I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukwelashwa kanye Nezinkinga

I-Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) yisimo sezempilo okudingeka sithathwe ngokungathi sína kakhulu. Ukusishiya singelashiwe kungase kuholele ekutheni sibe sengozini ngenxa yezinkinga. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuka konke kwe-DVT kanye nezinketho zayo zokwelapha. 

Iyini i-Deep Vein Thrombosis?

I-vein thrombosis ejulile, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-DVT, yisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha lapho ihlule legazi lakheka emithanjeni ejulile, ngokuvamile emilenzeni. Lelihlule lingagqabuka futhi liye emaphashini, livimbe ukugeleza kwegazi okufanele. Lesi simo esiyingozi sibizwa nge-pulmonary embolism noma i-PE. Ndawonye i-DVT ne-PE zakha i-venous thromboembolism noma i-VTE, engaba yingozi uma ingelashwa. 

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela i-DVT kusenesikhathi futhi uthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma lingahloliwe, ihlule elixegayo lingase lifinyelele emaphashini kube nemiphumela esongela ukuphila. Ukufuna ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile.

Izimpawu ze-Deep Vein Thrombosis

Izimpawu ezivela ku-deep vein thrombosis (DVT) zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

• Ukuvuvuka emlenzeni, ngokuvamile okuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela, kuwuphawu oluvamile
• Kungase kube nobuhlungu, ukuminyanisa noma ubuhlungu emlenzeni, okuvame ukuqala emsipha wamathole
• Isikhumba endaweni ene-DVT singashintsha umbala, sibe bomvu noma sibe nsomi
• Umuzwa wokufudumala ungase uzwakale phezu komlenze othintekile
• Kwezinye izimo, i-DVT yenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-DVT ayibangeli izimpawu eziphawulekayo ngaso sonke isikhathi nakuba amahlule akheka egazini imithambo. Ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha lapho ubheka noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-DVT ezingaba khona kungaholela ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni okufika ngesikhathi.

Izinkinga ze-Deep Vein Thrombosis

• Ukulimala komthambo ngenxa yokuhlinzwa, ukulimala, ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala
• Noma yini evimbela ukugeleza kwegazi okufanele noma ukujiyisa
• Ezinye izici eziyingozi njengeminyaka yobudala, ukuntuleka kokunyakaza, ukukhulelwa, amaphilisi okulawula inzalo, umdlavuza, njll. 

Izingozi Zezingozi

Izinto eziningi eziyingozi zingandisa ithuba lomuntu lokuthuthukisa i-deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Lezi zici zobungozi zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 - Nokho, i-DVT ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ukuntuleka kokunyakaza isikhathi eside: 
• Phakathi nohambo olude
• Isibhedlela noma ukuphumula kombhede
• Ukulimala okukhulu kanye nesimo sangemva kokuhlinzwa
• Ukukhulelwa - Ingozi ingase iqhubeke amaviki angu-6 ngemva kokubeletha
• Oral amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo noma ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal
• Isisindo eseqile esibeka ingcindezi emithanjeni ye-pelvic nasemilenzeni
• Ukubhema - Iphazamisa ukugeleza kwegazi kanye namahlule
• Umdlavuza - Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa zikhuthaza ukujiya
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo - Kwenza i-pulmonary emboli ibe yingozi kakhulu
• Ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu njengesifo sikaCrohn kanye ne-colitis
• I-embolism yomndeni noma yomuntu siqu noma yamaphaphu noma i-DVT
• Ukuphazamiseka kokujiya okuzuzwe njengefa
• Ngokujwayelekile, i-DVT yenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izici zengozi ezingakhonjwa

Ukwazi izici zobungozi kusiza ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokuvikela. Labo abanezingozi eziningi kufanele babonane nodokotela mayelana nezinyathelo ezithile zokunciphisa amathuba okuba ne-DVT. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuthuthukisa ukubikezela.

Izinkinga

Ngezinye izikhathi i-deep vein thrombosis (DVT) iholela emiphumeleni emibi, kokubili enzima neyesikhathi eside. Ukuqapha izinkinga kubalulekile.

• I-Pulmonary embolism (PE) yinkinga enzima, ephuthumayo lapho ihlule liphuka futhi livimbe imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu.
  • I-PE idala izimpawu ezingazelelwe njenge ukuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, amazinga omoya-mpilo aphansi, ukuquleka nokukhwehlela kwegazi.
  • I-PE ingaba yingozi empilweni futhi idinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
• I-Postphlebitic syndrome ibhekisela ezimfanelweni zomlenze eziphikelelayo ngenxa yokulimala kwemithambo engaphansi evela ku-DVT.
  • Ibonakala njengobuhlungu obungapheli bomlenze, ukuvuvukala, imishayo kanye nezilonda zesikhumba.
• Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngezinto ezinciphisa igazi, nakuba kubalulekile, kungase kubangele izinkinga zokopha kwezinye izimo.
  • Ukuqapha igazi okuvamile kubalulekile ngenkathi uthatha imithi ye-anticoagulant.

Ukuhlala uziqaphele izimpawu zezinkinga kuvumela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo, okubalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo nokuphila. Amasu okuvimbela kufanele asetshenziswe phakathi kwamaqembu asengozini enkulu.

