I-Hives (Urticaria): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa, Ukuvimbela Nokwelashwa

I-Hives, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-urticaria, yisimo sesikhumba esivamile esibonakala ngokubomvu, okulumayo esikhumbeni. Kungenzeka ngenxa yezici ezihlukahlukene kanye nezigaba zobunzima ukusuka komnene kuye kobunzima. Ngenkathi ama-hive acute ehlala izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, okungapheliyo isifuba singaqhubeka izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ngokujabulisayo, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ziyatholakala ukuze zinikeze usizo. Lesi sihloko esibanzi sihlanganisa zonke izici ezibalulekile ezizungeze isifuba.

Izinkinga zeHives

Ukuqubuka kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omzimba ekhulula i-histamine namanye amakhemikhali, okuholela ekuvuvukeni, ukuvuza koketshezi, kanye nokuluma okukhulu kwesikhumba. Imele impendulo engavamile yokuzivikela komzimba ezintweni ezingase zibangele, njenge:

• Ukungezwani komzimba nokudla, imithi, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, noma ukulunywa
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane
• Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa ashisayo noma abandayo
• Ukuchayeka elangeni esikhumbeni
• Ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo
• Izimbangela ezingokomzimba ezifana nengcindezi, izingubo ezimpintshayo, noma ukudlidliza okuvela ekugijimeni
• iziyaluyalu sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba
• Amazinga e-hormonal ashintshashintshayo

Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela yokuqubuka kwesifo ihlala ingaziwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko ezincane zokudla noma ukucindezeleka kungase kubangele iziqephu ngaphandle komthombo ocacile.

Izimpawu zeHives

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvela okungazelelwe kwama-welts abomvu, avuvukele kanye nama-flare patches esikhumbeni.
  • Lezi zingavela ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, ngokubonakala cishe ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba.
  • Ama-welts ekuqaleni angafana nezimpawu zokulunywa yizinambuzane noma ukulunywa kwe-nettle ngaphambi kokunwebeka ezindaweni ezinkulu ezinamabala.
• Izilonda zezinyosi ngazinye ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu nokuma.
  • Izidleke zasendaweni ezincane zingahlala zilingana nohlamvu lwemali.
  • Amasondo amakhulu ahlanganisiwe angase anwebe izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba, ezingafika kumayintshi ambalwa ububanzi.
  • Umumo wazo ulokhu ushintsha ukusuka kusiyingi ukuya kumaphethini amise okwendandatho njengoba eguquka noma encipha.
• Ukuvutha, ukuluma kohlobo olulumayo noma ukulunywa.
  • Lokhu kungasukela ekulume kancane kuya ekulume kakhulu, okuvusa inkanuko yokunwaya.
  • Umuzwa wokuluma ubonakala udlondlobala ngokusekelwe enanini nosayizi wezinyosi ezikhona.
• Ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu okujulile okubizwa ngokuthi i-angioedema.
  • Kwezinye izimo, ukukhishwa kwe-histamine kubangela ukuvuvukala kwezingqimba zesikhumba sesikhumba ezijulile, ukuvuvuka, ukushuba, amabala abuhlungu azungeze izindawo ezifana namehlo, izindebe, izandla, noma izitho zangasese.
  • I-angioedema yomphimbo ingase ivimbe ukuphefumula ngendlela eyingozi.

Ama-welts angavela noma kuphi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Nakuba ungakhululekile, izidleke ngokuvamile azibeki izingozi ezinkulu zempilo. Nokho, ukuvuvukala emphinjeni noma ebusweni kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Sifo

Ukuxilonga kahle isifuba, odokotela baqale bahlole ukubukeka kwamasondo. Baphinde bahlole izixhumanisi ezingaba khona ngomlando onemininingwane, ohlanganisa ulwazi mayelana:

• Usayizi oqondile, umumo, nokusatshalaliswa kwezilonda.
• Ukuvama, ukuqina, kanye nezimbangela zokuqubuka kwezifo.
• Izifo ezikhona, njengezifo, zomdlavuza, noma izimo ze-autoimmune.
• Imithi yakamuva, ukudla, noma ukuchayeka komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ukuthola izimo ezihambisanayo ezifana nalezi abanale nkinga noma ukungezwani komzimba. Akuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Ukugcina idayari yezimpawu kusiza ukusungula amaphethini.

Ukwelashwa

Isidingo kanye nohlobo lokwelashwa kuncike ezicini eziningi, njengokuqina nokuphinda kwezimpawu:

• Ama-hives amnene
  • Lawa ngokuvamile asabela kahle kuma-antihistamine omlomo afana ne-cetirizine, i-loratadine, noma i-fexofenadine, avimba ama-histamine receptors, anikeze impumuzo ekulunyweni. 
  • Ukhilimu we-topical hydrocortisone usiza ngokuvuvukala kwesikhumba kwendawo. 
  • Ukuhlonza nokugwema izibangeli nakho kubalulekile.
• Ukuvutha okukhulu
  • Ama-antihistamine e-H1 anamandla anikeza inzuzo elinganiselwe lapho inqwaba yezilonda ze-hives ibangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu. 
  • Inkambo emfushane ye-oral corticosteroids njenge-prednisone isebenza ngokushesha ukuxazulula ukuvuvukala. 
  • Ama-immunosuppressants anamandla ngezinye izikhathi angase adingeke kuma-angioedema flares avimbela imigudu yokuphefumula.
• Isifuba esingapheli
  • I-corticosteroids yedosi ephansi ayikwazi ukuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngenxa yemiphumela engemihle. 
  • Ama-immunomodulators avamile, njenge-cyclosporine, enciphisa ukusebenza ngokweqile kokuzivikela komzimba, asiza ekufinyeleleni ukukhululwa kwezifo. 
  • I-Biologics, njenge-omalizumab, ibonisa amazinga okuphendula amahle ngokukhomba izindlela ezithile zokuvuvukala.
• Izimpawu eziphikisayo 
  • I-Phototherapy, i-immunoglobulin ene-intravenous, ne-plasmapheresis yenziwa lapho izidakamizwa zomugqa wokuqala nowesibili zihluleka, ngaphambi kokucabangela izinketho zokuhlola.

Ukuhlonza nokugwema izibangeli, ukuhlala upholile, nokulawula amazinga okukhathazeka/ukucindezeleka nakho kusiza ukunciphisa ukuqubuka okuphindelelayo kanye nemithi.

Izinkinga

Ama-Hives ngokuvamile awabangeli izinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi eside noma izinkinga ezingamahlalakhona ngokwazo. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga ezilandelayo zingavela:

• Izifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa amagciwane ngenxa yokuklwebheka ngokweqile
• Ukuvuvukala okuyingozi empilweni emphinjeni (i-angioedema) okuholela ebunzimeni bokuphefumula
• Ukulahlekelwa ubuthongo obukhulu, ukukhubazeka kwemisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukwehlisa izinga lokuphila

Uma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ubunzima bokugwinya, noma ukwehla komfutho wegazi kuvela, thintana nezinsizakalo zezempilo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Prevention

Nakuba kuyinselele ukuvimbela ukuphindeka okungalindelekile, usengakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele:

• Gwema ukudla okwaziwayo noma izimbangela zemithi.
• Hlala upholile ngokwanele futhi ugcwele amanzi.
• Zivocavoce ngokuqapha.
• Funda ukuphatha ingcindezi ngempumelelo ngokwelulekwa noma amasu afana nokuzindla.
• Geza/shintsha izingubo kulandela ukuchayeka ungahlosile ezintweni ezisolekayo.
• Thatha ama-antihistamine anqunyiwe njalo njengoba uyaliwe.

Nakuba ukuxolelwa kuvame ukwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwelashwa okufanele kusenesikhathi kusiza ekulawuleni izifo ezingamahlalakhona

Imithi Yasekhaya Ye-Hives

Amakhambi athile emvelo angase anikeze ukukhululeka okwengeziwe ezidlekeni lapho ehlanganiswa nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha:

