Umehluko Phakathi Kwezinga Lokushaya Kwenhliziyo Nezinga Lokushaya kwenhliziyo

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyinto efanayo. Nakuba la magama evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, alinganisa izici ezihlukene zokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Lo mehluko, nakuba ucashile, udlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha nasekuqaphelweni kwezempilo. Kunoma ubani onentshisekelo kwezempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi noma ukulandelela ukufaneleka, ukwazi ukuthi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyefana yini kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuqondeni amasignali emizimba yabo.

Liyini Isilinganiso Senhliziyo?

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo limelela imvamisa yokufinyela kwemisipha yenhliziyo, kukalwa njengokushaywa ngomzuzu (bpm). Kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuthi inhliziyo impompa kanjani igazi ngokuphumelelayo emzimbeni wonke. Njengenjini yemoto, inhliziyo ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushaya kwayo ukuze ivumelane nezidingo nezimo zomzimba zamanje.

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yomuntu ngokwemvelo kuyashintshashintsha usuku lonke ngokusekelwe emisebenzini nezimo ezihlukahlukene. Isistimu yokulawula yangaphakathi yomzimba ilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libe:

• Phendula emsebenzini womzimba noma ukuvivinya umzimba
• Ukusabela ezimeni ezingokomzwelo noma ukucindezeleka
• Zivumelanise nezimo zemvelo
• Gcina ukuhamba kahle kwe-oxygen
• Linganisa amazinga e-carbon dioxide

Liyini Ibanga Elijwayelekile Lokushaya Kwenhliziyo?

Ukuqonda uhla olujwayelekile lokushaya kwenhliziyo kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Nakuba isilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo ephumula ngokuvamile siwela phakathi kuka-60 kuya ku-100 bpm kubantu abadala, lobu bubanzi bungahluka kakhulu futhi buncike ezintweni ezimbalwa namaqembu eminyaka yobudala.

Ezinganeni, isilinganiso sezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo siphezulu ngokwemvelo:

• Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuya onyakeni ongu-1: 100 kuya ku-180 bpm
• Izingane ezisacathula (iminyaka engu-1-3): 98 kuya ku-140 bpm
• Izingane zasenkulisa (iminyaka engu-3-5): 80 kuya ku-120 bpm
• Ubudala besikole (iminyaka engu-5-12): 75 kuya ku-118 bpm
• Intsha (iminyaka eyi-13-18): 60 kuya ku-100 bpm

Abasubathi kanye nabantu abahlale bekhuthele bavame ukuba nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphansi, ngezinye izikhathi libe ngaphansi kwamabhithi angama-55 ngomzuzu, okubhekwa njengokunempilo. Isilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo esiphezulu somuntu singalinganiswa kusetshenziswa ifomula engu-220 kukhishwe iminyaka yabo ngeminyaka.

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingathonya izilinganiso zokushaya kwenhliziyo:

• Ukushisa komzimba nezimo zemvelo
• Isimo somzwelo namazinga okukhathazeka
• Umsebenzi womzimba kanye nesimo sezwe
• Amazinga we-hydration
• Ikhwalithi yokulala nesikhathi sokululama
• Izifo zakamuva
• Imithi ethile

Uma inhliziyo ishaya kancane kuno-60 bpm, ibizwa ngokuthi i-bradycardia ('inhliziyo enensayo'); uma idlula i-100 bpm, ibizwa nge-tachycardia ('inhliziyo esheshayo'). Ngesikhathi sokulala, kuyinto evamile ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwehle kuze kufike cishe ku-40-50 beats ngomzuzu.

Iyini i-Pulse Rate?

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo limelela ukubonakala komzimba kokufinyela kwenhliziyo okungazwakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma igazi ligeleza emithanjeni, lidala ukunyakaza okufana negagasi okungatholwa njengokuzwa okushaywayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene lapho imithambo igijima eduze nendawo yesikhumba.

Odokotela bangakala izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• I-Radial pulse (esihlakaleni)
• I-Carotid pulse (entanyeni)
• I-Temporal pulse (ethempelini)
• I-Femoral pulse (endaweni ye-groin)

Ukulinganisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elivamile kufanele lizizwe liqinile futhi livamile, njengokumaka kwewashi. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, lapho isigqi sibonakala singalingani noma "sigxumagxuma."

Ukuze ulinganise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokunembile, umuntu kufanele abale ukushaya kwenhliziyo imizuzwana engu-30 futhi aphindaphinde kabili ukuze anqume ukushaya ngomzuzu (BPM). 

Ukuqapha ukushaya kwenhliziyo okunembile, odokotela batusa ukuhlola izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi esifanayo usuku ngalunye, okungcono ekuseni ngaphambi kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi obalulekile. Lokhu kuvumelana kusiza ukusungula isisekelo esithembekile sokuqapha impilo yomuntu siqu futhi kwenza kube lula ukuthola noma yiziphi izinguquko ezithinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Liyini Ibanga Elijwayelekile Lesilinganiso Sokushaya?