Uyombona Nini Udokotela

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ze-DVT. Funa usizo oluphuthumayo uma unezimpawu ze-PE ezifana:

• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukukhwehlela igazi

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-deep vein thrombosis (DVT) kuqala ngokuhlola kukadokotela izimpawu zesiguli kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwemilenze. Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kuqondiswa ukuhlola ukuthi ingabe ingozi yokuba ne-DVT iphansi noma iphakeme.

Ukuhlolwa Kwemvelo

• Udokotela ubheka ukuvuvukala, ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, noma ukuthamba emlenzeni okungase kubonise i-DVT.

Ukuhlola Ukuxilongwa

• Uhlu lokuhlola lungenziwa ukuxilonga noma ukukhipha i-DVT:
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-D-dimer, ingxenye yephrotheni ekhona lapho amahlule akheka
• Ukuthwebula kwe-Ultrasound ukubona ngeso lengqondo amahlule emithanjeni
• I-venography ehlaselayo (akuvamile ukuthi yenziwe manje) kusetshenziswa ama-x-ray kanye nomjovo kadayi
• I-CT scan - indlela engavamile yokuhlola imithambo ejulile nokuxilonga i-pulmonary embolism

Ukukhethwa nokulandelana kokuhlolwa kuncike emathubeni okuba ne-DVT ngokusekelwe ezicini zobungozi, umlando kanye nokutholakele ekuhlolweni.

Ukwelashwa

Kunemigomo emithathu emikhulu ekwelapheni i-deep vein thrombosis (DVT):

• Vimbela ukukhuliswa kwehlule
• Gwema ukuphuma kwehlule ukuya emaphashini
• Yehlisa ingcuphe ye-DVT yesikhathi esizayo

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezisetshenziselwa ukufeza lezi zinhloso yilezi:

1. Imithi Yokuvimbela Ukukhula Kwehlule kanye Namahlule Amasha: Imithi yokunciphisa igazi (ama-anticoagulants) ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukumisa ukukhula kwamahlule akhona futhi ivimbele amahlule engeziwe ukuthi akheke.

• Ithathwe ngomlomo, ngomjovo, noma ngomjovo
• Kufanele ithathwe njengoba kunqunyiwe
• Eminye imithi idinga ukugadwa njalo umphumela wayo
• Idinga ukusetshenziswa okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 nge-DVT ecasuliwe futhi kufike unyaka ongu-1 we-PE

Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile

• Iziguli eziku-warfarin zidinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo
• Ezinye izacile azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekukhulelweni
• Ama-anticoagulants omlomo amasha (NOACs) awadingi ukuqapha kodwa anokusebenzelana kwezidakamizwa ezithile

2. Ukwelapha Okuthuthukile Kwamahlule Anzima: Izidakamizwa ezivala amahlule (i-thrombolytics) nokungenelela okufana ne-pharmacomechanical thrombectomy noma i-thrombosuction kusetshenziselwa i-DVT ebanzi.

• Banengozi yokopha ngaphakathi kodwa kunakekelwa ukunakekelwa ukuze kuvinjwe
• Zisebenza kahle kakhulu ekususeni ihlule elibukhali futhi zinikeza imvume enhle
• Ziwusizo kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga
• Izihlungi zifakwa emthanjeni omkhulu wesisu ukuze kuvalwe amahlule ahambela emaphashini

3. Amadivayisi Emishini Yokuthuthukisa Ukugeleza Kwegazi Lomlenze: Amasokisi okucindezela agqokwa emlenzeni.

• Siza igazi ligeleze libuya emilenzeni
• Vimbela ukuhlangana kwegazi ematholeni nasezinyaweni
• Kudingeka igqoke nsuku zonke iminyaka embalwa

Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokwelapha kuvumela ukwelashwa kwe-DVT okwenziwe ngezifiso nokuphelele ukuze kuzuze isiguli.

Prevention

Izindlela ezithile zokuphila zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwe-deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

• Hlala usebenza futhi ugweme ukungakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ukuze ugcine ukugeleza kwegazi okunempilo
  • Ngemva kokuhlinzwa/ukuphumula kombhede - Qala ukunyakaza kwemilenze ngokushesha njengoba kuvunyelwe ngokokwelashwa
  • Ngesikhathi sohambo - Thatha ikhefu njalo ukuze welule imilenze yakho
  • Uma uhlezi amahora amade - Ungaphambanisi imilenze yakho njengoba ivimbela ukuhamba kwegazi
• Yeka ugwayi ukubhema okuphazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi okufanelekile futhi kubangele ukujiya
• Thola futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo
  • Ukufaneleka okuyisisekelo Ukuvivinya imizuzu engama-30 kuphela nsuku zonke
  • Xoxa ngohlelo lokunciphisa ubungozi nodokotela wakho uma usengozini enkulu ye-DVT

Ukwenza ukukhetha okuhle kwempilo kuhamba indlela ende ekugcineni ubungozi be-DVT buphansi. Ukunyakaza ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelula izikhathi eziningi lapho usohambweni, ukugwema ukubhema, nokugcina isisindo esifanele kuyizindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso uhlelo ngokusekelwe ezingeni lengozi kuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka.

Isiphetho

I-DVT yisimo sezempilo esibucayi esidinga ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Ukuvimbela i-DVT ngezinyathelo ezilula zendlela yokuphila kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi. Ukuqaphela izimpawu nezimpawu kuvumela ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi, okuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izinkinga ezimfushane nezesikhathi eside. Xoxa ngezingozi zakho nodokotela wakho futhi nisebenze ndawonye ukuze wehlise amathuba akho e-deep vein thrombosis.