I-Glaucoma: Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa

Kuningi izinhlobo zezifo zamehlo lokho kubeka amehlo ethu engozini. I-glaucoma ingenye yalezo zimo zezokwelapha ezingalimaza i-optic nerve, ingxenye ebalulekile esisiza ekuboneni. I-optic nerve yethu idlulisa izithombe ezibukwayo zisuka emehlweni akho ziye ebuchosheni.

Lapho umfutho we-intraocular ukhuphuka esweni, ulimaza i-optic nerve. I-optic nerve eyonakele ingathinta ukubona noma, kwezinye izimo, ingaholela ebumpumputhe. I-glaucoma ingaba yisimo sofuzo esisebenza emndenini. Nokho, umuntu uhlushwa yilesi simo kamuva ekuphileni kwakhe. 

Masifunde okwengeziwe nge-Glaucoma.

Izimpawu ze-Glaucoma

I-glaucoma ye-open-angle eyinhloko ibonakala kakhulu ezigulini ezine-glaucoma. Ikhula kancane kancane ibe ukulahlekelwa umbono, ngaphandle kokuthi ayinazo izimpawu noma izimpawu. Uma uthola noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe wamehlo ukuze uthole izizathu. Ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu ze-glaucoma umuntu angase abhekane nazo yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu beso obungaba nzima
• Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
• Ububomvu emehlweni
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona noma ukungaboni kahle 
• Isiguli sibona izindandatho ezinemibala ezungeze izibani

Ingemuva leso likhiqiza uketshezi olucacile olwaziwa ngokuthi i-aqueous humour. Ingxenye engaphambili yeso igcwele lolu ketshezi. Iphuma esweni ngamashaneli. Uma lezi ziteshi zivaleke kancane noma zivaleke ngokuphelele, uketshezi luqala ukukhula njengoba amehlo eqala ukukhiqiza okuningi kakhulu. Lokhu kuphazamisa ingcindezi yemvelo esweni noma ingcindezi ye-intraocular. Uma umfutho ukhuphuka, ulimaza i-optic nerve futhi ukuqhubeka kwalo monakalo kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwamehlo. 

I-glaucoma ingaba yisifo esitholwa ngofuzo noma ngenxa yalokho ingase yenzeke ngenxa yomfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukungenwa yizifo zamehlo, ukuvaleka kwamanzi esweni, ukuvuvukala, njll. Kukholakala ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kwamehlo okwenziwa ngenxa yesinye isizathu kungase kubangele i-glaucoma, nakuba kunjalo kwenzeka kuyaqabukela.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Glaucoma

Ukuxilongwa akuthathi isikhathi esiningi futhi akubuhlungu. I ophthalmologist ibeka amaconsi anwebekayo ukunweba abafundi ukuze amehlo ahlolwe. I-optic nerve ihlolwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini i-glaucoma. Izithombe zithathwa ukuze zivakashelwe esikhathini esizayo. 

I-Tonometry, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ukucindezela kwamehlo kwenziwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukulahleka kombono we-peripheral. Uma udokotela ezwa ukuthi une-glaucoma, ungase welulekwe ukuba uthole ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-imaging ye-optic nerve.

Ukwelashwa kweGlaucoma

Ukwelashwa kwe-glaucoma ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa amaconsi iso kanye nemithi yomlomo. Udokotela angase futhi akweluleke ngokuhlinzwa nge-laser noma i-microsurgery yokwehlisa umfutho woketshezi olusesweni lakho uma kudingeka. 

1. Amaconsi wamehlo: Ukuze wehlise umfutho we-intraocular (umfutho we-fluid weso), amaconsi wamehlo anqunyelwe. Zehlisa isizukulwane samanzi noma zandise ukugeleza okuphuma esweni. 
2. Imithi okufanele iphuzwe ngomlomo: Kukhona ama-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors nama-beta blockers angase anqunywe udokotela. Nazo futhi zenzelwe ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa koketshezi noma ukwandisa amanzi. 
3. Ukuhlinzwa Laser: Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser kungakhuphula ukugeleza koketshezi olusuka esweni uma kuba ne-glaucoma evulekile. 

I-Microsurgery-Isiteshi esisha senziwe udokotela owaziwa nge-trabeculectomy ukukhipha uketshezi. Le nqubo ngokuvamile idinga ukuphindaphindwa. Kukhona ubungozi obuthile obuhambisana nale nqubo njengokopha, ukutheleleka, nokulahlekelwa ukubona kwesikhashana.

Ukuvimbela I-Glaucoma

• Hamba uyohlolwa amehlo njalo. 
• Yazi ngomlando womndeni wakho. Labo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 futhi abanomlando womndeni we-glaucoma bayelulekwa ukuthi bahlole amehlo njalo eminyakeni engu-1-2. 
• Lalela uchwepheshe wamehlo akho bese ulandela imiyalelo yakhe ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe emehlweni akho. 
• Ukuzivocavoca kuyasiza ekubameni kahle konke okuhlanganisa namehlo akho. 
• Vikela amehlo akho uma kudingeka ngezingubo zamehlo, njengokuhlola amakhemikhali noma ukusebenza kuphrojekthi ethile eqhumisa uthuli oluningi noma ezinye izinhlayiya.

Isiphetho

Uma unomuzwa wokuthi noma womabili amehlo akho anezinkinga ezinkulu, ngokushesha bonana nodokotela wamehlo wakho futhi uwahlole. Thatha imithi ebekiwe njalo futhi ulandele imiyalelo enikezwa udokotela kuhlanganise nokuvakasha kokulandelela. Impilo yamehlo akho ibalulekile futhi noma ungenazo izinkinga, kufanele uhlole kanye njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3.