I-Hypothermia - Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Nokwelashwa

I-Hypothermia, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomzimba, yisimo lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba womuntu lehla ngaphansi kuka-35 degrees Celsius (96 F). Lesi simo esiphuthumayo sezempilo senzeka lapho umzimba ulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokushesha kunalokho ongakwazi ukukhiqiza ukushisa. 

Izinga lokushisa lomzimba elijwayelekile licishe libe ngu-37 degrees Celsius (98.6 F). Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elivamile, khona-ke isimiso sokuphefumula, inhliziyo nezinye izitho ziyayeka ukusebenza kahle. Uma i-hypothermia ishiywa ingelashwa, kuyophumela ekuhlulekeni kwesimiso sokuphefumula nenhliziyo, futhi kungaholela ngisho nasekufeni. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kufanele kunikezwe ngokushesha ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ze-hypothermia.

Izinhlobo ze-Hypothermia

Nazi izinhlobo ezahlukene noma izigaba ze-hypothermia:

I-Hypothermia Eyisisekelo: Ibhekisela ku-hypothermia ebangelwa ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa abandayo, njengokuhlala ngaphandle endaweni ebandayo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okwanele noma izingubo.

I-Hypothermia yesibili: Lolu hlobo lungenzeka ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo noma izimo eziphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokulawula izinga lokushisa, njengemithi ethile, ukudakwa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa, ukuphazamiseka kwegilo, noma izimo zemizwa.

Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ze-hypothermia kubalulekile ekunqumeni ukwelashwa okufanele nokuphathwa ngokusekelwe ebucayi nezimbangela eziyisisekelo zalesi simo. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uthole i-hypothermia enzima njengoba ingase ibeke ukuphila engozini.

Izinkinga ze-Hypothermia

Abantu bahlushwa izimo eziphansi zokushisa komzimba lapho belahlekelwa ukushisa. Isizathu esiyinhloko se-hypothermia ukuchayeka isikhathi eside komzimba womuntu esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Ezinye izimbangela ze-hypothermia zihlanganisa:

• Ukungagqoki izingubo ezifudumele ezimweni zezulu ezibandayo.
• Ukuhlala isikhathi eside emakhazeni. 
• Ukugqoka izingubo ezimanzi nokungahambi ezindaweni ezomile nezifudumele. 
• Ukuhlala emanzini isikhathi eside.
• Ukuhlala endlini ebandayo noma enomoya opholile.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Ze-Hypothermia

I-Hypothermia ivela emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-40 degrees Fahrenheit. Ngezansi izimpawu nezimpawu ze-hypothermia:

Izimpawu ze-hypothermia emaphakathi (95 F kuya ku-89.6 F)

1. Ukukhathala
2. Ukuphikisana
3. Ukusabela okunensayo kanye nokuxaka
4. Ukulala
5. Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo eliphansi
6. I-Tachycardia (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo)
7. I-Tachypnea (izinga lokuphefumula ngokushesha)
8. Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
9. Umbala wesikhumba ofiphele
10. Ukuchama kakhulu

Izimpawu ze-hypothermia emaphakathi (89.6 F kuya ku-82.4 F)

1. Inhliziyo ephansi nezinga lokuphefumula
2. I-Dysarthria (inkulumo engacacile)
3. Ukusebenza kahle kobuchopho
4. Ukulahlekelwa ukuqhaqhazela
5. Umbala wesikhumba oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 
6. Ukuqina kwemisipha
7. Ukuvuvukala kwabafundi
8. Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
9. Umfutho wegazi ophansi
10. Ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza 
11. Ukulahlekelwa kokwazi

Izimpawu Ze-Hypothermia Enzima (ngaphansi kuka-82.4 F)

1. Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo
2. Uketshezi emaphashini
3. Umfutho wegazi ophansi
4. Ukukhipha umchamo okuncane
5. Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo (inhliziyo iyeka ukusebenza)
6. Coma

Izingozi ze-Hypothermia

Ngezansi ezinye izici eziyingozi ze-hypothermia -

• Ubudala - Ikhono lomzimba lokuzwa ukubanda nokulawula izinga lokushisa liyehla ngokuya ngeminyaka.
• Ubudala obuncane - Izingane nezinsana zilahlekelwa ukushisa ngokushesha kunabantu abadala.
• Ukugula ngengqondo - Abantu abanokuwohloka komqondo noma ezinye izinkinga zengqondo abaziqondi ubungozi besimo sezulu esibandayo futhi bangase bahlale ngaphandle isikhathi eside.
• Utshwala - Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kwandisa imithambo yegazi okuholela ekulahlekeni kokushisa ngokushesha.
• Imithi - Imithi ethile noma izidakamizwa zinciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokulawula izinga lokushisa.