Ukuqonda okuphelele kwamazinga okushaya kwenhliziyo ajwayelekile kusiza abantu ukuthi baqaphe impilo yabo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngempumelelo. Nakuba izinga elijwayelekile labantu abadala liphakathi kwamabhithi angu-60 kuya kwangu-100 ngomzuzu, lawa manani angahluka kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi. Lezi zici zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka yobudala idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ububanzi bezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elivamile:
  • Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa kuya emavikini angu-4: 100 kuya ku-205 bpm
  • Izinsana (amasonto ama-4 kuya onyakeni owodwa): 100 kuya ku-180 bpm
  • Izingane ezisacathula (iminyaka engu-1-3): 98 kuya ku-140 bpm
  • Izingane zasenkulisa (iminyaka engu-3-5): 80 kuya ku-120 bpm
  • Izingane zesikole (iminyaka engu-5-12): 75 kuya ku-118 bpm
  • Intsha (iminyaka eyi-13-18): 60 kuya ku-100 bpm
  • Abantu abadala (18+): 60 kuya ku-100 bpm
• Abasubathi kanye nabantu abakhuthele njalo bagcina izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphansi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Izinhliziyo zabo zingampompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo ngokufinyela ngakunye, okudinga ukushaya okumbalwa ngomzuzu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomzimba.
• Izici zemvelo nemisebenzi yansuku zonke ingabangela ukushintshashintsha kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama owengeziwe, noma izinguquko ekuphakameni kungase kuthinte ukufundwa. 
• Ngokufanayo, izimo ezingokomzwelo ezifana nengcindezi, ukukhathazeka, noma ukujabula kungavusa impendulo yomzimba yokulwa noma yokundiza, okuholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo ephakeme.
• Imithi ethile ingaba nomthelela ezilinganisweni zesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo. 
• Izikhuthazi, okuhlanganisa i-caffeine nama-decongestants, zingase zikhuphule izinga, kuyilapho ama-beta-blockers angawehlisa. Ukuqapha izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo okuvamile, ikakhulukazi lapho uqala imithi emisha, kusiza ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingase zidinge ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Umehluko Phakathi Kwezinga Lokushaya Kwenhliziyo Nezinga Lokushaya kwenhliziyo?

Nakuba kokubili ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kuhlobene nomsebenzi wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kulinganisa izici ezihlukene zomsebenzi wenhliziyo. Ukuze siqonde lezi zihlukaniso ezicashile kodwa ezibalulekile, ake sihlole ukuhlukana kwazo okuphelele.

Isiphetho

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo kusebenza njengezinkomba ezibalulekile zempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ngasinye sinikeza imininingwane ehlukile ekusebenzeni komzimba. Nakuba zihlobene eduze, lezi zilinganiso zikhuluma izindaba ezahlukene mayelana nokusebenza kwenhliziyo nokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wonke. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo likala ngokuqondile ukufinyela kwenhliziyo, kuyilapho izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libonisa indlela lokhu kufinyeza okuhunyushwa ngayo ekugelezeni kwegazi emithanjeni.

Odokotela basebenzisa zombili izilinganiso ukwakha isithombe esiphelele sempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ububanzi obujwayelekile buhluka kakhulu kumaqembu obudala, kusukela ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kuye kwabadala, futhi izici ezimbalwa ezifana nomsebenzi womzimba, isimo semizwa, kanye nemithi zingathinta lokhu kufundwa. Abasubathi kanye nabantu abakhuthele njalo bavame ukukhombisa amazinga aphansi okuphumula ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Abantu abanentshisekelo yokuqapha impilo yabo bangakwazi ukulandelela kalula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ekhaya besebenzisa amaphuzu ahlukahlukene okushaya kwenhliziyo, kuyilapho izilinganiso zokushaya kwenhliziyo zingadinga imishini ekhethekile. Ukuqapha okuvamile kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga zezempilo ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi futhi kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namazinga okufaneleka kwawo wonke. Ukuqonda lokhu kwehluka kuvumela ukuxhumana okungcono nodokotela kanye nokuqapha impilo yomuntu siqu okusebenzayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyefana?

Nakuba kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuhlukile. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo libhekisela enanini lezikhathi inhliziyo yakho eshaya ngayo ngomzuzu. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphumulayo elijwayelekile kufanele lehle phakathi kuka-60 kuya ku-100 bpm, nakuba lokhu kungashintshashintsha kancane ukusuka kuminithi elilodwa ukuya kwelilandelayo.

2. Yini ethathwa njengebanga elijwayelekile lokushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya kwenhliziyo?

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elivamile labantu abadala lapho bephumula ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-60 no-100 bpm. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphumule eliphansi liphakamisa ukusebenza kahle kwenhliziyo kanye nempilo engcono yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Amazinga okushaya kwenhliziyo angahluka ngobudala, umsebenzi, nezinga lokufaneleka. Abasubathi bavame ukuba namazinga aphansi, azungeze ama-40-60 beats ngomzuzu.

3. Ingabe izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elingu-112 ngomzuzu lithathwa njengelijwayelekile?

Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lika-112 bpm lapho uphumule ngokuvamile libhekwa njengelikhulu, elaziwa ngokuthi i-tachycardia. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo ishaya kaningi, okukhawulela isikhathi egcwala ngaso igazi phakathi kokushaya.