Umkhuhlane Wekhanda Ubuhlungu: Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa Kokukhululeka

Ikhanda lomkhuhlane lingase lithene amandla ngendlela emangalisayo, ngokuvamile libangele ubuhlungu obukhulu nokungakhululeki kanye nezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Lezi zinhlungu zekhanda yizikhalazo ezijwayelekile ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, okushiya abantu abaningi befuna amakhambi asebenzayo ekhanda lomkhuhlane kanye nokukhululeka. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwamakhanda omkhuhlane kanye nendlela yokuwalawula kubalulekile kulabo abafuna ukudambisa izimpawu zabo futhi babuyele ekuzizweleni okungcono kakhulu.

Ake sihlole umhlaba wamakhanda omkhuhlane kanye nezimbangela zawo, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha. Sizothola namathiphu asebenzayo okudambisa ikhanda lomkhuhlane futhi sifunde amasu okuvimbela ukuze sinciphise amathuba okuba uhlangabezane nalezi ziqephu ezibuhlungu.

Ziyini Izinhlungu Zekhanda Lomkhuhlane?

Ubuhlungu bekhanda bomkhuhlane kuwuphawu oluvamile lomkhuhlane, ngokuvamile obangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu kanye nezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane. Lezi zinhlungu zekhanda zingaphikelela futhi zibe nzima, okwenza kube isici esiphawulekayo sokugula. Ikhanda lomkhuhlane libhekwa njengekhanda lesibili, okusho ukuthi livela ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane elingaphansi kunesimo esiyinhloko ngokwazo. Kodwa-ke, uma ikhanda liqhubeka ngemva kokuba ezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane sezixazululiwe, kungase kubonise isimo esihlukile noma inkinga edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Izimbangela Zomkhuhlane Wekhanda

Imbangela eyinhloko yekhanda lomkhuhlane yindlela yokusabela komzimba ekuthelelekeni ngegciwane. Lapho igciwane lomkhuhlane lingena emzimbeni, libangela ukukhululwa kwama-cytokines, ama-molecule alwa nokutheleleka akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba. Nakuba la ma-cytokines edlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni naleli gciwane, angaholela nasekuvuvukeni futhi abe nomthelela ekuphathweni kwekhanda.

Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ama-cytokines kungathinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kuhlanganise nolwelwesi lwamafinyila oluvale imbobo yamakhala kanye neyesinus. Lokhu kuvuvukala kubangela ukwanda kwengcindezi ezungeze amehlo nasebusweni, okungase kuholele ekuphathweni kwekhanda elikhulayo. Ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwemigodi ye-sinus ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokukhiqizwa kwamafinyila okwandayo kungabangela ukuzwa ubuhlungu obungapheli, okuyisici sekhanda lomkhuhlane.

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungenye into engabhebhethekisa ikhanda lomkhuhlane. Njengoba umzimba ulwa nesifo, ulahlekelwa uketshezi oluningi kunokuvamile. Ukungena uketshezi okwanele kuhumusha kwamanzi emzimbeni, eyaziwa kabanzi njengento engase ibangele ikhanda elibuhlungu. 

Izimpawu Zekhanda Lomkhuhlane

Izinhlungu zekhanda lomkhuhlane ngokuvamile zihambisana nezinye izimpawu zomkhuhlane ezifika ngokuzumayo futhi zingaba nzima kakhulu. Okulandelayo ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zekhanda lomkhuhlane:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu futhi elibeleselayo, elibangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu. 
• Ingcindezi ehlala njalo noma ukuzwa okushaywayo okwenqaba ukuncipha.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, umsindo, nokuhogela
• Ngaphezu kobuhlungu bekhanda, abantu abanomkhuhlane bangase baphathwe yizinga lokushisa eliphakeme kungazelelwe, ubuhlungu bomzimba, ukukhathala okukhulu, nokukhwehlela okomile. 
• Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa umphimbo obuhlungu, ubunzima bokulala, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, futhi, kwezinye izimo, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kanye ubuhlungu besisu. 

Nakuba ubuhlungu bekhanda bomkhuhlane ngokuvamile buthuthuka njengoba ezinye izimpawu ziphela, ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwazo kubalulekile. Uma ikhanda elibuhlungu elihambisana nomkhuhlane liqhubeka noma liba libi ngemva kokuba ezinye izimpawu sezixazululiwe, kungase kubonise inkinga ebucayi edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Ukwelapha Ikhanda Lomkhuhlane

Ukwelapha ubuhlungu bekhanda lomkhuhlane kugxile ekulawulweni kwezimpawu kanye nokweseka izinqubo zokuphulukisa zemvelo zomzimba ukuze kudambise ikhanda lomkhuhlane kanye nokungakhululeki okuhambisana nakho. 

• Izidakamizwa ezidambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter zisiza ekudambiseni ikhanda lomkhuhlane, zehlise imfiva futhi zidambise izinhlungu nezinhlungu ezihambisana nomkhuhlane.
• Ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi kubalulekile ukuze ukhululeke ekhanda lomkhuhlane. Ukuphuza amanzi asivivi, ama-herbal teas, nemihluzi kungalwa nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kunikeze imfudumalo epholile ku-mucosa evuthayo. 
• Ukuphumula kubalulekile ngendlela efanayo, njengoba kuvumela umzimba ukuthi ugxilise amandla awo ekulweni nokutheleleka.
• Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase banikeze imithi elwa namagciwane ezimweni ezinzima zomkhuhlane noma abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga. Le mithi inganciphisa isikhathi sokugula futhi isize ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ezinkulu. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Yize abantu bengakwazi ukuphatha izimo eziningi zekhanda lomkhuhlane ekhaya, kunezimo lapho kudingeka khona ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Xhumana nodokotela wakho:

• Uma izimpawu ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi ngemva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa
• Uma ikhanda elibuhlungu elihambisana nomkhuhlane liqhubeka nokuba namandla noma lihambisana nezinye izimpawu ezinjengokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, isiyezi esingapheli, ukuquleka, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu.
• Ezinganeni, izimpawu ezengeziwe eziyisixwayiso zihlanganisa izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ubuso, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, nokuphefumula ngokushesha.
• Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu ezihlobene nomkhuhlane bahlanganisa abantu abaneminyaka engu-65 noma ngaphezulu, abesifazane abakhulelwe, nalabo abanezimo zezokwelapha zesikhathi eside ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ubuhlungu bekhanda lomkhuhlane kubandakanya ukukhawulela ukudluliswa kwegciwane lomkhuhlane. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela umkhuhlane ziyefana nalezo ezisetshenziselwa i-COVID-19 nezinye izifo zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukugeza izandla njalo ngamanzi afudumele nensipho kubalulekile, njengoba kusiza ekususeni amagciwane angaphila ezandleni amahora angaba ngu-24.
• Ukuvala umlomo nekhala lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukusabalala komkhuhlane. Uma isicubu singatholakali, kuhle ukuthi ukhwehlele noma uthimulele ejikeni lendololwane kunokuba ungene esandleni. Izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zilahlwe ngokushesha ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Ukugwema ukusondelana nabanye, ikakhulukazi lapho unezimpawu zomkhuhlane, kubalulekile. 
• Abantu abanamazinga okushisa aphezulu noma abazizwa bengaphilile kufanele bahlale ekhaya futhi bagweme ukuthintana nabanye abantu ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yokusabalalisa leli gciwane.
• Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikela umkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elihambisana nalo iwukugoma. Imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane iphephile futhi iyasebenza futhi ivikela abantu abasengozini yomkhuhlane kanye nezinkinga zawo. 

Kulabo abafuna ukukhululeka kwekhanda lomkhuhlane, lezi zinyathelo zokuvimbela zinganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuthola igciwane futhi uphathwe ikhanda elibuhlungu elihambisana nomkhuhlane. 

Indlela Yokukhulula Ikhanda Lomkhuhlane

Lapho ubhekene nekhanda lomkhuhlane, amakhambi amaningana asebenzayo anganikeza impumuzo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Izidakamizwa ezidambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter zisiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba futhi zidambise izinhlungu ezihambisana nomkhuhlane. Le mithi ingasiza ekulawuleni ukungakhululeki kwekhanda elibuhlungu elihambisana nomkhuhlane, kwenze izimpawu zibekezeleleke.
• Ukufaka i-compress efudumele ebunzini nasekhaleni kungaba yimpumelelo kakhulu kulabo abafuna ikhambi lekhanda lomkhuhlane ongelona owelapha. Ukufudumala kusiza ukukhulula imisipha eqinile futhi kuthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi, kunciphise ukushuba kwekhanda elibuhlungu futhi kunikeze impumuzo epholile yokungakhululeki kwe-sinus.
• Abazali abanakekela izingane ezinezimpawu zomkhuhlane kufanele balinganise ngokucophelela umthamo womuthi ofanele iminyaka nesisindo somntwana. Uma kukhona ukungaqiniseki, kunconywa ukubonana nodokotela ukuze kutholakale ikhambi elifanele kakhulu lekhanda lomkhuhlane wengane.
• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba lawa makhambi angasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu zekhanda lomkhuhlane, kufanele asetshenziswe kanye namanye amasu okulawula umkhuhlane, njengokuphumula kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi. 

Ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela kuvumela abantu ukuthi bathole ukukhululeka kwekhanda lomkhuhlane kanye nokusekela izinqubo zokuphulukisa zemvelo zemizimba yabo.

Isiphetho

Ikhanda lomkhuhlane lingaba ubuhlungu bangempela, kodwa ziningi izindlela zokubhekana nazo. Kusukela ekudambiseni izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter kuya ekucindezelekeni okufudumele, lawa makhambi angasiza ekudambiseni ukungakhululeki. Ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi kanye nokuphumula okuningi kubalulekile ukuze usekele inqubo yokwelapha yemvelo yomzimba wakho. Khumbula, ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo, ngakho-ke ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinjengokugwema ukuthintana nomuntu onegciwane, ukugeza izandla njalo, nokuthola isibhamu sakho somkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kungahamba ibanga elide ekugwemeni lezi zikhanda ezimbi kwasekuqaleni.

Ungangabazi ukuxhumana nodokotela uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma ziba zimbi kakhulu. Bangakunikeza izeluleko eziqondene nawe futhi, uma kudingeka, batuse imithi elwa namagciwane ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokugula kwakho. Ngokuqonda izizathu, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha zekhanda lomkhuhlane, ungakwazi ukubhekana nazo kangcono ngqo futhi ubuyele ekuzizweni njengawe maduze.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ikhanda lomkhuhlane lizwakala kanjani?

Ikhanda lomkhuhlane ngokuvamile lizwakala njengengcindezi engazelelwe, enamandla noma umuzwa oshaya ngamandla owenqaba ukudamba. Kungase kuhambisane nokuzwela ukukhanya, umsindo, kanye nephunga, okwenza umuzwa ungakhululeki nakakhulu. Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile bukhulu kakhulu kunekhanda elivamile futhi bungabhebhethekiswa ukuvuvukala kwemigodi yamakhala kanye neyesinus. 

2. Ngingalala kanjani nginekhanda lomkhuhlane?

Ukuphumula ngokwanele kubalulekile lapho ubhekene nekhanda lomkhuhlane. Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yokulala:

• Zixhase ngemicamelo ukuze udale iweji. Le ndawo ephakeme isiza ukwehlisa umfutho we-sinus futhi ivimbele ukuconsa kwangemva kokukhala, okungase kubangele ukukhwehlela nobuhlungu bomphimbo.
• Sebenzisa i-humidifier noma i-vaporiser ukuthambisa umoya, ukusiza ukuthulisa imigudu yamakhala eyomile kanye nokukhulula amafinyila.
• Geza ngamanzi afudumele ngaphambi kokulala ukuze ukhulule ukuminyana futhi ukhuthaze ukuphumula.
• Phuza noma udle okuthile okufudumele, njengetiye le-herbal noma isobho, ukuze usize ukukhulula umoya futhi upholise umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Uma ubuthongo buhlala bunzima, zama ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini epholile njengokulalela umculo opholile noma ukufunda ngaphambi kokubuyela embhedeni lapho uzizwa ukozela.

3. Liyini ikhambi lekhanda lomkhuhlane?

Ukuze udambise ikhanda lomkhuhlane kanye nezimpawu ezihambisana nayo, cabangela amakhambi alandelayo:

• Izidakamizwa ezidambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter kanye nemithi yamakhaza neyomkhuhlane
• Phuza amanzi amaningi, ama-herbal teas, nemihluzi ecacile ukuze ulwe nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Gwema imisebenzi ekhandlayo futhi uthole ukuphumula okuningi
• Faka i-compress efudumele ebunzini bakho nasekhaleni ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye nokungakhululeki kwe-sinus.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala, njengoba kungaphazamisa izinga lokulala futhi kungase kuphathe kabi ngemithi yamakhaza noma yomkhuhlane.