I-Hemiplegia: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa Nokuvimbela

I-Hemiplegia, noma ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba, kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu ngenxa yokunyakaza okuvinjelwe. Ngokusekelwa nokwelashwa okufanele, ukunqoba izinselele zayo kanye nokuzimela kungenzeka. Le bhulogi egcwele ihlola izimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-hemiplegia, inikeza ithemba namasu asebenzayo. Siyayiqonda inselele yalolu hambo, kodwa awuwedwa. Ndawonye, ​​singazulazula kulezi zinselele futhi sithole indlela engcono yekusasa eliqhakazile. Masithathe lesi sinyathelo ngesinyathelo, siqinisekise ukuthi unamathuluzi nolwazi lokuphila impilo eyanelisayo naphezu kwe-hemiplegia.

Iyini i-Hemiplegia?

I-Hemiplegia yisifo sezinzwa esibonakala ngokukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise unhlangothi, ubuchopho obubuhlungu noma ukulimala komgogodla, noma izifo ezithile zezinzwa, zingase zibangele. Abantu abane-hemiplegia bavame ukubhekana nobunzima bokuhamba, ukusebenzisana, nemisebenzi yansuku zonke, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, bangafunda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi baphumelele. I-Hemiplegia ingathinta noma uhlangothi lwesokudla lomzimba wakho (i-hemiplegia engakwesokudla) noma ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba wakho (i-hemiplegia yesobunxele).

Izinkinga ze-Hemiplegia

Izici ezilandelayo ziyizingxenye ezinomthelela we-hemiplegia:

• Isifo sohlangothi: Ingqondo unhlangothi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokunikezwa kwegazi ebuchosheni bomuntu, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukulimala kwezicubu zobuchopho. Kungabangela i-hemiplegia ohlangothini lomzimba oluphambene nesifunda sobuchopho esithintekile.
• I-Traumatic Brain Injury: Ikhanda elinzima futhi ukulimala komgogodla, njengalezo ezitholakala engozini noma ekuweni, zingalimaza ubuchopho futhi ziholele ekubeni ne- hemiplegia.
• Izifo Zezinzwa: Izimo ezithile zemizwa, njenge multiple sclerosis, Isifo sikaParkinson, noma izimila ebuchosheni, nazo zingase zibangele i-hemiplegia.
• Izimo Zokuzalwa: Kwezinye izimo, i-hemiplegia ingase ibe khona kusukela ekuzalweni ngenxa yokungajwayelekile kwentuthuko noma ukulimala kwengqondo okwenzeka ngesikhathi. ukukhulelwa noma ukubeletha.
• Ukutheleleka: Izifo ezithile ezithinta isimiso sakho sezinzwa, njenge-meningitis, i-encephalitis, i-Ramsay Hunt syndrome, noma i-leukoencephalopathy eqhubekayo ye-multifocal (ukutheleleka kobuchopho okungavamile), kungaholela ku-hemiplegia.
• I-Aneurysm: Izindawo ezibuthakathaka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi ezingaqhuma futhi zibangele i-hemiplegia.
• I-Brain haemorrhage: Ukopha ebuchosheni bakho kanye nezingqimba zayo ezingaphandle eziyisivikelo, njenge-subarachnoid haemorrhage noma i-subdural haemorrhage, noma phakathi kogebhezi nolwelwesi olungaphandle lobuchopho (epidural hematoma), nakho kungaholela e-hemiplegia.
• Izifo ze-Neurodeergenerative: Kwezinye izimo, izimo ezifana I-Alzheimer's or I-Parkinson lokho kulimaza kancane kancane izicubu zobuchopho kungabangela i-hemiplegia.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Ze-Hemiplegia

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-hemiplegia ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. Lesi simo singabonakala kanje:

• Ubunzima bokunyakaza noma ukusebenzisana ohlangothini oluthintekile
• Ukuncipha kwethoni yemisipha noma imisipha yemisipha
• Ukuzwa okuncishisiwe noma umuzwa ohlangothini oluthintekile
• Ubunzima bokubamba noma ukubambelela ezintweni
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukugwinya
• Ukuwohloka noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha yobuso ohlangothini olulodwa
• Ukonakala kombono njengokubona kabili noma ukulahlekelwa inkambu yokubuka ohlangothini oluthintekile
• Ibhalansi ekhubazekile nokuxhumana
• Izinguquko zengqondo noma zemizwa, njengobunzima benkumbulo, ukunaka, noma isimo sengqondo
• Kwezinye izimo, abantu abane-hemiplegia bangase bazwe ubuhlungu, ukuncenceza, noma okunye ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa ohlangothini oluthintekile lomzimba.

