I-Hepatitis A: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Izinto Eziyingozi kanye Nokwelashwa

Ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kungaba buhlungu, kube bomvu, futhi kuvuvuke, njengoba kunjalo ngesifo sokusha kwesibindi. Amagciwane ahlukahlukene alolu hlobo akhona, abangela wona. Ezimweni ezinzima ze-hepatitis, noma uhlobo oluhlala isikhashana, igciwane le-hepatitis A (HAV) kanye negciwane le-hepatitis E ngokuvamile liphakathi kwama-ejenti. Kule bhulogi, sizogxila kakhulu ku-hepatitis A: incazelo yaso, abantu abangase babhekane nayo, indlela yokudlulisela phambili, izimpawu/izinkomba ezizibonakalisa ohlelweni lomzimba, kanye nendlela yokwelapha nokusivimbela. 

Iyini i-Hepatitis A?

I-Hepatitis A iyingozi ukutheleleka kwesibindi okubangelwa igciwane le-hepatitis A elithathelwana kalula kwabanye. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokudla namanzi angcolile noma ngokusondelana nomuntu onalesi sifo.

Akubangeli ukulimala kwesibindi okungapheli njengezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu esevele enesifo sesibindi, kungase kuholele ekuguleni okubi kakhulu nasekuhlulekeni kwesibindi.

Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A sivamile emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinenhlanzeko nenhlanzeko. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokukhucululwa kwendle emphakathini nokugonywa, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A sehlile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kuhlanganise ne-United States. Noma kunjalo, ukuqubuka kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abasengozini enkulu.

Izimpawu ze-Hepatitis A

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile kubantu abadala zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka
• Fever
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olungakwesokudla lapho isibindi sikhona
• Uhudo
• Indle ephaphathekile noma enombala wobumba
• Umchamo omnyama
• ubuhlungu Joint
• I-Jaundice - ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo

Ubani Osengozini Ye-Hepatitis A?

Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-hepatitis A uma echayeke kuleli gciwane, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Izinto ezinobungozi zifaka:  

• Ukuhambela amazwe anezinga eliphezulu le-hepatitis A
• Ukunakekela umuntu one-hepatitis A
• Izinhlobo ezithile zokuthintana ngokocansi (njengocansi lomlomo-endunu)
• Izidakamizwa zokungcebeleka ngomlomo, nangemijovo
• Ukusebenza nama-primates atheleleke ngegciwane le-hepatitis A
• Isifo esingalapheki sesibindi
• Amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka

Emhlabeni wonke, isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A sivamile ezindaweni ezinesimiso esibi sokukhucululwa kwendle, inhlanzeko, nezimo zokuphila eziminyene. Izingane kule miphakathi zivame ukutheleleka zisencane futhi zibe nokuvikeleka komzimba, okuholela ekuthelelekeni okungenamandla kamuva lapho esekhulile.

Igciwane le-Hepatitis A lisakazwa ngendlela ye-faecal-oral. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa i-hepatitis A esakazeka ngayo njengokudla noma ukuphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcolile. I-Hepatitis A ingangcolisa ukudla noma nini - ngenkathi ikhula, ivuna, icutshungulwa, iphathwa, noma ipheka. Ukungcola kuvame kakhulu lapho ukukhucululwa kwendle nokuhlanzeka kungalungile.

I-Hepatitis A ingasakazeka cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi nangesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpawu. Abanye abantu abanaleli gciwane, ikakhulukazi izingane, kungenzeka bangalokothi babonise izimpawu kodwa basengathelelana.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hepatitis A

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A. Ukutheleleka kumele kuqhubeke. Ukuphatha kugcizelela ukukhululeka kwezimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Izinyathelo zokunakekelwa kwasekhaya zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula embhedeni ngesikhathi sesigaba esibuhlungu
• Ukuhlala u-hydrated - ukuphuza amanzi, ama-broths, ama-herbal teas, izixazululo ze-electrolyte
• Ukudla okuncane, njalo, ukudla okunomsoco njengoba kubekezelelwe
• Ukugwema utshwala, imishanguzo, kanye nezithako kuze kube yilapho ululama
• Ukufaka okhilimu abapholile noma okugeza i-oatmeal esikhumbeni esilumayo

Thola usizo lwezempilo uma izimpawu zinzima noma usengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga. Udokotela wakho angancoma:

• Uketshezi lwe-IV uma luphelelwe amanzi
• Imithi yokuqeda isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqapha ukusebenza kwesibindi
• Akuvamile, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kungase kudingeke kubantu abanenkinga yesibindi noma izinkinga zokopha

Gwema ukuthelela abanye abantu ngesikhathi sokugula ngokuhlala uhlanzekile futhi ungalungiseleli abanye ukudla. Yazisa oxhumana nabo abaseduze mayelana nokutheleleka.

