I-Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) igciwane lokuphefumula elingabangela izifo ezisukela emazingeni abandayo afana nokubanda kuya ezifweni ezinzima zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, abantu abadala, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

I-HMPV yaqala ukuhlonzwa ngo-2001, emashumini amabili eminyaka edlule. Leli gciwane alisuleleki njenge Covid-19, kodwa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, njengokugqoka isifihla-buso, ukuvala umlomo lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela, nokugeza izandla njalo ngensipho, kudingeka zithathwe ukuze kuvinjwe amagciwane.

Ingabe i-HMPV Iwukubanda Nje?

I-HMPV ivame ukudala izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, futhi ingaholela ezifweni ezinzima kakhulu njenge-bronchitis noma inyumoniya noma ukwanda kwezimo zokuphefumula ezingapheli ezifana ufuba noma i-COPD.

Ivamise kangakanani i-HMPV?

I-HMPV igciwane elisabalele futhi ingesinye sezimbangela eziphambili zezifo ezithinta ukuphefumula okunzima emhlabeni jikelele. Iningi labantu litheleleka lapho selineminyaka engu-5 ubudala, futhi ukuphinda kuphinde kwenzeke impilo yonke.

Izimpawu ze-HMPV

Izimpawu zingasukela kokuncane kuye kwezinzima futhi zihlanganisa:

• Iphutha le-Runny
• Isikhukhula
• Fever
• Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukushisa
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukukhathala

Izimpawu zingase zithuthukele ku-bronchitis noma inyumoniya efana namanye amagciwane adala izifo ezithinta ukuphefumula ezingenhla naphansi.

Izimbangela ze-HMPV Infection

Izimbangela eziqondile ze-HMPV azaziwa ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici zinomthelela engcupheni yokutheleleka njenge:

• Ukudluliswa kwegciwane - Ukuthinta noma ukuthintana nendawo engcolile ukuthintana ngokomzimba nomuntu onaleli gciwane, njengokuthinta noma ukuxhawula 
• Isikhathi sonyaka - Ukutheleleka kwe-HMPV kuvame kakhulu phakathi nobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okufanayo nezinye izifo zokuphefumula 
• Izindawo ezivaliwe noma izindawo eziminyene njengezikole, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane zingandisa ingozi yokutheleleka nge-HMPV
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kanye nezimo zokuphefumula ezingapheli basengozini enkulu yokuthola leli gciwane.

Izinto Zobungozi ze-HMPV

I-HPMV ihlasela kakhulu izingane ezincane (ikakhulukazi ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemi-5), abantu abadala, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthaka, kanye nabantu abaphethwe yizifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifuba somoya, COPD, noma izifo zenhliziyo. 

Izinkinga ze-HMPV

Izinkinga zokutheleleka nge-Human Metapneumovirus(HMPV) zihlanganisa: 

• I-Bronchitis
• I-pneumonia
• I-asthma exacerbations
• Ukwehluleka ukuphefumula (ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu)
• Ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya yesibili (ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa kwesinye isifo)

Itholakala kanjani i-HMPV?

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kwenziwa ukuhlola izimpawu. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri okufana ne-PCR noma ukuhlolwa kwe-antigen okusheshayo kwenziwa ngokuthatha ama-swabs ekhaleni, emlonyeni, noma emphinjeni ukuze kuhlonzwe igciwane eliyimbangela. Uma kunezimpawu ezinzima, i-bronchoscopy ingase i-odwe. Ku i-bronchoscopy, ishubhu elincanyana elinekhamera encane lifakwa emphinjeni ukuze liqoqe uketshezi. Uketshezi lube sekuthunyelwa ukuyohlolelwa igciwane.

Yelashwa kanjani i-HMPV?

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-antiviral ye-HMPV. Ukwelashwa okusekelayo kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphumula kanye ne-hydration
• Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta yomkhuhlane nobuhlungu
• I-oxygen eyengeziwe noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane njenge-Ribavirin inganikezwa ezimeni ezinzima

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Umhlinzeki Wami Wezempilo?