Itholakala Kanjani I-Hemiplegia?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hemiplegia kuhilela inhlanganisela yomlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa kokuxilonga. Udokotela angenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Udokotela uzohlola ithoni yemisipha yomuntu ngamunye, ingqondo, nokuxhumana ukuze anqume izinga nendawo yokukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Udokotela uzohlola ukusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu, inkulumo, kanye nombono wezinzwa ukuhlonza ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging (CT scans, MRIs, PET scans) kungakhomba imbangela eyisisekelo ye-hemiplegia, njenge-hemiplegia. unhlangothi, ukulimala kwengqondo, noma isimo sezinzwa.
• I-Electromyography (EMG): I-EMG ibheka umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha yethu futhi ingasiza ekuboneni imizwa ethile noma ukukhubazeka kwemisipha okuhambisana ne-hemiplegia.

Yelashwa Kanjani I-Hemiplegia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hemiplegia ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela ye-multidisciplinary, kuhlanganise:

• Ukwelapha ngokomzimba: Ukwelapha ngokomzimba iyisengezo esibalulekile ekwelashweni kwe-hemiplegia. Igxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba, amandla, nokuxhumana ohlangothini oluthintekile lomzimba. Abelaphi bangasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene, njengokuthi umzimba, izinto ezinwebekayo, nezisizayo, ukusiza abantu ngabanye ukuba baphinde bafunde futhi bathuthukise amakhono abo omzimba.
• I-Occupational Therapy: Ukwelapha emsebenzini kusiza abantu abane-hemiplegia ukuthi bazivumelanise nemisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke futhi bafunde amasu amasha okunqoba izinselele ababhekana nazo. Lokhu kwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa izinto zokusiza, okokusebenza okuguquguqukayo, namasu okuthuthukisa ukuzinakekela, imisebenzi yasendlini, nemisebenzi ehlobene nomsebenzi.
• Ukwelapha Ngenkulumo: Ukwelapha ngenkulumo kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana, ukugwinya, kanye nezinga lempilo jikelele kubantu abane-hemiplegia abanenkinga yokukhuluma noma yokugwinya.
• Imithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi yokuphatha isimo esicashile, ukunciphisa i-muscle spasticity, noma ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obuhambisana ne-hemiplegia.
• Ukungenelela Kokuhlinzwa: Ezimweni ezingavamile, izindlela zokuhlinzwa zingase zidingeke ukubhekana nezinkinga ezithile zemizwa noma ze-musculoskeletal ezihlobene ne-hemiplegia, njengokufaka i-neurostimulator noma ukukhulula imisipha enenkontileka.
• Ukusekelwa Kwengqondo: Ukubhekana nomthelela ongokwengqondo nengokomzwelo we-hemiplegia kungaba inselele. Amaqembu okusekela kanye nokwelulekwa kungasiza abantu ukuba balawule izici zemizwa zesimo.

Ingavinjelwa Kanjani I-Hemiplegia?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvimbela i-hemiplegia, kunezinyathelo ezithile ezingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi:

• Phatha Izimo Zezempilo Eziyisisekelo: Izimo ezifana nalezi sikashukela, phezulu ukushaya kwegazi, nesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi singenza umuntu abe sengozini yokushaywa unhlangothi, okuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-hemiplegia. Ukugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuphatha lezi zimo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi.
• Vimbela Ukulimala Ekhanda: Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukulimala ekhanda, njengokugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela phakathi nemisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili noma imidlalo, kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu okuholela ku-hemiplegia.
• Funa Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha Okusheshayo: Uma umuntu ehlangabezana nezimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi noma esinye isenzakalo semizwa, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungasiza ukunciphisa umonakalo futhi kuthuthukise amathuba okululama.
• Zibandakanye Ekuvivinyeni Okujwayelekile: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kungasiza ukugcina amandla emisipha, ukusebenzisana, kanye nempilo yonke, kuzuzise abantu abasengozini ye-hemiplegia.
• Ukugwema Imikhuba Engalungile: Ukuyeka ukubhema futhi ukugwema utshwala ngokweqile kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi.

