Isithuthwane: Ukuthi Siyini, Izinhlobo, Izimpawu Nokwelashwa

Isifo sokuwa yisifo sezinzwa esibonakala ngokuquleka okuphindaphindiwe. Kubangelwa ukuqhuma kungazelelwe komsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni, okuholela ekubanjweni noma izikhathi zokuziphatha okungajwayelekile, imizwa, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Lokhu kuquleka kungahluka kakhulu ngokuqina kanye nobude besikhathi, kuthinte abantu ngezindlela ezihlukene. Isifo sokuwa singaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezakhi zofuzo, ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo, izifo, isifo sohlangothi, noma ukuphazamiseka kokukhula. Nakuba kuyisimo esingelapheki, abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuwa bangakwazi ukulawula ukuquleka futhi baphile ukuphila okuvamile ngokwelashwa okufanele, okuvame ukuhlanganisa imithi, ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Izimpawu Zesithuthwane

Abantu bazo zonke izinhlanga, izinhlanga, ubudala, nobulili bangaba nesifo sokuwa. Iziqephu zokubanjwa zingahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye bagqolozele bengacwayizi ngenkathi bekuso isiqephu, kanti abanye banyakazisa izingalo nemilenze, kanti abanye banokudlikizeka okugcwele. Uma abantu abanesifo sokuwa bequleka kabili noma ngaphezulu ngosuku, bangase badinge usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 

Nazi izimpawu zesifo sokuwa:

• Ukupela okugqolozele
• Imisipha eqinile
• Ukudideka kwesikhashana
• I-Deja vu, ukwesaba, noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukunyakaziswa okungalawuleki kwezingalo nemilenze
• Kuyafaneleka

Izimbangela Zesithuthwane

Isifo sokuwa singaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, ezingase zihlanganisa:

• I-Genetics: Ezinye izinhlobo zesithuthwane zingaxhunyaniswa nezici ezithile zofuzo noma izimo zomndeni.
• Izimo Zobuchopho noma Ukulimala: Ukulimala kwengqondo ngenxa yokulimala, izimila, imivimbo, noma izifo ezifana ne-meningitis noma i-encephalitis kungabangela isithuthwane.
• I-Developmental Disorders: Izimo ezikhona lapho umuntu ezalwa, ezifana ne-neurodevelopmental disorders noma ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, zingase zandise ingozi yesithuthwane.
• Ukutheleleka: Izifo ezithile ezithinta ubuchopho, njenge-meningitis, i-encephalitis, noma izifo ezibangelwa yi-neurocysticercosis, zingaholela ekubeni nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukulimala Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha Noma Ukuchayeka: Ukulimala ebuchosheni ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo, izifo, noma ezinye izici zangaphambi kokubeletha kungaba nomthelela esifweni sokuwa.
• Izifo Zemizwa: Izimo zemizwa njengesifo i-Alzheimer's noma i-multiple sclerosis zingandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sokuwa.
• Izinkinga ze-Stroke noma ze-Vascular: Izimo zobuchopho ezihlotshaniswa nokugeleza kwegazi okuncishisiwe noma ukungahambi kahle kwe-vascular kungase kuholele ekubanjweni kanye nesifo sokuwa.
• Ama-Brain Tumors: Ukuba khona kwezimila ebuchosheni kungase kubangele ukuquleka futhi kungaholela ekubeni nesifo sokuwa.

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zokuhlinza Isithuthwane?

Umsebenzi kagesi ongavamile futhi oguquguqukayo ebuchosheni ngenxa yama-chemo transmitters, uphumela ekubanjweni kwesithuthwane. Indawo ye-derangement inquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okudingekayo, kucatshangelwa iminyaka yesiguli. 