Thola usizo lwezempilo uma wena noma ingane yakho nihlangabezana:

• Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu oqhubekayo
• Izimpawu eziya ziba zimbi
• Izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni (isb, umlomo owomile, ukuchama okuncishisiwe)

Ukuvinjelwa kwe-HMPV

• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka kwesandla okuhle.
• Gwema ukuthintana eduze nabantu abagulayo.
• Khipha amagciwane ezindaweni ezivame ukuthintwa.
• Vala umlomo nekhala uma ukhwehlela noma ukuthimula.
• Hlala ekhaya uma ungazizwa kahle.

Okwamanje awukho umuthi wokugomela i-HMPV.

Isiphetho

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuqondile noma umgomo we-HMPV, ukunakekelwa okusekelayo nezindlela zokuvimbela ezifana nenhlanzeko enhle nokugwema ukusondelana nabantu abangenwe yileli gciwane kungasiza ekulawuleni futhi kunciphise ukusabalala kwayo. Ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha kubalulekile kubantu abasengozini enkulu ababonisa izimpawu ezinzima.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Idluliselwa kanjani i-HMPV?

I-Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa:

• Amaconsi Okuphefumula: Lapho umuntu onaleli gciwane ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma ekhuluma, amaconsi analeli gciwane angahogela abanye.
• Othintana naye ngqo: Ukuthinta izandla, ubuso, noma ezinye izindawo zomuntu onegciwane azisulele bese uzithinta umlomo, ikhala, noma amehlo.
• Indawo Engcolisiwe: Igciwane lingaphila endaweni amahora ambalwa. Ukuthintana nalezi zindawo, okulandelwa ukuthinta ubuso bakho, kungaholela ekuthelelekeni.

Ukusondelana komuntu siqu, njengokuxhawula noma ukwanga, nakho kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

2. Ingabe i-HMPV Ifana negciwane le-COVID-19?

I-HMPV ne-COVID-19 womabili angamagciwane okuphefumula, kodwa abangelwa amagciwane ahlukene. I-HMPV ingeyomndeni wakwaParamyxoviridae, kanti i-COVID-19 ibangelwa igciwane le-SARS-CoV-2 emndenini weCoronaviridae. Babelana ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile, ezinjengomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, kodwa i-HMPV ngokuvamile inemiphumela emincane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa ne-COVID-19.

3. Ingabe i-HMPV iyathelelana?

Yebo, i-HMPV ithathelwana kakhulu futhi isakazeka kalula ngamaconsi okuphefumula, ukuthintana ngokuqondile nomuntu onegciwane, kanye nezindawo ezingcolile.

4. I-HMPV ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimo ezithambile ze-HMPV ngokuvamile zihlala izinsuku ezingu-7-10. Izimo ezimbi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengcupheni njengezingane ezincane, abantu abadala, neziguli ezingenawo amandla omzimba, zingase ziqhubeke isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha.

5. Ululama kanjani ekuthelelekeni nge-HMPV?

Ukubuyisela kuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa okusekelayo:

• Ukuphumula kanye ne-hydration
• Imfiva nobuhlungu ngemithi etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi (isb, paracetamol noma ibuprofen)
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-oxygen kungase kudingeke.                 

6. I-HMPV ithinta umuntu engakanani iminyaka?

I-HMPV ingathinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, kodwa ivame kakhulu futhi inzima ku:

• Izingane ezincane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-5 ubudala
• Abantu abadala
• Iziguli ezine-immunocompromised

7. Ingabe ama-antibiotics ayelapha i-HMPV?

Cha, ama-antibiotics awasebenzi ekulweni ne-HMPV ngoba iwukutheleleka ngegciwane. Ama-antibiotics anganqunywa kuphela uma kukhona ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya yesibili, njenge-pneumonia.

8. Ingabe ukhona umgomo wokuvimbela ukusabalala kwe-HMPV?

Okwamanje, awukho umgomo owaziwa nge-HMPV. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela, ezifana nenhlanzeko nokugwema ukuthintana nabantu abagulayo, zibalulekile.

9. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ku-HMPV?

Iningi labantu liyalulama zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-7 kuye kweziyi-10, kuya ngobunzima bokutheleleka kanye nempilo yomuntu iyonke.

10. Ingabe i-HMPV ezinganeni ibangela umkhuhlane?

Yebo, imfiva iwuphawu oluvamile lwe-HMPV ezinganeni, ngokuvamile ezihambisana nokukhwehlela, ikhala eligijimayo, nobunzima bokuphefumula ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.