Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Nephrotic ne-Nephritic Syndrome

Izifo zezinso ingabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye inesethi yayo ehlukile yezimpawu, izimbangela, nokwelashwa. Izimo ezimbili ezivamile zezinso ezivame ukuholela ekudidekeni ngenxa yamagama azo anemisindo efanayo i-nephrotic syndrome ne-nephritic syndrome. Nakuba kokubili kuhilela izinso futhi kungabangela izinkinga zomchamo, zihlukile ekubonakalisweni kwazo, izimbangela eziyinhloko, nokuphathwa. 

Ake sifunde umehluko phakathi kwe-nephrotic ne-nephritic syndrome ngokuningiliziwe.

Iyini i-Nephrotic Syndrome?

I-Nephrotic syndrome wukuphazamiseka kwezinso okwenza umzimba wakho ukhiphe inani eliningi lamaprotheni emchameni wakho. Ibonakala ngeqembu lezimpawu ezikhombisayo ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu. Ithinta kakhulu i-Glomeruli, imithambo yegazi emincane ezinso enomthwalo wokuhlunga udoti kanye noketshezi oluningi olusuka egazini ukuze yenze umchamo. Lapho i-glomeruli ilimele, ivumela amaprotheni abalulekile ukuba aphume emchamweni, okubangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Lesi simo sezempilo siholela ekuvuvukeni, ikakhulukazi emaqakaleni nasezinyaweni, futhi kuphakamisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zempilo ezengeziwe. Ingozi yamahlule egazi kanye nokutheleleka kungakhuphuka kokubili nge-nephrotic syndrome. Ukuze ugweme ubunzima, udokotela angase aluleke ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezithile kanye nezinguquko ekudleni kwesiguli.

Izimpawu ze-Nephrotic Syndrome

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-nephrotic syndrome zihlanganisa:

• I-Proteinuria - Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-nephrotic syndrome I-proteinuria, okubhekisela ekulahlekelweni ngokweqile kwamaprotheni emchameni. I-Erythema, noma ukunqwabelana koketshezi ezicutshini zomzimba, kubangelwa ukwehla komfutho wegazi okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa amaprotheni, ngokuyinhloko i-albumin. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungabonwa ebusweni, emilenzeni nasesiswini.
• I-Hypoalbuminemia - Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwe-albumin, iphrotheni esiza ukugcina umthamo wegazi futhi ivimbele uketshezi ukuthi lungaphumi emithanjeni yegazi, abantu abane-nephrotic syndrome bavame ukuba ne-Hypoalbuminemia.
• I-Hyperlipidemia - Isibindi sisabela ekwehleni kwamaprotheni egazi ngokukhiqiza ama-lipids (amafutha). Kuholela emazingeni aphezulu e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride egazini.
• Ukuvuvukala - I-Edema, noma ukuvuvukala, kuwuphawu oluvamile lwe-nephrotic syndrome. Kungathinta amaqakala, imilenze, izinyawo, ngisho nobuso, kubangele ukukhukhumala nokubukeka kwesici.
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka - Ukulahlekelwa amaprotheni abalulekile kanye nokwanda komsebenzi wezinso kungabangela ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile.

Ukulahlekelwa amavithamini namaminerali, njenge-calcium novithamini D, okubalulekile ekukhuleni kwakho nasenhlalakahleni yakho, kungolunye uphawu lwe-nephrotic syndrome. Kungase kuvimbele ukukhula kwezingane ezine-nephrotic syndrome. Kwamathambo, okungaba umphumela we-nephrotic syndrome, yisimo sezokwelapha esingenza buthaka izinzipho nezinwele.

Iyini i-Nephritic Syndrome?