Ngezansi izinhlobo zokuhlinza ngokuvamile ezituswa udokotela ohlinzayo:

• Ukukhushulwa kobuchopho obujulile: Idivayisi ifakwa ekujuleni kobuchopho, ekhipha amasignali kagesi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze iphazamise imisebenzi ebangela ukubanjwa. 
• I-hemispherectomy: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni ezibhekana nokuquleka ku-hemisphere eyodwa kusuka kumasayithi amaningi. Kule nqubo, uhlangothi olulodwa lobuchopho, i-cerebral cortex, luyasuswa. 
• I-Hemispherectomy esebenzayo: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ezinganeni futhi kuhilela ukukhishwa kwemizwa exhumayo. 
• I-Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT): Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuqondiswa i-MRI, ehlanganisa i-laser ebhubhisa ingxenye encane yobuchopho. 

Ingabe Ukuhlinzwa Kwesithuthwane Kuphephile?

Ukuhlinza isifo sokuwa kuyindlela ephephile. Ngakho-ke, ingozi yokuphila iphansi uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinqubo. Kodwa kunezinkinga ezimbalwa ezihilelekile phakathi nokuhlinzwa. Ngokocwaningo, izinkinga ezincane zabikwa phakathi kweziguli ezingu-7.7%, futhi kuphela u-0.6% weziguli ezibhekane nezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nalezi: 

• Ukulahleka Kombono We-peripheral
• bekhanda
• Izinkinga Zokukhuluma Nolimi
• Stroke
• I-Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak (CSF)

Umphumela wokuhlinzwa uncike ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa olwenziwa. Ngakho-ke, kungaba inketho enhle kakhulu kumuntu onesifo sokuwa engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho futhi ongasabeli emuthini. Hlala uthintana nodokotela abahlinzayo ngezingozi nezinzuzo ngaphambi kokuyohlinzwa.

Nini Okufanele Ucabangele Ukuhlinzwa Kwesithuthwane?

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isimo sezempilo, ukuquleka okukhulu ngenxa yesifo sokuwa kudinga ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko. Noma ubani onesifo sokuwa esigxilile esingakwazi ukwelashwa ngama-AED noma uma isimo sibangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu empilweni yomuntu angase adinge ukuhlinzwa. 

Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Epilepsy kwenziwa:

• Misa ukuquleka noma wehlise umfutho wako
• Nciphisa imiphumela emibi yokuhlinzwa
• Yehlisa inani lokufa okubangelwa ukuquleka

Ukuhlinzwa kuhilela ukususwa kwengxenye yobuchopho lapho ukuquleka kwenzeka khona. Ngokuvamile kusebenza kahle lapho ukuquleka kwenzeka engxenyeni eyodwa yobuchopho. Odokotela bezinzwa abakhuthazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlinzwa kuze kube yilapho ama-AED amabili ehlulekile ukuqukatha ukubanjwa. 

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa izinzuzo eziningi zokuhlinzwa kwesithuthwane ekulawuleni ukuquleka kanye nezimpawu zengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, iphinde ithuthukise izinga lempilo. Lokhu kubonakala esikhathini esidlule ukuthi ukuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo kungandisa isikhathi sokuphila. 

Sixilongwa Kanjani Isifo sokuwa?

Ukuhlola isithuthwane ngokuvamile kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa:

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane uthathwa ukuze kuqondwe izimpawu zesiguli, imvamisa yokuquleka, izibangeli, nanoma yiziphi izimo ezingase zibe khona noma umlando womndeni wokuquleka.
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba kusiza ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zokuquleka nokuhlola impilo iyonke.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa kuhlola amakhono emisipha, ukusebenza kwezinzwa, ama-reflexes, nokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze kuhlonzwe noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kwemizwa.
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Lolu hlolo luqopha umsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni. Kuyasiza ukuthola umsebenzi wobuchopho obungavamile noma amaphethini avamile ngesikhathi sokuquleka, kusize ekuhlonzweni kwesithuthwane.
• Izifundo Zokucabanga: I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) noma i-CT (Computed Tomography) izikena zobuchopho zingasiza ekuhlonzeni ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo noma izilonda ezingase zidale ukuquleka.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Kungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe izimo ezingase zibangele ukuquleka, njengezifo noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic.
• Okunye Ukuhlola: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nokuqapha kwe-EEG yevidiyo, ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological, noma izifundo ze-imaging ezikhethekile kungase kudingeke ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuhlola ukubanjwa noma izimo ezihlobene.