Ungakuvimbela Kanjani

Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A. Umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis A uphephile futhi uyasebenza, unikeza ukuzivikela okuhlala isikhathi eside kubantu abangaba ngu-95-100%.

I-CDC ivumela ukugonywa kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A kuzo zonke izingane ezisacathula eziqala zineminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Iphinde iphakanyiswe emaqenjini athile asengozini enkulu.

Ukugonywa ngaphambi kokuchayeka kulungele:

• Abahambi abaya emazweni anesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A esimaphakathi noma esiphezulu
• Amadoda alala namadoda
• Abantu abasebenzisa izinto zokungcebeleka
• Abantu abane isifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona
• Abantu abane-clotting element engavamile
• Abantu abasebenzisana nezilwane ezifuywayo ezine-hepatitis A noma ezikhungweni zocwaningo nge-hepatitis A

Esimeni sokuchayeka ku-hepatitis A, ukwelashwa kwe-post-exposure prophylaxis kuyelulekwa phakathi kwamaviki ama-2 wokuthintana. Lokhu kubandakanya noma:

• Umthamo womgomo we-hepatitis A
• Umjovo we-hepatitis A immune globulin, ohlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwesikhashana

Kanye nokugoma, ukwenza inhlanzeko nokukhucululwa kwendle kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A:

• Geza izandla ngensipho namanzi ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ukushintsha amanabukeni, ngaphambi kokudla/ukulungisa ukudla
• Pheka ukudla kahle, ugeze izithelo/imifino
• Sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni uma uhamba
• Zijwayeze ukusondelana okuphephile ngokusebenzisa ama-prophylactics
• Ungabelani ngezinaliti ze-hypodermic noma izixubho
• Hlanza amagciwane ngekhambi elisekelwe kwi-bleach

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Bheka udokotela wakho uma:

• Usola ukuthi uke wachayeka ku-Hepatitis A muva nje
• Unezimpawu zeHepatitis A ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezi-2
• Unezimpawu ezinzima njengokuhlanza, ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, imfiva, indle enombala wobumba
• Unesikhumba esiphuzi noma amehlo
• Unobuthakathaka izivikeli mzimba

Udokotela wakho anga-oda ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlonze i-Hepatitis A futhi aqaphe isimo sakho. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezimpawu ezinzima kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Uhlolojikelele HEV

I-Hepatitis E, njenge-hepatitis A, nayo iyigciwane lesandulela ngculazi elibangela i-hepatitis eyingozi. Ivamisile emazweni asathuthuka kodwa ayivelakancane emazweni athuthukile.

Indle ethelelekile esakazwa emanzini okuphuza angcolile yakha umzila oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kwe-Hepatitis E, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuzikhulula ezivulekile.

Izimpawu ziyafana nezesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo A- ukukhathala, ukufisa ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye ne-jaundice. I-Hepatitis E nayo ayinaso isikhathi eside futhi ayilokothi iholele ekulimaleni kwesibindi. Iningi labantu lilulama ngokugcwele phakathi kwamaviki ama-4 kuya kwayisi-6.

Lapho abesifazane abakhulelwe bethola isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo E, singase sibe sibi kakhulu ngezinga eliphezulu lokufa. Nokho, ayinakho ukwelashwa okuqondile ngaphandle kokuphumula noketshezi. Imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko kanye nokubilisa noma ukuhlunga amanzi kuvimbela ukutheleleka.

Isifinyezo

I-Hepatitis A isifo esithathelwanayo kodwa esifushane segciwane esibindini esibangelwa ukudla noma ukuthintana nendle egcwele ukudla namanzi. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhathala, ukuthambekela kokuhlanza, umkhuhlane kanye nokuba phuzi kwesikhumba. Izinto eziyingozi zihlanganisa ukuya phesheya, ikakhulukazi emazweni ampofu anezindlu zangasese ezinganele, ukwabelana ngezinaliti phakathi kwemilutha yezidakamizwa, ukuhlala ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala unomphela, kanye nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu empofu noma engekho egcinwe phakathi kwabantu abaphila ngaphansi komugqa wobumpofu. Ukugoma kanye nezinqubo ezifanele zokukhucululwa kwendle kanye nenhlanzeko kungavimbela i-Hepatitis A, kuyilapho ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo okuphuthumayo kungavimbela izinkinga ezifana ne-cirrhosis, ezingaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi.