Umdlavuza Wesisu: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

Umdlavuza wesisu, owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wesisu, ukhula lapho amaseli esiswini eqala ukukhula ngendlela engalawuleki, akhe inqwaba ebizwa ngokuthi isisu. Njengoba isimila sikhula, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angasakazekela kwezinye izitho zomzimba ngokusebenzisa igazi noma i-lymph system. Ake sizame ukwenza ukuqonda kangcono ngomdlavuza wesisu, izinhlobo zawo ezihlukahlukene zomdlavuza wesisu kanye nomehluko phakathi kwazo.

Uyini Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Umdlavuza wesisu ubhekisela kumdlavuza okhula esiswini. Ngokuvamile iqala lapho amangqamuzana aphile kahle kulwelwesi lwesisu olungaphakathi impela eshintsha abe amaseli angavamile aphindaphindeka ngokushesha. Iningi lomdlavuza wesisu liwuhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinomas, oluvela kumaseli akha izindlala olwelweni lwesisu.

Ubani Othinta Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Amanye amaqembu anengozi ephezulu yomdlavuza wesisu, okuhlanganisa:

• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60
• Abantu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesisu
• Labo abanezimo ezithile zesisu njengezilonda
• Abantu ababhemayo ugwayi
• Labo abadla ukudla okunoshukela omningi noma okunosawoti omningi

Kodwa-ke, abantu abangenazo lezi zici eziyingozi bangaphinde babe nomdlavuza wesisu. Uma kutholwa futhi kwelashwa kusenesikhathi, ukubikezelwa ngokuvamile kuhle.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Wesisu

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza wesisu, kuye ngokuthi ziqala kuphi nokuthi ziziphatha kanjani, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Adenocarcinomas: I-Adenocarcinomas yenza cishe u-90-95% womdlavuza wesisu. Lezi zimila eziyingozi zivela kumangqamuzana e-glandular agudle isisu. I-Adenocarcinoma ingahlukaniswa futhi ibe yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
  • Uhlobo Lwamathumbu: Uhlobo lwamathumbu i-adenocarcinoma luvame ukuba ne-prognosis engcono futhi cishe luqukethe izici zofuzo ezivumela ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe. Lo mdlavuza ngokuvamile uhlala uvalelwe isisu isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokusakazekela kwezinye izindawo.
  • Uhlobo Lokusabalalisa: I-Diffuse-type adenocarcinomas ivame ukusabalala ngokushesha kunezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesisu. Uhlobo olusabalele aluvamile kangako kodwa luletha izinselele zokwelashwa ngenxa yokukhula ngokushesha kanye nokumetastases.
• I-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs): Ama-GIST awuhlobo lwe-sarcoma olusuka kumaseli akhethekile we-pacemaker asabalele ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Nakuba kungavamile, ama-GIST ayindlela evamile kakhulu i-sarcoma emgudwini wesisu. Ukuziphatha kwama-GIST kungahluka kakhulu - amanye akhula kancane, kanti amanye angasakazekela ku- isibindi kanye ne-peritoneum.
• I-Neuroendocrine Tumours: Izimila ze-Neuroendocrine zikhula kusuka kumaseli anezimpawu ze-nerve kanye ne-endocrine cell. Iningi likhula kancane, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zingakhula ngokushesha. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kuyehluka ngokwezinga lesimila kanye nesiteji.
• I-Lymphomas: I-Lymphomas ivela kuma-lymphocyte ahlanganisa amasosha omzimba. Ukusabalalisa i-B cell lymphoma enkulu kanye ne-extranodal marginal zone lymphoma noma i-"MALT lymphoma" zenzeka kaningi esiswini. Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lweseli kodwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa i-chemotherapy kanye ne-immunotherapy.

Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wesisu

Umdlavuza wesisu wasekuqaleni ngokuvamile awubonisi izimpawu eziningi ezisobala. Kodwa-ke, esimweni somdlavuza osuvele uthuthukile, ezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu be-epigastric obufana nokuqunjelwa noma ukucindezeleka kungenzeka njengoba i-asidi yesisu ilimaza izicubu zomdlavuza ezivuvukele. Iziguli zingase zizwe ukuzwela esiswini esingenhla-maphakathi, okufana ne isilonda izinhlungu.
• Ukuzwa kokudla okunamathela emphinjeni lapho ukugwinya kungase kubonise isimila esiswini sinciphisa indlela yokudla esiswini.
• Isilungulela njalo noma i-acid reflux ingakhula njengoba isimila esiswini esikhulayo sivimba ukuhamba kokudla kungene ukugaya ukudla ipheshana. 
• Ukuqunjelwa, isicanucanu, nokuphelelwa isifiso sokudla kwenzeka kwabaningi njengoba ukuvuvukala kwesimila kuphazamisa ukugaya okujwayelekile kanye nokukhipha isisu. Ukugcwala ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla nakho kuvame.
• Inqubekela phambili engachazwanga kwesisindo kungabonisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala noma ukusabalala komdlavuza kushisa amakholori engeziwe futhi kuphazamisa ukumuncwa komsoco.
• Ukukhathala njalo nokuba buthakathaka kuvame ukukhula njengoba umzimba usebenza okwengeziwe ukuze ulawule lesi sifo. Ukungathandi ukudla kunciphisa amandla atholakala ekudleni.
• Ukuvota equkethe imikhondo yegazi, ebukeka imnyama, ikhombisa ukopha kwangaphakathi kwe-GI engenhla kwesilonda.
• isiyezi kusuka emazingeni e-iron aphansi kwenzeka lapho ukopha kancane kancane kuthatha amaseli abomvu egazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Isisu ukuvuvukala endaweni yesisu kwenzeka lapho ama-metastase ekhulula uketshezi ezicutshini ezizungezile kanye ne-peritoneum.
• Skin amaqhubu nezinkinga ziyavela lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza osegazini asethuthukile ethatha amangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

Njengoba umdlavuza wesisu uvame ukusabalala egazini, noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile zomzimba zingase zibonise izindawo ezithintwa amangqamuzana angavamile futhi kufanele zihlolwe ngokushesha, njengoba lezi kungaba izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu. Ukuthola ukusabalala komdlavuza kusenesikhathi kungakhulisa izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu futhi kusize ngezimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu ezithuthukile.

Izimbangela Zomdlavuza Wesisu

Ngenkathi ucwaningo luqhubeka ngezimbangela eziyinkimbinkimbi zomdlavuza wesisu, abanye abahlanganyeli bahlanganisa:

• Ukudla: Ukudla okuphezulu ekudleni okubhemayo, okunosawoti, okunenitrate, noma okufakwe emanzini anosawoti kungalimaza ulwelwesi lwesisu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukudla okuphansi kwe-antioxidant nakho kunendima.
• Ukutheleleka: Ibhaktheriya ye-H. pylori ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-gastritis okungapheli kanye nokuguqulwa kwamaseli. Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingesinye isixhumanisi.
• Umlando Womndeni: Ukuba nesihlobo esiseduze nomdlavuza wesisu kwandisa ingozi. Ukuguqulwa okuthile kwezakhi zofuzo nakho kuphakamisa amathuba.
• Izinguquko Ze-Anatomy: Ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili, njengokususwa kwesisu ingxenye kanye nezimo ezifana ne-anemia eyingozi, nakho kwandisa ingozi.
• Indlela Yokuphila: Ukubhema ugwayi, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kotshwala, ukukhuluphala, nokungasebenzi kuphakathi kwezinye izici eziyingozi ezingagwenywa.
• Ukuchayeka Embonini: Ukuxhumana isikhathi eside nothuli lwamalahle, uthuli lwenjoloba, i-asbestos, nezinsimbi ezithile nakho kungase kube nomthelela engozini.
• Ukuthintana Nemisebe: Ukuchayeka emisebeni yokwelapha eminye imidlavuza.
• Ukungalingani kwe-Oncogene: Izinguquko zofuzo ezisheshisa ukukhula kweseli, njengokuguqulwa kwe-KRAS nokukhulisa ufuzo lwe-HER2, kungavumela ukuqhubeka kwesimila.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-gastric carcinoma kubangelwa izici eziningi, ezihlanganisa izakhi zofuzo, ezokudla, ezithathelwanayo, nabalamuli bemvelo. Ukunciphisa izingozi ezilawulekayo ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo kusiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wesisu.

Utholakala Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesisu kuhlanganisa:

• I-Endoscopy: Ishubhu lekhamera (i-endoscope) lidlula emlonyeni ukuze lihlole umgudu wokugaya ukudla. Uma kudingeka, bangathatha isampula lethishu elincane ukuze lihlolwe.
• I-Endoscopic Ultrasound: Le nqubo ihlanganisa i-endoscopy ne-ultrasound ukukhombisa izingqimba zezindonga zesisu.
• I-Barium Swallow: Isiguli sigwinya uketshezi oluqukethe i-barium kuyilapho sithola i-x-ray yomphimbo nesisu ngokucacile.
• I-CT Scan: Isebenza ngokubonisa izithombe zesisu ezinemininingwane kusetshenziswa ama-x-ray nobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Ukungafani komlomo nokwe-IV kungase kusetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala.
• I-PET Scan: Kubandakanya ukulandelela isisombululo sikashukela esinemisebe ethambile esijovwe emzimbeni ukwenza imephu yamaseli omdlavuza.
• I-Laparoscopy: Ishubhu elincanyana, elikhanyayo lifakwa esiswini ukuze kuhlolwe ukusabalala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ezithweni eziseduze.
• Igazi Ukuhlola: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ekutholeni i-anemia nezinye izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu.
• sezinyawo Ukuhlola: Lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukuhlola igazi elingavamile, okubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukopha esiswini.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukuthatha amasampula ezicubu ezincane ukuhlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuqinisekisa umdlavuza.

Welashwa Kanjani Umdlavuza Wesisu?

Izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu zincike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, isigaba, izici zesiguli, ubuchwepheshe obutholakalayo, nokuningi. Angase ahlanganise:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukukhipha sonke noma ingxenye yesisu (i-gastrectomy) kanye nendawo eseduze ama-lymph node. Izindlela ze-Laparoscopic zingase zibangele ukululama ngokushesha.
• Ukunakekela Okusekelayo (Okuthobisayo): Kugxile ekwandiseni ukunethezeka, ukulawula ubuhlungu, kanye nezinga lempilo lapho umdlavuza ungelapheki.

Ezinye izinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza we-Gastric zihlanganisa:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ukusebenzisa imishanguzo ye-IV ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila noma ngemva kokusiza ukuvimbela ukuphindeka.
• Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe: Ama-cancer athuthukile anamaphrofayili athile ofuzo angase aphendule kangcono emithini eqondiswe kulezo zici zamangqamuzana.
• immunotherapy: Imithi ikhulisa amasosha omzimba ukuze ibone futhi ihlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ibonise imiphumela ethembisayo yomdlavuza wesisu.
• I-Radiation Therapy: Ukusebenzisa imishayo ye-x-ray egxilile ukucekela phansi kanye nokunciphisa usayizi wesimila. Inganikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu uma isetshenziswa ngokudambisa.

Isiphetho

Umdlavuza wesisu usuka emangqamuzaneni esisu futhi ungasakazekela kuma-lymph nodes nakwezinye izitho uma ungabonwa kusenesikhathi. Ulwazi olubanzi lwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, amaphethini wezimpawu, izici zobungozi, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo kunikeza iziguli amandla okuthola ukwelashwa okufanele okuhambisana nesimo sazo. Ukuthola umdlavuza wesisu usaqala kuholela ekubikezelweni okungcono futhi kunomthelela ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wesisu.