Yiziphi Imithi Yokwelapha Isithuthwane?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, funa ukubonana nodokotela wezinzwa. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yisithuthwane hhayi izinguquko ezithile zokuziphatha, isazi sezinzwa sizohlola umtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa okumbalwa kwe-electrophysiological.

Lapho sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unesifo sokuwa, umuntu onalesi simo unikezwa imishanguzo ye-antiepileptic (AED). Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ama-AED awasebenzi futhi adinga izindlela ezihlaselayo, njengokuhlinzwa. 

Indlela Yokuvimbela Isithuthwane?

Ukuvimbela isithuthwane ngokuphelele kungase kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba kungase kubangele izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezakhi zofuzo noma izimo ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Nokho, ezinye izinyathelo zingasiza ekwehliseni ubungozi bezinhlobo ezithile zesithuthwane ezitholakele:

• Vikela Ekulimaleni Ekhanda: Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ekhanda kunganciphisa ingozi yesithuthwane esibangelwa ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubopha amabhande ezihlalo lapho ushayela, ukusebenzisa izigqoko zokuzivikela phakathi nemidlalo, nokugcina indawo ephephile, ikakhulukazi yezingane.
• Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka: Ezinye izinhlobo zesithuthwane zingakhula ngenxa yezifo ezithinta ubuchopho. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela izifo, njengokugoma, ukwenza inhlanzeko, nokufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngenxa yezifo, kungase kusize ukunciphisa ingozi.
• Lawula Izimo Zezempilo: Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwezimo zezempilo ezihlobene nesifo sokuwa, njengesifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo, noma izifo ezifana ne-meningitis, kunganciphisa ingozi yokuba nesifo sokuwa.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha: Ukuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele ngaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokugwema izici eziyingozi ezaziwayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, njengokusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma izidakamizwa, kunganciphisa ingozi yesithuthwane enganeni ekhulayo.
• Ukulawula Ukubanjwa: Kubantu abathambekele ekubeni nokuquleka ngenxa yezinto ezibangisayo (ezifana nemfiva noma izinto ezithile), ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula lezi zimbangela kungase kusize ukuvimbela iziqephu zokuquleka.

Usizo Lokuqala Lokuquleka

• Okufanele ngikwenze:
  • Susa noma yiziphi izinto eziyingozi ohlangothini lwazo: Ngesikhathi sokuquleka, umuntu angase ezwe ukunyakaza okungalawuleki, okungabangela ukulimala uma eshayisana nezinto ezicijile noma eziqinile. Sula ngokuphephile indawo ezungezile ngokususa noma yini engabalimaza, njengefenisha noma izinto zengilazi.
  • Jikela umuntu ohlangothini lwakhe: Ukubeka umuntu ohlangothini lwakhe kusiza ukugcina indlela yakhe yokuphefumula icacile. Lokhu kuzivimbela ekuminyanisweni amathe noma ukuhlanza, okuzivumela ukuba ziphefumule kalula ngesikhathi sokuquleka.
  • Bagebise ikhanda: Umuntu oquleka angase ashaye ikhanda lakhe phansi ngenxa yokunyakaza okungalawuleki. Beka into ethambile, njengomcamelo noma izingubo ezigoqiwe, ngaphansi kwekhanda labo ukuze bavikeleke ekulimaleni ekhanda.
  • Afonele udokotela: Thola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma ukuquleka kuthatha imizuzu engaphezu kwemi-5, kuwukuquleka kwabo kokuqala, noma uma benezinye izimo zezempilo ezicashile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ucele usizo uma umuntu engalulami ngokushesha ngemva kokuquleka.
• Okufanele Ukugweme:
  • Ungavumeli abantu babuthane eduze komuntu: Nakuba kungokwemvelo ukufuna ukusiza, abantu abaningi kakhulu abazungezile umuntu bangabangela ingcindezi futhi bavimbele ukuhamba komoya. Nika umuntu isikhala, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi umuntu oyedwa noma ababili kuphela abasizayo.
  • Ungawabambeli phansi noma uwavimbe: Ukuzama ukumisa umnyakazo womuntu kungabangela ukulimala, njengokuqina kwemisipha noma amathambo aphukile, njengoba ukubanjwa kuhilela ukunyakaza okunamandla, okungahleliwe. Vumela imizimba yabo ukuthi ihambe ngokukhululeka, kuyilapho uqinisekisa ukuthi indawo ezungezile iphephile.
  • Ungafaki lutho emlonyeni wabo (ukudla, amaphilisi, amanzi): Ngokuphambene nezinganekwane ezivamile, ungalokothi ufake noma yini emlonyeni womuntu ngesikhathi sokuquleka, njengoba kungaholela ekuminyaniseni noma kubangele ukulimala emazinyweni nasemihlathini. Umuntu ngeke "agwinye ulimi lwakhe," futhi ukuphoqa okuthile emlonyeni wabo kungenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle.