Umfonele Nini Udokotela

Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha uma umuntu ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, njengoba zingase zibonise i-hemiplegia noma isimo semizwa esihlobene:

• Ubuthakathaka obungazelelwe noma ukukhubazeka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda inkulumo
• Ukuqala kokuqina okungazelelwe bekhanda
• isiyezi, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, noma ubunzima bokusebenzisana
• Izinguquko ezisheshayo embonweni noma nobunzima bokubona
• Kunzima ukugwinya

Isiphetho

I-Hemiplegia yisimo esiyinselele esingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu, kodwa ngokusekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa, kungenzeka ukunqoba izinselele futhi ubuyisele ukuzimela komuntu. Ngokuzenza bazazi izimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nokuphathwa kwe-hemiplegia, abantu ngabanye kanye nemindeni yabo bangathatha izinyathelo ezihlanganisiwe zokuthuthukisa izinga labo lokuphila.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-hemiplegia ne-hemiparesis?

I-Hemiplegia kanye ne-hemiparesis yizimo ezitholakalayo kodwa ezihlukene. I-Hemiplegia ibhekisela ekukhubazekeni okuphelele kohlangothi olulodwa lomzimba, kuyilapho i-hemiparesis ibhekisela ebuthakathakeni obuyingxenye noma ukonakala kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba. Zombili lezi zimo zingase zibangelwe yizimbangela ezifanayo eziwumsuka, njengokushaywa unhlangothi noma ukulimala kobuchopho, kodwa ubukhulu bokonakala buyahluka.

2. Yimuphi umsipha owonakele ku-hemiplegia?

Ku-hemiplegia, umonakalo uvame ukwenzeka epheshaneni le-corticospinal, umzila oyinhloko we-motor oxhuma i-cerebral cortex (ungqimba olungaphandle oluvikelayo lobuchopho) umgogodla kanye nemisipha. Izici ezihlukahlukene, njengokushaywa unhlangothi, ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, noma ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kungabangela lo monakalo wezinzwa.

3. Yiziphi izinkinga ze-hemiplegia?

Izinkinga ze-hemiplegia zingabandakanya:

• I-muscle spasticity kanye nezinkontileka
• Ubuhlungu behlombe kanye ne-subluxation
• Ukuwohloka kwesikhumba kanye nezilonda zengcindezi
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Izinguquko zengqondo nezomzwelo
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya
• Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuwa nokuphuka
• Ukuphatha nokuvuselela ngendlela efanele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma kunciphise lezi zinkinga.

4. I-hemiplegia ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude besikhathi se-hemiplegia bungahluka kakhulu futhi buncike esisizathu esiyisisekelo kanye nokusabela komuntu ekwelashweni. Ezimweni zokushaywa unhlangothi, ukukhubazeka kokuqala noma ubuthakathaka kungase kuthuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukululama okuningi kwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala ezingu-3-6. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nokukhubazeka okuyinsalela iminyaka noma impilo yonke. Ekulimaleni okubuhlungu kobuchopho noma izimo ze-neurological, ubude be-hemiplegia bungase buhluke kakhulu futhi bungase budinge ukuphathwa nokuvuselelwa kwesikhathi eside.

5. Umuntu one-hemiplegia angakwazi yini ukuhamba?

Yebo, abantu abane-hemiplegia bangakwazi ukuphinde bakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa ngokuvamile kudinga ukuvuselelwa okubanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisizayo. Ukwelapha ngokomzimba kubalulekile ekusizeni abantu abane-hemiplegia ukuthi baphinde bafunde futhi bathuthukise ukuhamba kwabo, ukulinganisela, nokuxhumana.