Umehluko phakathi kohlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela yisimo esingamahlalakhona esishintsha indlela umzimba omunca ngayo ushukela futhi udle amandla. Ukudla okudliwayo kuqukethe amandla ngendlela yeglucose. Le glucose imuncwa yigazi bese iyiswa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba. Lapho inani likashukela egazini likhuphuka, umzimba ukhiqiza ihomoni ye-peptide eyaziwa ngokuthi 'i-insulin'. I-insulin iyisihluthulelo esivumela ushukela osegazini ukuthi usetshenziswe njengamandla ngamaseli omzimba.

Lapho umuntu enakho sikashukela, ngokuvamile kungenxa yesinye sezizathu ezimbili ezingaba khona - kungenzeka ukuthi umzimba awukhiqizi i-insulin eyanele noma i-insulin ekhiqizwayo ayisetshenziswa ngokuphelele ukuguqula i-glucose ibe amandla. Uhlobo lokuqala lwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Type 1 Diabetes, kanti olwesibili lubizwa ngokuthi yi-Type 2 Diabetes.

Umehluko phakathi kohlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

• Ezingeni eliyisisekelo, umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zesifo sikashukela ukuthi I-Type 1 Diabetes ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kofuzo okuzenzakalelayo okuvimba umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize noma iyiphi i-insulin, kanti Thayipha i-2 sikashukela kubangelwa indlela yokuphila kanye nemikhuba yokudla, eshintsha indlela umzimba osabela ngayo ku-insulin.
• Umphumela wazo zombili izinhlobo zesifo sikashukela ufana - umzimba awukwazi ukuguqula ushukela wegazi ube amandla kumaseli, okungabangela ukuphakama noma okuphansi kunoshukela wegazi ovamile, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukuzuza kwesisindo, ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, njll.

• Isifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 sivame ukutholwa kusenesikhathi ebuntwaneni njengoba lesi kuyisimo sofuzo ngakho-ke, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela lolu hlobo lweSifo sikashukela. 
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Type 2 Diabetes ivame ukwenzeka ngokuya ngeminyaka. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yokunganyakazi kanye nemikhuba yokudla engenampilo, ingakhula nakubantu abadala abasebasha. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sikashukela lungaba ngofuzo kodwa luyagwemeka ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kusukela esemncane.

Izimbangela zohlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Thayipha isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, nakuba zibangela izinkinga ezifanayo emzimbeni womuntu, izimbangela zazo zombili izinhlobo zihluke kakhulu.

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1: Isifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 senzeka ngenxa ye-autoimmune genetic disorder, okusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba ayikwazi ukubona ukuthi amaseli awusizo noma cha. Kuhloswe ukulwa nokutheleleka kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa ngamagciwane angaphandle; nokho-ke odabeni lwe-Type 1 Diabetes, amangqamuzana e-pancreas ayahlaselwa, okuwuvimbela ukuthi uqedele umsebenzi wawo, okungukuthi ukukhiqiza i-insulin uma kudliwa ukudla. Njengoba i-insulin ingakhiqizwa, ayikho indlela yokuthi umzimba uguqule i-glucose ekudleni ibe amandla asebenzisekayo kumaseli omzimba.

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-2: Imbangela eqondile yokuthi kungani abanye abantu beba ne-Type 2 Diabetes akwaziwa, nokho-ke, kutholakale ukuthi abantu abakhuluphele noma abakhuluphele ngokweqile, abanomlando wesifo sikashukela emndenini, abanokungalingani kwama-hormone kunamathuba amaningi okuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ukuguqulwa kofuzo nakho kungaba yimbangela yokuthi amanyikwe angakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele noma ukuthi umzimba wakhe umelane ne-insulin. Ezikhathini zamuva nje, ukuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba nakho kuye kwabonakala njengento enomthelela ohlotsheni lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2.

Izimpawu zohlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela

Isifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 nelesi-2 singaba nakho izimpawu ezejwayelekile, njengokoma okwandayo, nokuchama njalo, kodwa njengoba izimbangela eziyinhloko zazo zombili lezi zinhlobo zesifo sikashukela zihlukile, izimpawu ezibonakalayo nezibonakalayo nazo zihlukile.

Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 yilezi:

• Ukushintsha kwemizwa njalo nokucasuka
• Ukuzizwa ukoma njalo
• Ukuvuthwa njalo
• Ezinganeni ezincane, ukuhanjelwa ukuchama njalo kungabangela ukuchama ebusuku
• Ukwandisa ukudla
• Ukuncipha ngokushesha kwesisindo ngaphandle kwenhloso
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka usuku lonke
• Ukungaboni kahle kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu

Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-2 yilezi:

• Ukuzizwa ukoma njalo
• Ukuvuthwa njalo
• Ukungaboni kahle kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka usuku lonke
• Ukuluma ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• Izifo ezitholakala njalo
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokushesha
• Ukuphola kancane kwesilonda

Iyini imiphumela efanayo yohlobo loku-1 nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Ukulimala kunoma yisiphi isigaba senqubo ehambisa i-glucose isuka egazini lakho iye kumangqamuzana akho kuholela kushukela.
Kokubili uhlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela lunikeza izimpawu ezifanayo:

• Ukoma ngokweqile
• Ukwandisa indlala
• Ukukhathala
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukuchama kaningi
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 bangase bahlangabezane:

• Ukutheleleka okuvamile noma okuqhubekayo
• Ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda
• Ukuluma noma ukuba ndikindiki ezandleni noma ezinyaweni
• Izinkinga zezinsini
• Ukuluma kwesikhumba
• Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile

Indlela isifo sikashukela esingayithinta ngayo inhliziyo, amehlo, izinso nezinzwa

• Inhliziyo: Isifo sikashukela singaholela emithanjeni yegazi evimbekile enhliziyweni (i-coronary artery disease) kanye nokulimala kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okungabangela ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Amehlo: Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi emehlweni, okuholela ezinkingeni zokubona njengokungaboni kahle noma ukungaboni. Iphinde inyuse ubungozi bokukhula kwe-cataract (ama-lens aguquguqukayo) kanye ne-glaucoma (umfutho wamehlo owengeziwe).
• Izinso: Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imithambo yegazi yezinso, sithinte ikhono lazo lokuhlunga udoti egazini. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlulekeni kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka emgudwini womchamo.
• Imizwa: Isifo sikashukela singalimaza imizwa, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni nasemilenzeni, sibangele ukushoshozela, ukungabi namandla, noma ubuhlungu. Lokhu kulimala kwezinzwa (i-neuropathy) nakho kungathinta ukugaya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, nokusebenza kocansi.

Izingozi Zohlobo 1 kanye Nohlobo 2 Lwesifo sikashukela 

Mayelana nezici eziyingozi, kunomehluko phakathi koHlobo loku-1 noHlobo Lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. 

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1: Njengoba i-Type 1 Diabetes ingukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo, azikho izici eziyingozi zangaphandle. Umlando womndeni wesifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1, kanye neminyaka yobudala, udlala indima enkulu ekwandiseni ubungozi. Abantu abanabazali, izingane zakwabo, nanoma yiliphi elinye ilungu lomndeni eliseduze elinalesi simo bavame ukuba nesifo sikashukela. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, isifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 sitholakala kakhulu ezinganeni.
• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-2: Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sinezici eziningi eziyingozi, iningi lazo elincike kubantu nendlela yabo yokuphila. Kuyisimo esivamile esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Abantu abanamazinga kashukela aphakeme kancane, abakhuluphele, abangasebenzi ngokomzimba, abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, banezinkinga zamahomoni, njenge I-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, futhi babe nomndeni oseduze noma amalungu omndeni aseduze nabo abanesifo sikashukela soHlobo 2 basengozini yokuba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokwabo.

Izinkinga Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Kokubili uhlobo loku-1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luthwala amathuba okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu zesikhathi eside uma zingalawulwa ngendlela efanele. Lezi zinkinga zibangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo, okuhlanganisa:

• Izifo Zenhliziyo: Abantu abanesifo sikashukela banengozi eyengeziwe yezinkinga zenhliziyo, njenge isifo senhliziyo futhi unhlangothi. Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angalimaza imithambo yegazi futhi abe nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamafutha, okwandisa amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo.
• Izifo Zezinso kanye sezinso Ukwehluleka (Nephropathy): Isifo sikashukela singalimaza izinso ngokuphazamisa ikhono lazo lokuhlunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela esifweni sezinso futhi ekugcineni ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, okudinga i-dialysis noma ukufakelwa kabusha.
• Izinkinga zamehlo kanye nokulahleka kombono (i-retinopathy): Diabetes kungadala umonakalo emithanjeni yegazi ku-retina, okuholela ku-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela. Lesi simo singabangela ukonakala kwamehlo ngisho nokungaboni uma singelashwa.
• Ukulimala Kwezinzwa (I-Neuropathy): Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini angalimaza izinzwa kuwo wonke umzimba, kubangele izimpawu ezifana nokuba ndikindiki, ukuntweza, nobuhlungu, ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni. Le nephropathy ingathinta izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba ezahlukahlukene.
• High Ukushaya kwegazi (Hypertension): Isifo sikashukela ngokuvamile sihambisana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, okwandisa nakakhulu ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, unhlangothi, nezinkinga zezinso.
• Ukuphulukiswa Kwenxeba Okubambezelekile: Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle singaphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi senze buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, okuholela ekupholekeni kwenxeba kancane. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kanye nezinye izinkinga.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2