Izinkinga Zesithuthwane

• Ukulimala Okuhlobene Nokuthunjwa: Ukuwa ngesikhathi sokuquleka kungaholela ekulimaleni njengokuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, ukuphuka, noma ukusikeka.
• Izinselele Zempilo Yengqondo: Ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kungase kuphakame ngenxa yethonya elingokomzwelo lokulawula isimo esingapheli.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo: Izinkinga zenkumbulo, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, noma ezinye izinkinga zengqondo zingase zenzeke, ezithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.
• Ukucwaswa Komphakathi: Imibono eyiphutha kanye nokucwaswa okuzungeze isithuthwane kungaholela ekubandlululweni noma ekuhlukaniseni abantu ngabanye.
• I-Status Epilepticus: Isimo esingavamile kodwa esinzima lapho ukuquleka kwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuma, okudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ukufa Okungazelelwe Okungalindelekile Esithuthwaneni (SUDEP): Inkinga engavamile kodwa engathi sína lapho abantu befa ngokungalindelekile, ngokuvamile phakathi noma ngemva kokuquleka, nesizathu esiqondile esingaqondwanga ngokuphelele.

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Udokotela Wami Ngesithuthwane?

Uma umuntu ebanjwa isithuthwane okokuqala ngqa, kufanele abonane nochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Uchwepheshe wezempilo uzoxoxa ngesigameko nesiguli futhi azame ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangele ukuquleka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1.Ingabe Isifo sokuwa singaphela?

Izimpendulo:Isifo sokuwa kwesinye isikhathi singaxazululeka noma silawulwe ngempumelelo, kodwa kuyehluka kuye ngokwesimo. Kwabanye abantu, ukuquleka kungase kuphele, okubavumele ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisa imithi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ngaphandle kokuquleka.

2. Yikuphi Ukudla Okulawula Isithuthwane?

Izimpendulo: Ukudla okuthile okufana nokudla kwe-ketogenic, ukudla okuguquliwe kwe-Atkins, noma ukwelashwa okunenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic (LGIT) kubonise amandla okulawula ukuquleka kwabanye abantu abanesifo sokuwa.

3. Uziphatha Kanjani Umuntu Onesifo sokuwa?

Impendulo: Ukuziphatha ngesikhathi sokuquleka kuyahlukahluka. Kungasukela ekuqapheliseni isikhashana kuye ekudlikizeleni noma ekushintsheni ukwazi. Ngemva kokuquleka, umuntu angase azizwe edidekile, ekhathele noma enenkinga yenkumbulo. Ukuziphatha ngesikhathi sokudlikiza kuyahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuquleka kanye nobukhulu.