I-Nephritic syndrome, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyisimo sezinso esihlukile esithinta kakhulu i-glomeruli kodwa sibonakala sinesethi ehlukile yezimpawu. I-Nephritic syndrome ibonakala ngokuvuvukala nokulimala kwe-glomeruli, okuholela ezindabeni ezihlobene nokuhlunga kwegazi nokusebenza kwamasosha omzimba. Njengoba ngokuvamile ithinta i-glomerulus, ibizwa ngokuthi i-glomerulonephritis. Izimpawu ze-glomerulonephritis zihlanganisa ukuwohloka nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwangaphansi lwe-glomerular, kanye nokwakheka kwezimbotshana (izimbotshana) kuma-podocyte e-glomerulus. Lezi zimbotshana ziyakhula kangangokuthi zingakwazi ukuvumela kokubili amaprotheni namangqamuzana abomvu egazi kugeleze emchamweni. Amazinga aphansi e-albumin egazi awuphawu lwe-nephritic syndrome, ebangelwa ukufuduka kwamaprotheni esuka ekujikelezeni kuya emchameni.

Izimpawu ze-Nephritic Syndrome

Izimpawu ezivamile ze-nephritic syndrome zihlanganisa i-edema, noma ukuvuvukala kobuso noma izinyawo, igazi emchameni, nokuchama okuncane kunokuvamile. Kuye ngokuthi isimo esibucayi noma esingapheli sesimo sikhona, izimpawu ze-nephritic syndrome ziyahlukahluka.

Izimpawu ze-acute nephritic syndrome zihlanganisa:

• I-hematuria - I-Hematuria, noma igazi emchameni, iwuphawu oluyinhloko lwe-nephritic syndrome. Leli gazi elisemchameni lingabonakala ngeso lenyama noma litholakale kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwe-microscopic.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme - Ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwe-glomeruli ku-nephritic syndrome kungaholela umfutho wegazi ophezulu (hypertension), uphawu oluvamile lwalesi simo sezempilo.
• I-Proteinuria - Nakuba i-nephritic syndrome ingase futhi ibangele i-proteinuria, ngokuvamile ayibi kakhulu kune-nephrotic syndrome. Ukugxila okuyinhloko kwe-nephritic syndrome ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu kanye nezingxenye ezivuthayo emchameni.
• Inani eliphansi lomchamo - Ukuncipha kokukhishwa komchamo, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-oliguria, kungolunye uphawu lwe-nephritic syndrome. Ukuncipha kwekhono lezinso lokuhlunga igazi ngendlela efanele kungaholela ekwehliseni umthamo womchamo.
• Ukuvuvukala - I-Edema ayibonakali kancane ku-nephritic syndrome uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nephrotic syndrome. Ku-nephritic syndrome, ukuvuvukala kuvame ukutholakala endaweni, ngokuvamile kuthinta ubuso nemilenze.
• Ubuthakathaka, imfiva, nokukhathala
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla, isicanucanu, nobuhlungu besisu

Kungase futhi kube nesicanucanu kanye ne-malaise, umuzwa ovamile wokugula.

Izimpawu ze-nephritic syndrome ezingapheli ngokuvamile zinesizotha noma azibonakali futhi zingabandakanya:

• I-Hypertension, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ukuvuvuka
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso ezigabeni zakamuva

Umchamo kukho kokubili i-nephritic syndrome engapheli kanye ne-acute ngokuvamile iqukethe amaphesenti amakhulu amangqamuzana egazi abomvu kusukela amangqamuzana egazi ephuma ku-glomeruli elimele. 

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Nephrotic ne-Nephritic syndrome?

Leli thebula liqhathanisa izici ezibalulekile ze-Nephrotic Syndrome ne-Nephritic Syndrome.

Isiphetho

I-Nephrotic kanye ne-nephritic syndromes yizifo ezimbili ezihlukene zezinso ezinama-pathologies angaphansi kanye nezimpawu. Lezi zimo zezokwelapha, nakuba zombili zithinta izinso futhi zibangele ukulimala kwe-glomerular, zinezici ezithile. I-Nephrotic Syndrome ihlukaniswa nge-proteinuria enzima, i-edema ephawulekayo, kanye nomfutho wegazi ovamile, kuyilapho i-Nephritic Syndrome ibonakala nge-hematuria, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nokulimala okuncane kwe-glomerular. 

Umehluko phakathi kwe-nephrotic ne-nephritic syndrome uvumela ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezihambisanayo, okugcizelela isidingo sokuhlonza kusenesikhathi nokunakekelwa okuhle kwempilo engcono yezinso.