• Imiminya ebandayo yokupholisa ngokushesha 
  • Ukufaka indwangu yokugeza ebandayo ezidlekeni kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala futhi kudambise ukulunywa ngokuminyanisa imithambo yegazi.
• Ukugeza kwe-Oatmeal ukuze kudambise isikhumba esicasuliwe
  • I-Oatmeal iqeda ukulunywa ngezindawo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala. 
  • Engeza inkomishi eyodwa emanzini okugeza afudumele. 
  • Ngaphandle kwalokho, sebenzisa izinto zokuhlanza ezine-oatmeal ezipholile.
• Ama-moisturiser alula ukuze anikeze isikhumba amanzi 
  • Amashawa avamile ayasusa ukuvikela isikhumba amafutha emvelo, ukomisa okubi kakhulu. 
  • Gcoba okhilimu abathambisayo abanganamakha.
• Izingubo zikakotini ezixegayo, eziphefumulayo 
  • Gwema uvolo nezingubo ezimpintshayo ezingase zishise kakhulu isikhumba noma zidale ukungqubuzana, okuholela ekuqubukeni.
• Amakhambi e-Herbal 
  • I-Chamomile/i-green tea compresses, i-licorice, i-nettle, i-turmeric, namafutha e-primrose yakusihlwa kubonakala kunenzuzo kwezinye iziguli. 
  • Xoxa ngokufaneleka nodokotela kuqala mayelana nomthamo kanye nokusebenzisana okungenzeka kwemithi yemithi.

Nakuba engasebenzi ngendlela yonke, lawa masu ahlukile asebenziseka kalula ahlinzeka ngezinketho ezengeziwe ukuze zisize ukulawula ukuvela kwesifuba kangcono.

Ngesikhathi sokubona udokotela

Hlela ukubonana nodokotela kusenesikhathi uma uhlangabezana:

• Ukuvuvukala kobuso/emphinjeni, okuholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula
• I-Hives engalawulwa yi-over-the-counter antihistamines
• Izimpawu ezivamile ziphikelela emavikini angu-6
• Ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwemisebenzi evamile/ubuthongo

Odokotela besikhumba bangakwazi ukuhlola kangcono izimo zokuqunjelwa okungamahlalakhona, ukuxilonga noma yisiphi isimo sezokwelapha esicashile, futhi banikeze ukwelashwa okufanele.

Isiphetho

Ama-Hives amelela impendulo engavamile yokuzivikela komzimba okubangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba okungakhululekile ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqubuka kwezifo eziyingozi kuvame ukusheshe kucace, kuyilapho ukuqubuka okungamahlalakhona kudinga ukunakekelwa kochwepheshe kanye nokugwema izimbangela ezingase zibe khona. Ama-Antihistamine akha ukwelashwa komugqa wokuqala, kuyilapho ama-immunosuppressants elawula izimo ezinenkani. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iningi lamacala e-hives angena ekuxolelweni. Ukunaka izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kuvumela ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi uma kuvela izinkinga.

FAQs

1. Ingabe KULUNGILE ukunwaya izidleke?

Gwema ukunwaya, ngoba kungakhuphula ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba futhi kubangele nezifo. Faka amaphakethe abandayo/ukucindezela ukuze unciphise ukulunywa. Ama-antihistamine angaphezu kwe-counter nawo anciphisa isifiso sokuklwebha.

2. Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani izidleke?

Ukuqubuka kwe-acute hives kuvame ukucaca phakathi namahora angama-24-48 kodwa kungaqhubeka kuze kube amasonto ayi-6. Izifo ezingelapheki zihlala emavikini ayisi-6 futhi ziyafika zidlule. Ngokwelashwa, ukuqunjelwa okungamahlalakhona kuvame ukuphumela ekuxolelweni ekugcineni.

3. Ingabe isifuba esithintayo siyasakazeka?

Cha, ukuqubuka akuthelelani. Ukuthinta/ukuklwebheka kungasabalalisa ukukhishwa kwe-histamine kwezinye izindawo endaweni, kodwa othintana nabo abaseduze ababambi isifuba. Ukuhlanzeka okufanele kwehlisa ingozi yokutheleleka kusukela ekunwayeni.

4. Yini evimbela ukuluma?

Ama-antihistamine omlomo afana ne-cetirizine noma i-hydroxyzine anqanda ngempumelelo ukulunywa ezimweni eziningi. Okhilimu be-Corticosteroid, amaphakethe abandayo, namabhati e-oatmeal nawo anikeza impumuzo. Ukubona nokugwema izibangeli kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda okuhambisana nokulunywa okukhulu.