Umkhuhlane Wodenga Ezinganeni: Izimpawu, Izigaba Nokwelashwa

I-Dengue fever yisifo esithwalwa omiyane esithinta izigidi zezingane emhlabeni wonke minyaka yonke. Lesi sifo singaba yingozi ikakhulukazi entsheni, okwenza kube kubalulekile ngabazali ukuba basheshe babone izimpawu. Umkhuhlane wodenga ezinganeni uvame ukuvela nezimpawu ezingase zithathwe ngephutha nezinye ezivamile izifo zobuntwana, yingakho ukuqonda izici zayo eziyingqayizivele kubaluleke kakhulu.

Le bhulogi ihlose ukusiza abazali bakhombe izimpawu zomkhuhlane wodenga ezinganeni, kusukela emkhuhlaneni wokuqala kuya ekubonakaleni okungase kube nokuqubuka komkhuhlane wodenga. Sizohlola izigaba zesifo, sixoxe ngezinketho zokwelapha, futhi sinikeze namathiphu okuvimbela. Ekugcineni, uzobe ukuhlomele kangcono ukubona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso zomkhuhlane wodenga ezinganeni futhi wazi ukuthi ungalufuna nini usizo lwezokwelapha, uqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa ekudingayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iyini I-Dengue Fever?

Umkhuhlane wodenga ukutheleleka ngegciwane omiyane okuvamile okutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Omiyane be-Aedes, ngokuyinhloko i-Aedes aegypti, basakaza lesi sifo esibangelwa amagciwane. Ibonakala njengomkhuhlane ophezulu kanye nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-breakbone fever" ngenxa yobuhlungu obunzima obungabangelwa. Igciwane lisakazeka ngokulunywa omiyane kodwa alidlulisi lisuka kumuntu liye komunye. 

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-8 ngemva kokutheleleka, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (40°C/104°F), ikhanda elibuhlungu elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu obungemuva kwamehlo, imisipha namajoyinti abuhlungu, isicanucanu, oluhlanzayo, kanye nokuqubuka okuhlukile. Izimo eziningi zithambile futhi ziyaxazululeka phakathi namaviki angu-1-2, kodwa ezinye zingakhula zibe udenga olunzima, oludinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Udenga Lungazithinta Kanjani Izingane?

Umkhuhlane wodenga ungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni. Ibanga imfiva, izinhlungu zekhanda, ukuqubuka, nobuhlungu bomzimba. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala asebekhulile bathambekele ekuthuthukeleni ekuguleni okubi kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi, udenga lungadlulela ohlotsheni olubi kakhulu olubizwa nge-dengue haemorrhagic fever. Lesi simo esibucayi singaholela ekopheni kwangaphakathi, ukwehluleka kwezitho, ngisho nokufa uma singelashwa ngokushesha. 

Abazali kufanele babheke izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuhlanza okungapheli, izinsini ezophayo, nokukhathala okukhulu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngemva kokudamba kwemfiva futhi zidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila.

Izigaba Zomkhuhlane Wodenga Ezinganeni

Umkhuhlane wodenga ezinganeni ngokuvamile udlulela ezigabeni ezintathu: 

• I-Febrile Phase: Isigaba sokuqala sibandakanya umkhuhlane ophezulu (cishe u-40°C) kanye nezimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane. Izingane zingase ziphathwe yikhanda elinzima, umphimbo obuhlungu, ubuhlungu ngemuva kwamehlo, ubuhlungu bamalunga nemisipha, ukuqubuka, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza. Ukuqubuka okujwayelekile kwe-blanchable macular noma i-erythema yesikhumba kubonakala phakathi no-1 kuya ku-2 izinsuku zokuqala kwemfiva.
• Isigaba Esibalulekile: Phakathi nesigaba esibucayi, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-3 nezingu-7, izinga lokushisa lehla liye cishe ku-37.5 kuya ku-38 °C. Lesi sigaba sibonakala njengokukhuphuka kwe-capillary permeability, okuthatha izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2. Abazali kufanele babheke ukwehla ngokushesha kwenani leplatelet kanye namazinga e-hematocrit anda. 
• Ukululama: Lesi sigaba siqala lapho umkhuhlane wehla futhi uthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-2-3. Lesi sigaba sokugcina sibandakanya ukumuncwa kabusha kancane kancane koketshezi oluvuzayo, okuholela ekuthuthukeni kwezimpawu. Nokho, ukuqapha ngokucophelela kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingane ayibi nezinkinga.

Kuzo zonke lezi zigaba, okutholakele okuvamile kwaselabhorethri i-thrombocytopenia, i-leukopenia, kanye namazinga aphezulu e-aspartate aminotransferase. Odokotela bangasebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-ELISA, i-PCR, noma ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane kuketshezi lomzimba ukuze kuxilongwe.

