indima ebalulekile endleleni esisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke. Nokho, ukulondoloza lokhu kulinganisela okuntekenteke kubalulekile. Uma amazinga kashukela egazini ehla kakhulu kokujwayelekile, noma ngokukhuphuka kakhulu noma ehle kakhulu, angabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu yezempilo. Ake sihlole ukuthi yini ehlanganisa izinga likashukela egazini eliyingozi, imiphumela yamazinga eglucose angalawuleki, kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukweqisa okunjalo.

Ushukela Wegazi Nokubaluleka Kwawo Emzimbeni

IGlucose, ushukela olula, ingumthombo wamandla oyinhloko womzimba womuntu. Itholwe ekudleni esikudlayo, ingena egazini futhi ithuthelwe kumaseli ngosizo lwe insulin i-hormone. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi imizimba yethu isebenza kahle. I-glucose nayo ibalulekile Ubuchopho ukusebenza, okunomthelela ekugxiliseni ingqondo, imizwa, kanye nempilo yengqondo iyonke. I-insulin ekhiqizwa kumanyikwe kanye namahomoni e-glucagon adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni amazinga eglucose egazi alungile. Ngenkathi i-insulin yehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngokwenza kube lula ukumuncwa kwayo ngamaseli, iglucagon inyusa amazinga kashukela ngokubonisa isibindi ukukhulula i-glucose egciniwe. Uma le bhalansi iphazamiseka, futhi umzimba ungakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele ukuze ugaye i-glucose noma ungazweli kuyo, amazinga kashukela egazini angashintshashintsha. 

Iyini imiphumela ye-High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia)?

Iningi labantu alilazi izinga lesifo sikashukela, esiyingozi. Izinga likashukela egazini eliyingozi, noma i-glucose ephezulu eyingozi, ngokuvamile iwela ezigabeni ezimbili: amazinga okuzila ukudla angaphezu kuka-126 mg/dL futhi abe ngaphezu kuka-200 mg/dL amahora amabili ngemva kokudla. Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini (hyperglycemia) angabangela izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukwanda kokoma, njalo ukuchama, umbono ongenalutho, Futhi izinhlungu zekhanda.

Iyini imiphumela ye-Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)?

Ngokuphambene, lokho okubhekwa njengokuphansi ngokuyingozi izinga loshukela wegazi ngokuvamile ibhekisela emazingeni eglucose ewela ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL. Okuyingozi kakhulu amazinga ehla ngaphansi kuka-54 mg/dL, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo ukuze kukhushulwe ushukela osegazini futhi kuvinjwe ukwehla okuqhubekayo. Izinga likashukela wegazi eliphansi (hypoglycemia) lingabonakala njengokuthuthumela, ukujuluka, ukudideka, isiyezi, ebuthakathakeni, nokucasuka.

Izinkinga Zoshukela Wegazi Ongalawuleki

• Izinkinga zesikhashana:
  • Imiphumela esheshayo yamazinga kashukela egazini angasukela ekuphathekeni kabi kuye ezimweni ezinzima, ezisongela ukuphila.
  • Uma ingelashwa, i-hyperglycemia enzima ingadlulela ezinkingeni ze-hyperglycemic, njenge-diabetesic ketoacidosis (DKA) kanye ne-hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), edinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. 
  • Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hypoglycemia enzima ingaholela ekubeni ukwazi noma ukuquleka, okudinga ukungenelela okusheshayo ukubuyisela amazinga eglucose ebangeni eliphephile.
•  Izinkinga zesikhathi eside: Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yamazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ijulile. Zingabangela:
  • Isifo senhliziyo: Diabetes isheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-atherosclerosis (ukuqina nokuncipha kwemithambo), okuholela ekwandeni kwamathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo, kufaka phakathi kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ukushaywa unhlangothi, nesifo se-peripheral artery.
  • Isifo sezinso: Izinga likashukela egazini ngokuqhubekayo lingonakalisa imithambo yegazi emincane ezinso, kukhinyabeze ikhono layo lokuhlunga ngokuphumelelayo uketshezi nokungcola okuvela egazini. Isifo sikashukela esinesikhathi eside siyimbangela ehamba phambili yesifo sezinso (nephropathy), esingadlulela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
  • Izifo zamehlo: Isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki singalimaza imithambo yegazi ku-retina, okuholela ekuguleni kokubona, njengokungaboni kahle futhi ekugcineni ubumpumputhe. 
  • I-Neuropathy: Izinga le-glucose eqhubekayo egazini lingalimaza imizwa (i-neuropathy) kuwo wonke umzimba, kubangele ukushoshozela, ukungabi namandla, imizwa evuthayo, nobuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezandleni nasezinyaweni.  
  • I-Hypoglycemia ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingaholela kwezinye izinkinga. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwanda kwengozi yokuwa, okuholela ekutheni ukulimala, kanye namathuba aphezulu ezingozi zezimoto. I-Hypoglycemia nayo ingaholela engcupheni enkulu yokuba nokuwohloka komqondo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubantu abadala asebekhulile.