Ukuxilongwa kwakho kokubili kwesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 noHlobo lwe-2 kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifanayo okungukuthi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuhlolela isifo sikashukela yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa Koshukela Wegazi Ukuzila Ukudla - Igazi lithathwa ngemva kokuzila ukudla kwamahora angu-10-12 ukuze kuhlolwe izinga likashukela egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Postprandial Glucose - Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kwenziwa ngemva kwamahora ama-2 udle okuthile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C - Ukuhlolwa kwe-A1C, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin ye-glycated, nakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunikeza idatha ehlanganisiwe yezinga likashukela wegazi ezinyangeni ezi-2-3 ezedlule.

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zinqunyelwe kokubili uhlobo 1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 njengokudla okunempilo, ukungadli ebusuku kakhulu, nokuzivocavoca umzimba okulinganiselayo izikhathi ezi-4-5 ngesonto.

Ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu e-insulini noma imijovo ye-insulin kaningi njengoba umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin ukuze isebenze kahle. Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, odokotela bangase futhi batuse ukufakelwa kwamanyikwe (inqubo eyivelakancane neyinkimbinkimbi). Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 singaphezu kwesifo sendlela yokuphila, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila eyisisekelo abantu abayilandelayo kuwukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Imithi ephuzwayo ingase futhi inqunywe ukuze kugcinwe izinga likashukela egazini lilawulwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela luhlobene?

Izimpendulo:Uhlobo loku-1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 zombili zihlobene nendlela umzimba ophatha ngayo i-glucose (ushukela) egazini, kodwa zinezimbangela nezindlela ezihlukene.

2. Iyiphi ewufuzo, thayipha 1 noma uhlobo 2 sikashukela?

Izimpendulo: Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 asisona ifa. Kukholakala ukuthi umphumela wenhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo kanye nezici zemvelo, ezifana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezidala impendulo ye-autoimmune eholela ekubhujisweni kwamaseli akhiqiza i-insulin kumanyikwe.
Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 sinofuzo olunamandla. Umlando womndeni kanye nezakhi zofuzo zidlala indima enkulu ekubekeni abantu engozini yohlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, kanye nezici zokuphila ezifana nokudla nokuzivocavoca.

3. Ingabe uhlobo 1 nohlobo 2 lwesifo sikashukela lungelapheka?

Izimpendulo: Isifo sikashukela sohlobo loku-1 ngeke selapheke, kodwa singalawulwa insulin ukwelashwa. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kwesinye isikhathi singaphathwa noma sihoxiswe ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila efana Ukudla nokuzivocavoca.

4. Ungakwazi yini ukuba nohlobo 1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ndawonye?

Izimpendulo: Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuthi ube nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 nohlobo 2 ngasikhathi sinye. Isifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 sivamise ukuvela ngaphambi kwesikhathi empilweni futhi asihlobene nokungazweli ku-insulin, kanti uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 luvame ukuvela kamuva futhi luhlotshaniswa nokungazweli kwe-insulin.    

5. Yikuphi okubi kakhulu, thayipha 1 noma thayipha 2 sikashukela?   

Izimpendulo: Kokubili uhlobo 1 kanye nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kunemithelela emibi kakhulu yezempilo uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele. Ubunzima buncike ezintweni ezingazodwana nokuthi isimo silawulwa kahle kangakanani. Isifo sikashukela soHlobo loku-1 ngokuvamile sidinga ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kusukela ekuxilongweni futhi sinengozi enkulu yezinkinga ezinzima, kanti uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngokuvamile lungalawulwa ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kodwa lunengozi enkulu yezinkinga zesikhathi eside uma zingalawulwa. Umthelela uyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu.