I-Dyspepsia (Indigestion): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa, Ukuvimbela kanye Nokwelashwa

Ukungakhululeki kwe-Gastrointestinal (GI) kuyisifo esivamile abantu abaningi ababhekana naso ngesikhathi esithile. Ngokwezokwelapha okubizwa ngokuthi i-dyspepsia noma ukungagayeki kahle kokudla, lesi simo singenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile noma kaningi, siphazamise ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda izimpawu, izizathu eziyisisekelo, izinketho zokuphatha, nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuqunjelwa kusiza ukuthola impumuzo.

Izimbangela Ezivamile

Izici eziningi zingasetha isiteji se-dyspepsia, njenge:

• Imikhuba Yokudla: Imikhuba ethile yokudla ibangela ukuqunjelwa. Ukudla okuphezulu kufaka phakathi:
  • Ukudla okunamafutha, okunamafutha njengama-hamburgers, ama-french athosiwe, ne-pepperoni pizza.
  • Izitsha ezibabayo ezipakishwe upelepele oshisayo noma izinongo ezinamandla.
  • Utamatisi, izithelo ezisawolintshi, u-anyanisi nokunye ukudla okune-asidi.
  • Ushokoledi uvame ukuba ngenxa yezingxenye zamafutha kanye ne-cocoa.
  • Iziphuzo ezine-caffeine ne-carbonated njengekhofi, itiye, ne-soda.
  • Utshwala, ikakhulukazi obeqile
• Izifo Eziyisisekelo: Kubantu abathile abane-dyspepsia, ukukhetha kokudla kuchaza kancane ukungagayeki kwabo. Izifo ezihlukahlukene zingase futhi zibangele isisu esibuhlungu:
  • I-Gastritis: Ukuvuvukala kwesisu ulwelwesi lwenza izicubu zibe sengozini yokulimala kwe-asidi, okuholela ebuhlungu nokopha.
  • Peptic ulcers: Izilonda ezibuhlungu ziyavela uma zeqile isisu ama-acids akhuphula izicubu ezivikelayo esiswini, i-duodenum, noma i-esophagus.
  • I-GERD (I-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease): Eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo se-acid reflux, okuqukethwe kwesisu ku-backwash ku-esophagus, ikakhulukazi lapho ulele phansi, okubangela isilungulela.
  • Isifo sikashukela: Igazi elingalawuleki amazinga kashukela ukugaya kancane, kubangele i-gut neuropathy, futhi kwandise ingozi yokutheleleka.
  • I-Pancreatitis: Ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme abalulekile wokugaya.
  • I-Gallstones: Ama-hard deposits avimbela izindlela zokugaya angaletha ubuhlungu nokuhlanza.
  • Ukuvinjwa kwamathumbu: Ukusonteka noma izibazi zezicubu zingavimba ukuhamba kokudla ngamathumbu.
  • Isifo seCeliac: Ukusabela komzimba kumaprotheni e-gluten okusanhlamvu kubangela ukulimala kwamathumbu.  
• Imithi Elimazayo: Okuxakayo ukuthi imithi ethile ehloselwe ukwelapha ezinye izifo ingase ibangele ukuqubuka kokugaya ukudla. Imithi evamile engalimaza isisu ihlanganisa:
  • Ama-antibiotics: Ngokususa izitshalo zamathumbu ezilinganayo, ama-antibiotics ngokuvamile abangela isifo sohudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
  • I-Aspirin nama-NSAID: Lezi zilwi zobuhlungu nokuvuvukala zicasula ulwelwesi lwe-GI, okubangela izilonda kwabanye abasebenzisi besikhathi eside.
  • I-Steroids: Izidakamizwa ezinamandla zenjongo yonke ezisetshenziswa isikhathi esifushane ku-asthma noma ukulimala, ama-steroids ukugaya kancane futhi aphulukise izicubu ngokungaphelele.
  • I-Chemotherapy: Amakhemikhali anamandla okulwa nomdlavuza alimaza amangqamuzana okugaya anempilo, akhula ngokushesha eduze kwamathumba.
  • Ama-opiates: Nakuba kunqunyelwe ukukhulula ubuhlungu obukhulu, imiphumela emibi yezidakamizwa ihlanganisa isicanucanu nokuqunjelwa.

Izimpawu 

Ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu kubonisa uphawu lwakudala lokungagayeki, kodwa izimpawu ezihambisanayo nazo zivame ukwenzeka, ezithinta ukugayeka kokudla nokudla okunethezekile. Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu phezulu
  • Ubuhlungu besisu esingenhla: Busuka kokuncane kuye kobukhulu, lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokuvutha, ukuminyanisa, ukuqaqamba, noma ukugwaza.
  • Ukungakhululeki kwenzeka endaweni engenhla yesisu esimaphakathi, ngaphansi kwezimbambo.
  • Ubuhlungu buvame ukuvela ngokushesha ngemva kokudla, ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka, noma lapho uhlezi ngokushesha ngemva kokudla.  
• Ukuvimbela
  • Lokho kugcwala kakhulu, ukufutheka, ukuvuvuka kwesisu sakho kubangela ukuthi ibhulukwe lakho lizizwe lithokomele. 
  • Igesi yamathumbu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ngemva kokudla ijwayelekile, kodwa ukugcwala ngokweqile kusho ukuthi ukudla akugayeki kahle. 
• I-belching kanye ne-flatulence 
  • Ukudla okungagayekile emathunjini akho kudala igesi efana ne-carbon dioxide ne-methane, uzama ukuthola indlela yokuphuma.
  • Lezi zigesi zibangela ama-burps noma ama-farts.
• isilungulela
  • Okubizwa nangokuthi i-acid reflux, isilungulela sichaza ukungakhululeki kwesifuba esivuthayo lapho ama-asidi esisu ephumela kumminzo, eshiya ukunambitheka okubabayo. 
  • Isilungulela ngokuvamile siqubuka ngemva kokudla ukudla okunamandla, okune-asidi, noma okunamafutha, ukugoba, noma ngaphambi kokulala.
• I-nausea
  • Lowo muzwa othuthumelayo, ongakhululekile uxwayisa ngokuthi ukuhlanza kungase kwenzeke maduze. 
  • Noma yini eyenza ukugayeka kokudla kancane ibangele isicanucanu, njengokuqaqamba kwekhanda, ukukhulelwa kusenesikhathi, amagciwane esisu, ukugula okunyakazayo, kanye nemizwa enamandla. 
• Ukuvota 
  • Ukukhiphela isisu phezulu nangaphandle ngomlomo.
  • Ukuhlanza kuletha ukukhululeka kwesikhashana lapho isicanucanu esinamandla, ukuvaleka kwamathumbu, izifo, noma ukudla okunoshevu kuthinta izinqubo zokugaya ukudla.
• Ukusutha kokuqala 
  • Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokungakhululeki ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala ukudla, ukuvimbela ukuqeda izingxenye ezivamile. 
  • Uma isisu singaphumuli kahle futhi sande, ukudla okugayiwe kancane kunqwabelana maduzane.

Sifo

Ukuxilonga i-indigestion, odokotela basebenzisa: 

• Umlando onemininingwane - Ukuhlonza izimbangela zokudla, izifo ezihlobene, ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili, kanye nemithi yamanje kusungula ukuxhumana nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona, njengezilonda, i-gallstones, noma i-GERD.
• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba - Ukulalela, ukumbambatha kancane isisu, ukuhlola okubalulekile, nokuhlola amaphethini obuhlungu kuveza ukungakhululeki ngenkathi ukhipha ezinye izimo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi - Ukuhlola izibalo zegazi, amazinga ezakhi/i-electrolyte, nezimpawu zokuvuvukala kunikeza idatha eyinhloso mayelana nokutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, ukulimala kwesitho, noma ukungondleki okuhlobene nokungagayeki okwanele nokumuncwa.
• I-Endoscopy - Ukufaka ishubhu eliguquguqukayo ngekhamera encane ngomlomo kuvumela ukubonwa okuqondile komminzo, isisu, namathumbu angenhla, ukulandelela ukulimala, ukuvuvukala, izilonda, nezingozi zesimila.
• Ukufanekisa - Ukugwinya isisombululo se-barium kwenza ipheshana le-GI eliphezulu libonakale ngama-x-ray. Izikena ze-CT ne-MRI nazo zikhomba isakhiwo/umsebenzi wesitho. I-Ultrasound ithola i-gallstones/pancreatitis.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesisu - Ukugwinya amaphilisi e-elekthronikhi noma izixazululo kulinganisa isigqi sikagesi sesisu, amanani okukhipha, kanye nezikhathi zokuhamba zamathumbu.

Izinketho zokwelapha 

Izindlela zokwelapha ezehlukene zihlose ukunciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu, ukuxazulula izici ezinomthelela, ukusheshisa ukuphulukiswa, ukugcwalisa ukugaya, nokuvimbela ukuphindeka. Izindlela ezivame ukwelulekwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukulungiswa Kwezokudla 
  • Ukugwema ukudla okuyinkinga kunikeza indlela elula kodwa enamandla yokunciphisa izimpawu. 
  • Ukugcina amadayari okudla anemininingwane kuhlobanisa okokufaka nokungakhululeki, okuveza ukungabekezelelani. 
  • Izingxenye ezincane zidliwa kancane, kuyilapho kunciphisa ushukela, amafutha, nokuqukethwe kwezinongo, kalula ukugaya. 
• Ama-Antacids angaphezu kwe-Counter 
  • Ama-ejenti asebenza ngokushesha anciphisa i-asidi esiswini okwesikhashana, enciphisa isilungulela noma izinhlungu zesilonda. 
  • Imiphumela engemihle ingase ihlanganise ukuphazamiseka kwe-electrolyte noma isifo sohudo esinemithamo ephezulu enwetshiwe.
• Ama-Acid Blockers 
  • Izivimbeli ze-Histamine H2 receptor (i-Tagamet, i-Pepcid, i-Zantac) zicindezela ukukhiqizwa kwe-asidi ngamandla kunama-antacid. 
  • I-Proton pump inhibitors (Prilosec, Prevacid, Nexium) ivimba ngokuphelele ukukhululwa kwe-asidi kumaseli esisu. 
  • Zombili izinhlobo zemithi zikhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda se-peptic.
• I-Prokinetics
  • Ebizwa nangokuthi ama-promotility agents, le mithi kadokotela ivuselela ukufinyela okuhlanganisiwe komphimbo, isisu, nemisipha yamathumbu, ithuthukise ukuhamba kokugaya. 
  • Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-Reglan (metoclopramide), i-Motilium (domperidone), ne-erythromycin.
• Nemithi Elwa Namagciwane  
  • Uma izilonda noma i-gastritis ivela ekukhuleni kwebhaktheriya ye-H. pylori, ama-antibiotics aqeda la magciwane futhi enze lula ukuphulukiswa.
• I-Tricyclic Antidepressants
  • Nakuba kunqunywe ngemithamo ephansi yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, ama-TCA afana ne-imipramine noma i-amitriptyline aphinde adambise izifo ezithile zamathumbu ezisebenzayo ngemithamo ephansi kakhulu ukuthi ithinte ukudangala.
• Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha 
  • Ngokungagayeki kahle kokudla, itiye elipholile elenziwe nge-chamomile, i-peppermint, i-licorice, noma i-turmeric ngokuvamile adambisa izimpawu. 
    Ezinye iziguli zithola impumuzo ngokusebenzisa i-acupuncture, ukuzindla, i-hypnotherapy, noma izikhathi zokubhucunga.

Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela  

Ukusebenzisa ukungenelela okubalulekile kwendlela yokuphila kusiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-dyspepsia engapheli:

• Yamukela ukuhlela ukudla okuvamile. Ukweqa ukudla kubambezela ukugaya.
• Yeka ukudla lapho usunelisekile, ungagxili.
• Qinisekisa ukuhlafuna okwanele.
• Beka ijubane lokuzilibazisa ukuze udle ngaphandle kweziphazamiso.
• Gwema ukucambalala ngemva kokudla kakhulu.
• Gcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo.
• Gwema ukubhema.
• Vimbela ukuphuza utshwala.
• Nciphisa ukukhetha kokudla okunoshukela nokunamafutha.
• Funda futhi usebenzise amasu okunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Cabanga ngama-probiotic nama-enzyme supplements.

Nini Ukubona Udokotela Wakho

Ukungagayeki kahle okumaphakathi noma ngezikhathi ezithile kuvame ukuphela ngamakhambi alula asekhaya kanye nokukhetha ukudla okucophelelayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, ukubonisana nodokotela kubaluleka lapho izimpawu:

• Phikelela ngaphandle kokuba ngcono ngemva kwamaviki angu-2 wokuzelapha.
• Kuthinta ukusebenza kwansuku zonke ngokuphazamiseka komsebenzi/isikole/umsebenzi.
• Kuba kubi kakhulu naphezu kwemithi etholakala ekhawuntareni noma kadokotela.
• Ihambisana nokuncipha kwesisindo esingalindelekile esingaphezu kuka-4.5 kg.
• Kuhlanganisa nokuhlanza okunamandla, okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi ngemikhondo yegazi.   

Ukwengeza, izimpawu ezilandelayo eziyisixwayiso ezinobungozi obukhulu zidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe izimo eziyingozi ezingaphansi:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima, ukujuluka, isifuba/umhlathi/intamo/ubuhlungu bengalo
• Ubuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi uma buhlotshaniswa nokuzikhandla, ukucindezeleka, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Indle enegazi noma emnyama, ephuzile
• Ukushisa okuphezulu nokuhlanza okunamandla okuphindaphindiwe
• Ukuvuvukala kwesisu noma ukuzwela okukhulu
• Inkinga yokugwinya uketshezi noma okuqinile

Isiphetho 

I-indigestion iyinkathazo evamile abantu abaningi ababhekana nayo ngezikhathi ezithile ngemva kokudakwa ngokweqile noma ukudla ukudla okuvusa amadlingozi. Ngokuqonda izimbangela nezimpawu ezijwayelekile, ungenza izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuze uthole impumuzo futhi uzame ukuvimbela ukuqubuka ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yokudla ngokucophelela futhi ukucindezeleka ukuphathwa.