Umehluko phakathi kwe-Immunotherapy ne-Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Kulezi zindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezidakamizwa ukuvimbela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Zombili izindlela zokwelapha zisebenza ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda ngokufana nomehluko phakathi kwe-immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

Iyini i-Immunotherapy?

Amaseli omdlavuza angamaseli angafuneki emzimbeni aqhubeka ekhula ngokushesha. Amasosha omzimba abhubhisa amaseli angafuneki. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye iziguli, amangqamuzana omdlavuza abalekela amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba ngokuxhumana nawo futhi ngaleyo ndlela aphile emzimbeni.

Ku-immunotherapy, izidakamizwa zizophula ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli omzimba wethu wokuzivikela. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukusebenzisana amaseli ethu omzimba manje akhomba amangqamuzana omdlavuza njengamaseli angafuneki futhi awabulale. Inhloso enkulu yokusebenzisa i-immunotherapy ekwelapheni umdlavuza ukukhiqiza iqembu lama-T cell angahlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. 

Imishanguzo ye-Immunotherapy inikezwa ngemodi yokujova futhi lokhu kwelashwa sekuyinto ethandwayo yokwelapha izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy ziyatholakala emakethe futhi udokotela uzokhetha kuye ngohlobo nesigaba somdlavuza emzimbeni. 

Kwezinye iziguli, izidakamizwa ze-immunotherapy zinikezwa ngokuhambisana nezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy.

Kuyini i-Chemotherapy?

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukwelapha okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza lapho izidakamizwa zizovimbela ukuphindaphinda kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni. I-Chemotherapy isebenza ngale ndlela elandelayo:

• Kuyasiza ekwehliseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni
• Kuyasiza ekwehliseni ukusabalala kwamaseli omdlavuza kwezinye izitho zomzimba
• Iphinde inikeze ukukhululeka ezimpawini zomdlavuza

Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali inganikezwa ngemigudu ehlukene. Izidakamizwa zingase zinikezwe ngomzila womlomo, kusetshenziswa umzila wokungena emthanjeni, ukufakwa kwe-topical, ngokuqondile ngomthambo wegazi, noma kufakwe oketshezini olukhona phakathi kobuchopho nomgogodla. 

I-Chemotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. Kodwa, izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy nazo zingaveza imiphumela eyingozi kumaseli anempilo omzimba.

Ukufana kanye nomehluko phakathi kweChemotherapy kanye ne-Immunotherapy

Kunokufana okuningi phakathi kwe-chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy. Zombili lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziselwa ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza futhi ziwusizo ekwelapheni izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.

I-Immunotherapy vs Chemotherapy

I-Chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye ngezindlela eziningi:

Iyini imiphumela emibi ye-Immunotherapy kanye ne-Chemotherapy? 

Imiphumela emibi ye-Immunotherapy:

• Ukukhathala: I-Immunotherapy ingabangela ukukhathala noma ukukhathala okukhulu, okungase kuqhubeke phakathi nesikhathi sokwelashwa. Lokhu kungathinta imisebenzi yomuntu yansuku zonke kanye nezinga lempilo.
• Ukusabela kwesikhumba: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, noma amabhamuza njengomphumela ohlangothini we-immunotherapy. Lokhu kusabela ngokuvamile kuba mnene, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile, kungase kube kubi kakhulu futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.
• Izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane: I-Immunotherapy ingabangela izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukushisa, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nobuhlungu bekhanda. Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zingezesikhashana futhi ziyehla ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Izinkinga Zokugaya: I-Immunotherapy ingabangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nokungathandi ukudla. Le miphumela engemihle ingase ihluke ngobukhulu futhi ingalawulwa ngemithi kanye nokulungiswa kokudla.
• Izinkinga Zokuphefumula: Kwezinye izimo, i-immunotherapy ingabangela ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, noma ukushaywa umoya. Kubalulekile ukwazisa abahlinzeki bezempilo nganoma yiziphi izimpawu zokuphefumula ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Ukusabela kwe-Autoimmune: I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokwandisa amasosha omzimba, ngezinye izikhathi okungaholela ekuphenduleni kokuzivikela komzimba okusebenzayo. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukusabela kwe-autoimmune, lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ngephutha amaseli anempilo nezicubu. Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-autoimmune ihlanganisa izinkinga ze-thyroid, i-colitis, noma i-hepatitis.
• Imiphumela Emibi Yesistimu Ye-Endocrine: I-Immunotherapy ingathinta ukukhiqizwa nokulawulwa kwama-hormone, okuholela emiphumeleni ehlukahlukene ye-endocrine system. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukungasebenzi kahle kwegilo, izinkinga zezindlala ze-adrenal, noma izinguquko emazingeni kashukela egazini.