Izimpawu Zodenga Ezinganeni

I-Dengue fever ezinganeni izimpawu ngokuvamile zivela ezinsukwini ezingu-4-10 ngemva kokulunywa omiyane. Izingane zingase zibe nezimo ezibucayi kunabantu abadala. 

Izimpawu ezivamile zomkhuhlane wodenga ezinganeni zihlanganisa imfiva ephezulu, ubuhlungu bekhanda, ubuhlungu bomzimba, nokuqubuka. Kodwa-ke, abazali kufanele babheke izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokuhlanza okungapheli, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, izinsini ezophayo, nokukhathala. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa imfiva yodenga, evame kakhulu ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezifo zesibili. Udenga olunamandla luhlasela cishe amaphesenti angu-5 ezimo futhi lungaholela ekushayweni, ukopha ngaphakathi, noma ngisho nokufa uma lungelashwanga ngokushesha.

Ukwelapha Udenga Ezinganeni

Odokotela belapha i-dengue fever ezinganeni ngokuyinhloko ngokulawula izimpawu. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-antiviral yodenga, ngakho ukunakekelwa okusekelayo yikhona okugxilwe kakhulu, okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuphumula: Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane iphumula ngokwanele futhi igwema imisebenzi ekhandlayo.
• Ukuphuza amanzi: Ukuze zigweme ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, izingane ezinodenga kufanele ziphuze uketshezi oluningi (oral rehydration solutions, amanzi, ijusi yezithelo). Uma ingane ingakwazi ukuphuza noma ibonisa izimpawu zobunzima kwamanzi emzimbeni, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kungase kudingeke ukuze kufakwe uketshezi olungena emthanjeni nokuqapha ngokucophelela. 
• Ukulawula Imfiva: Izidambisi zobuhlungu ezitholakala ngaphandle kwe-counter njenge-paracetamol zingasiza ekwehliseni imfiva nokungakhululeki. Nokho, abazali kufanele bakugweme ukunikeza izingane i-aspirin ne-ibuprofen ngoba zingandisa izingozi zokopha. 
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela: Odokotela bangase bacebise ukulaliswa esibhedlela ezimeni ezinzima ukuphatha:
  • Ukushintshwa koketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni ukuze uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni kakhulu
  • Ukuqapha i-Platelet kanye nokufakwa kwinani eliphansi leplatelet
  • Ukumpontshelwa igazi uma kwenzeka ukopha kakhulu

Abazali kufanele banake izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nokuhlanza okungapheli, okuqinile ubuhlungu besisu, noma ukopha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha kubalulekile. 

Ukuvimbela Udenga

Abazali bangakwazi ukuvikela izingane zabo kumkhuhlane wodenga ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo, ezifana nalezi:

• Abazali kufanele basebenzise isixosha izinambuzane esiqukethe i-DEET esikhumbeni esisobala. 
• Sebenzisa izinto ezilashwe ngama-insecticide njengamakhethini efasitela.
• Hlakulela umkhuba wokugqoka izingane amahembe anemikhono emide namabhulukwe. 
• Kubalulekile ukulawula omiyane ekhaya ngokususa izindawo ezinamanzi amile nokusebenzisa izikrini emafasiteleni nasezicabheni. 
• Mboza amanzi agciniwe emabhakedeni nasemabhodweni ngendlela efanele.
• Lapho ihambela izindawo ezinalesi sifo, imikhaya kufanele ihlale emakamelweni ane-air conditioning futhi isebenzise amanetha okulala uma kunesidingo. 
• Izingane ezineminyaka engu-9-16 ezinokutheleleka kwangaphambilini kodenga zingase zifanelekele ukugonywa ezifundeni ezithile. 

Udenga Ezinganeni: Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzibuke

I-Dengue fever yisifo esibangelwa amagciwane esisakazwa omiyane futhi singaba sibi kakhulu ezinganeni. Ngokuvamile kuvela nomkhuhlane ophezulu, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukukhathala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuqubuka. Abazali kufanele bakuqaphele ngokukhethekile ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, inkinga evamile ezinganeni ezinodenga. Njengoba umkhuhlane uqhubeka, izingane zingase zilahlekelwe uketshezi ngokushesha ngenxa yokujuluka nokuhlanza, okuholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukuphuma komchamo wabo - uhambo olumbalwa lokugezela, umchamo omnyama, noma izindebe ezomile nomlomo kungaba yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ihlala inamanzi amaningi ngoketshezi olufana nezixazululo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni.

Nakuba abazali bengakwazi ukulandelela izinkomba zezokwelapha ezifana nokubalwa kwe-platelet namazinga e-hematocrit ekhaya, bangakwazi ukubona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ukuhlanza okungapheli, izinsini ezophayo, noma ukozela, okudinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.