Ukuphathwa

Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwamazinga kashukela aphezulu kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezimfushane nezesikhathi eside ezihlobene nokweqisa kwazo. Kuhilela indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa imithi, ukulungisa indlela yokuphila, ukuqapha okuvamile, kanye nemfundo yokubona nokusabela ezimfanelweni zokungasebenzi kahle. 

Ukufuna ukungenelela kwezokwelapha lapho uhlangabezana nezimpawu zamazinga ayingozi kashukela egazini kubalulekile. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo banganikeza ukunakekelwa okusheshayo ukuze kuzinze amazinga kashukela egazini futhi kuvinjwe izinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangalungisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa ukuze baphathe la mazinga kangcono, behlise ubungozi beziqephu ezizayo.

Ungamshayela Nini Udokotela Wakho

Ukuhlonza izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezibonisa amazinga kashukela egazini aphakeme noma aphansi ngokuyingozi kubalulekile. Izimpawu ezinjengokoma ngokweqile, ukuchama njalo, ukuncipha kwesisindo esingaqondakali, noma, esimweni soshukela ophansi wegazi, ukuthuthumela, ukujuluka, nokudideka kufanele kusheshise ukubonisana nodokotela.

Ingabe Ushukela Wegazi Ophakeme Ungavinjelwa?

Ungavimbela ukuguquguquka kwezinga le-glucose ngokumane ulandele izinyathelo eziyisisekelo, ezihlanganisa:

• Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila: Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Kuhilela ukudla okulinganiselayo okucebile emikhiqizweni yokudla okuphelele, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, nokugwema ushukela oweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa okucolisisiwe kwama-carbohydrate. 
• Imithi: Ukunamathela emithethweni yemithi enqunyiwe kubalulekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma abasengcupheni yokuba naso. Imithi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-insulin, kwezinye izimo, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Ukubonisana njalo nodokotela kuqinisekisa ukuthi le mithi igcina kahle ushukela wegazi ngaphakathi kwebanga elinempilo.
• Ukuqapha okuvamile: Ukuqapha njalo amazinga kashukela egazini kuvumela abantu ukuthi baphendule ngokushesha ekuphambukeni kokujwayelekile. Lo mbono osebenzayo ungavimbela ukukhuphuka kwamazinga kashukela egazini kuye kweqisa okuyingozi.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda lokho okuhlanganisa izinga likashukela egazini eliyingozi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha kanye nokuphatha impilo yonke. Ukuqaphela izimpawu zoshukela ophezulu nophansi wegazi, ukufuna ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kunganciphisa izingozi ezihlobene. Ngemfundo, ukuqwashisa, nokuphatha okumatasa, abantu bangagcina amazinga kashukela egazi enempilo, baqinisekise izinga lempilo elingcono. Ukubonisana nodokotela kuhlale kunconywa ukuze uthole izeluleko eziqondene nawe kanye nezinketho zokwelapha.