Imiphumela Emibi Yekhemotherapy:

• Ukulahlekelwa Izinwele: Omunye wemiphumela emibi eyaziwa kakhulu ye-chemotherapy ukulahlekelwa izinwele. Kungathinta izinwele ekhanda, amashiya, izinkophe, nasemzimbeni. Ukuqothuka kwezinwele ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana, futhi izinwele ngokuvamile ziqala ukukhula ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ingacasula ulwelwesi lwesimiso sokugaya ukudla, okubangele isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Imithi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-anti-emetics ivame ukunikezwa ukuphatha le miphumela engemihle.
• Ukukhathala: I-Chemotherapy ingabangela ukukhathala okukhulu nobuthakathaka. Lokhu kungabangelwa yimiphumela enobuthi yezidakamizwa kumaseli anempilo emzimbeni.
• Amasosha omzimba acindezelwe: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwamasosha omzimba. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka futhi kwenza kube nzima ngomzimba ukulwa nokugula.
• Ukwenyuka kwe-Bruise kanye nokopha: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi, kuhlanganise namaplatelet asiza ekuhluleni. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kwemihuzuko nokopha, ngisho nasekulimaleni okuncane.
• Izinkinga Zokugaya: I-Chemotherapy ingase ibangele izinkinga zesisu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ukuqunjelwa, noma ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla. Kungase futhi kubangele izilonda emlonyeni, ubunzima bokugwinya, noma izinguquko ekuzweleni kokunambitheka.
• Izinguquko zengqondo: Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinguquko zokuqonda, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-chemo brain." Lokhu kungabonakala njengobunzima benkumbulo, ukugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokucija kwengqondo okuphelele.

I-Chemotherapy kanye ne-Immunotherapy isebenza kanjani?

I-Chemotherapy:

• Injongo: I-Chemotherapy iwukwelashwa komdlavuza okusebenzisa izidakamizwa ukumisa ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokuwabulala noma ukuwavimba ukuthi ahlukane.
• Indlela Yesenzo: Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali iphazamisa umjikelezo weseli, ikakhulukazi iqondise amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha. Zingase zidale ukulimala kwe-DNA, zivimbele ikhono lengqamuzana lomdlavuza ukuhlukana futhi kuholele ekufeni kwamangqamuzana.
• Imigomo: Isebenza kuwo womabili amaseli anomdlavuza najwayelekile, ithinta amaseli akhula ngokushesha emzimbeni wonke.
• Ukuphatha: Ivamise ukulawulwa ngokuhlelekile ngegazi, okuthinta amangqamuzana omdlavuza ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba.
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo: Ngenxa yokuthi ayiqondile kumaseli omdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungathinta amaseli anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha, okuholela emiphumeleni engemihle njengokulahlekelwa izinwele kanye nesicanucanu.

I-Immunotherapy:

• Injongo: I-Immunotherapy yindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza ethuthukisa amasosha omzimba ukuze abone futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Indlela Yesenzo: I-Immunotherapy isebenza ngokwenza amasosha omzimba asebenze. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuvimbela amaprotheni avimbela ukuphendula komzimba (i-checkpoint inhibitors), ukuqeqesha amasosha omzimba ukuthi abone izimpawu ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza, noma ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wamangqamuzana omzimba.
• Imigomo: Iqondise ngokukhethekile amasosha omzimba, ihlose ukusebenzisa amandla ayo okuhlonza nokuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukuphatha: Ilawulwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amasosha omzimba e-monoclonal, ama-immune checkpoint inhibitors, imithi yokugomela umdlavuza, nokudluliswa kwamaseli okutholwa.
• Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo: Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki ehlobene nokuzivikela komzimba njengoba amasosha omzimba esebenza kakhulu. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuvuvukala ezithweni ezahlukene.
• Indlela Eqondene nawe: Ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlonza ama-biomarker athile noma izici ukuze kunqunywe ukuba nokwenzeka kwempendulo enhle. I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha yomuntu siqu.