Udenga lunama-serotypes amane ahlukene, okusho ukuthi umuntu angangenwa igciwane izikhathi eziningi. Okubalulekile, ukutheleleka kwesibili nge-serotype ehlukile ngokuvamile kungaba kubi kakhulu kunokuqala, okwandisa ingozi yezinkinga ezifana neDengue Hemorrhagic Fever noma iDengue Shock Syndrome.

Abazali kufanele bagxile ekuphuzeni amanzi, ekuphumuleni, nasekuboniseni udokotela ngesikhathi ukuze balawule udenga ngokuphumelelayo.

Isiphetho

Abazali kufanele baqaphele i-dengue fever ezinganeni ukuze baqinisekise ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngesikhathi. Ngokuqonda izimpawu eziphawulekayo, njengokushisa komzimba okuphezulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokuvela okungenzeka komkhuhlane wodenga ezinganeni, abazali bangathatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze bavikele impilo yengane yabo. Ukubaluleka kokuvimbela angeke kweqiswe, ngezinyathelo ezilula ezifana nokusebenzisa isixosha izinambuzane nokuqeda amanzi amile okunomthelela omkhulu ekwehliseni ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ukuhlala unolwazi futhi uqaphile kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izingane kumkhuhlane wodenga. Nakuba ukugula kungase kube kubi kakhulu, ukuqaphela izimpawu ngokushesha nokunakekelwa okufanele kungaholela emiphumeleni emihle. Abazali kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi ukuqaphela kwabo kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo kunendima ebalulekile ekulawuleni lesi sifo. Ngokulandela iziqondiso, imikhaya ingalungela kangcono ukubhekana nenselele yodenga futhi iqinisekise ukuphila kahle kwezingane zayo.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe umkhuhlane wodenga uyingozi ezinganeni?

Imfiva yodenga ingaba yingozi ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane. Amasosha abo omzimba abuthakathaka abenza bangenwe kalula izifo ezinzima zodenga kanye nezinkinga. Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabo babhekana nezingozi eziphakeme zokudlulisela udenga ezinganeni zabo. Udenga olunamandla lungakhula ngokushesha, okuholela ekopheni kwangaphakathi kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho uma lungalawulwa ngokushesha.

2. Yikuphi ukudla okungcono kakhulu kwezingane ezinodenga?

Izingane ezinodenga kufanele zidle ukudla okugayeka kalula, okunomsoco. Izithelo ezigcwele uvithamini C, imifino, amaprotheni amancane, nokusanhlamvu zisekela amasosha omzimba. I-papaya, i-kiwi, izithelo ezisawolintshi, isipinashi, nenyama engenamafutha kuyizinqumo ezinhle. Uketshezi olufana namanzi, amanzi kakhukhunathi, namasobho ahlanzekile asiza ukugcina amanzi. Yogathi futhi i-kefir ingakhuthaza impilo yokugaya ukudla.

3. Yini okungafanele uyidle kudenga?

Gwema ukudla okubabayo, okunamafutha, nokuthosiwe, okunzima ukukugaya. Gwema i-caffeine, utshwala, neziphuzo ezinoshukela, ezingase zidale ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Gwema ukudla okugayiwe, ukudla okungenamsoco, nemifino eluhlaza.

4. Zingaki izinsuku lapho ama-platelet ewela udenga ezinganeni?

Izibalo zamaplatelet ngokuvamile ziqala ukwehla cishe ngosuku lwesine lwemfiva yodenga. Baqhubeka bewa kuze kube usuku lwesikhombisa, bafinyelele endaweni yabo ephansi kakhulu. Ukululama kuqala cishe ngosuku lwesikhombisa, ngokubalwa kweplatelet ngokuvamile kubuyela kokujwayelekile ngosuku lweshumi.

5. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezizokwenziwa ukuze kutholakale udenga?

Udenga lutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ngaphambi kosuku lwesihlanu lokugula, odokotela bangasebenzisa i-virus isolation, ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid amplification, noma ukutholwa kwe-antigen. Ngemuva kosuku lwesihlanu, ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody kuvame kakhulu. Ukwenyuka okuphindwe kane kumazinga amasosha omzimba ku-sera ebhanqiwe kubonisa ukutheleleka kwakamuva. Ukubalwa kweplatelet kanye ne-hematocrit nakho kubhekwa njalo. 

6. Ingabe Udenga Uyelapheka Ezinganeni?

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi eliqondile lodenga, abazali bangakwazi ukuphatha ngokuphumelelayo izimo eziningi ezinganeni ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawulweni kwezimpawu, okuhlanganisa ukuphumula, ukuphuza amanzi, nokulawula umkhuhlane nge-paracetamol. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu zingadinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze uthole uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni kanye nokuqapha ngokucophelela. Ngisho nezimpawu ezinzima zodenga zingalawuleka ngokuphumelelayo ezinganeni ngosizo lwezokwelapha olusheshayo.