Kuphumelela kangakanani ukwelashwa ngakunye?

I-Immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kokubili kuyizindlela zokwelapha ezibalulekile ekulweni nomdlavuza, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kungahluka kuye ngezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa uhlobo nesigaba somdlavuza, izici zesiguli ngasinye, nemigomo yokwelashwa. Nakhu ukubuka konke okujwayelekile kokusebenza kwazo:

• I-Immunotherapy: I-Immunotherapy ibonise impumelelo emangalisayo ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza. Isebenza ngokuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba ukuze ibone futhi ibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-immunotherapy, ezifana ne-immune checkpoint inhibitors, ziye zaholela ekuphenduleni okuphawulekayo futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside kusethi yeziguli ezinomdlavuza osezingeni eliphezulu, okuhlanganisa i-melanoma, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza wesinye kanye nomdlavuza wezinso. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke iziguli ezisabela ngokulinganayo ku-immunotherapy, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
• I-Chemotherapy: I-Chemotherapy yindlela yokwelapha ehlelekile esebenzisa izidakamizwa ukuze zibulale noma zibambezele ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza futhi ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekuzuzeni ukuncipha kwesimila, ekwehliseni izimpawu, nasekuthuthukiseni amazinga okusinda. I-Chemotherapy ingaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi kumdlavuza ozwela emithini esetshenziswayo. Kodwa-ke, ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali kungase futhi kubangele imiphumela engemihle ngenxa yomthelela wawo kumaseli anempilo emzimbeni, futhi eminye imidlavuza ingase ihlakulele ukumelana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe i-immunotherapy iyafana ne-chemotherapy?

I-Immunotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy yizindlela ezihlukile zokwelapha umdlavuza, ezihlukile ngezindlela zazo kanye nemiphumela emzimbeni. Nakuba zombili zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nomdlavuza, zinomehluko omkhulu.

I-Immunotherapy ihlanganisa amasosha omzimba ukuze aqondise futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kubandakanya izinto ezivuselela ukusabela komzimba, okwenza amasosha omzimba abone futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngempumelelo. I-Immunotherapy ivame ukubekezelelwa kangcono kune-chemotherapy futhi ingaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo ngokuqeqesha amasosha omzimba ukuze aqhubeke nokulwa nomdlavuza.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziqondise ngokuqondile futhi zibulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukanisa ngokushesha. Kuwukwelashwa okuhlelekile okuthinta wonke umzimba, okuhlanganisa namaseli anempilo, okuholela emiphumeleni engemihle efana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuqothuka kwezinwele, kanye nobuthakathaka bokuzivikela komzimba.

Ngakho-ke, i-immunotherapy kanye ne-chemotherapy yizindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile. I-Immunotherapy ithuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela zemvelo zomzimba, kuyilapho i-chemotherapy ihlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kuncike ezicini ezinjengohlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, kanye nempilo yesiguli iyonke, ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo behlanganisa izinhlelo zokwelashwa ngendlela efanele.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokukhetha imithi yokwelapha umdlavuza

Kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho wesibhedlela esingcono kakhulu somdlavuza e-Hyderabad ngaphambi kokukhetha ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Ukwelashwa kuncike ezintweni ezahlukene njengempilo yakho jikelele, uhlobo lomdlavuza, kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Udokotela wakho angaphakamisa ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuye ngalezi zici. Udokotela wakho angaphinde axoxe ngendlela yokwelashwa kanye nemiphumela engaba khona kanye nemiphumela engemihle ongase uyiqaphele ngemva kokuthola uhlobo oluthile lokwelashwa komdlavuza.

Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, i-chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy yizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Zombili izinhlobo zokwelapha ziyasebenza ekwelapheni umdlavuza. 

Udokotela wakho ezibhedlela ze-CARE angasebenzisa eyodwa yazo zombili izinhlobo zokwelapha umdlavuza ukwelapha umdlavuza wakho kuye ngezinto ezahlukene njengohlobo lomdlavuza, ubukhulu, isigaba, nempilo jikelele. Ngakho-ke, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokuningiliziwe ngobuhle nobubi bazo zombili izinhlobo zokwelapha umdlavuza ngaphambi kokukhetha eyodwa yokwelashwa kwakho.