Uzikhathaza nini nge-Hypothermia?

Umuntu angaba ne-hypothermia ethambile, emaphakathi noma eqinile. I-hypothermia enzima ingaholela ekufeni. Umuntu kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba liba ngaphansi kuka-85 F. Kufanele aye esibhedlela uma umzimba wakhe ubanda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwakhe kwehla futhi ezwa nesiyezi.

Izigaba ze-Hypothermia:

• I-Mild Hypothermia: Lesi sigaba senzeka lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla ngokulingene ngaphansi kwebanga elivamile (cishe 95-89.6°F noma 35-32°C). Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukuqhaqhazela, ukuzwa amakhaza, ukuba ndikindiki, nokudideka okuncane.
• I-Hypothermia Emaphakathi: Kulesi sigaba, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyaqhubeka nokuncipha (phakathi kuka-89.6-82.4°F noma 32-28°C). Ukuqhaqhazela kungase kunciphe noma kuphele, futhi izimpawu zingase zibe namandla, okuhlanganisa ukuqhaqhazela okukhulu, ukukhuluma kabi, ukudideka, ukozela, nokuntuleka kokuxhumana.
• I-Hypothermia Enzima: I-hypothermia enzima ivela lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba lehla liye emazingeni aphansi ayingozi (ngaphansi kuka-82.4°F noma 28°C). Kulesi sigaba, ukuqhaqhazela kungase kuphele, futhi umuntu angase abonakale equlekile noma engasabeli. Izimpawu ezibalulekile, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka, ukuphefumula okungajulile, nokunwebeka kwabafundi, zingaba khona. I-hypothermia enzima iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Umzimba Wakho Ulahlekelwa Kanjani Ukushisa ku-Hypothermia?

Ku-hypothermia, lapho izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo lomzimba lehla ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, umzimba ulahlekelwa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• Umswakama: Umzimba ukhipha ukushisa endaweni yawo. Uma indawo ezungezile ibanda kunomzimba, ukushisa kuyalahleka kusuka ebusweni besikhumba kuye endaweni epholile.
• Isimiso: Ukulahlekelwa ukushisa kwenzeka ngokuthintana okuqondile nezindawo ezibandayo noma izinto. Uma umuntu ethintana ngqo nezindawo ezibandayo, ukushisa kudluliselwa kusuka emzimbeni kuya kulezi zinto.
• Ingqungquthela: Umoya noma amaza oketshezi emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi umoya obandayo noma amanzi, angasusa ukushisa ebusweni besikhumba. Lo mphumela uba phezulu lapho umzimba umanzi.
• Umhwamuko: Ezimweni ezithile, njengokujuluka noma ukuphefumula, umzimba ulahlekelwa ukushisa ngenxa yokuhwamuka. Uma izingubo zimanzi noma ngenxa yokuphefumula, umzimba ungase ulahlekelwe ukushisa ngenxa yokuhwamuka komswakama.

Izinkinga ze-Hypothermia

Izinkinga ze-hypothermia, ikakhulukazi uma zishiywe zingalashwa noma zinzima, zingaholela ezinkingeni eziningana zezempilo, ezihlanganisa:

• I-Arrhythmia yenhliziyo: I-Hypothermia ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kukagesi okuvamile kwenhliziyo, okuholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungavamile (ama-arrhythmia), okungase kubangele ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
• Izinkinga Zokuphefumula: Kungase kuphakame ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yemiphumela ye-hypothermia ohlelweni lokuphefumula, okuholela ekuphefumuleni okungajulile, ukwehluleka ukuphefumula, noma ukuwa kwamaphaphu.
• Izinkinga ze-Neurological: I-hypothermia enzima ingakhinyabeza ukusebenza kobuchopho, ibangele ukudideka, ukudideka, ukukhuluma kahle, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaholela ku-coma noma ukulimala okungapheli kobuchopho.
• Ukulimala Kwezicubu: I-Frostbite ingenzeka ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu, ibangele ukulimala esikhumbeni kanye nezicubu ezingaphansi ngenxa yokuqhwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwezicubu kanye ne-necrosis.
• Izinkinga Zezinso: I-Hypothermia ingathinta ukusebenza kwezinso, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhiqizwa komchamo noma ukwehluleka kwezinso.
  • I-coagulopathy: Kwezinye izimo, i-hypothermia ingaphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokujiyisa igazi (i-coagulopathy), okuholela ekwandeni kokuthambekela ukopha.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hypothermia

Odokotela bathatha izinga lokushisa lomzimba futhi bahlole izimpawu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwe-hypothermia. Ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye nokuthi izinga lokushisa liphansi kangakanani, iziguli zizotholakala zine-hypothermia enzima, emaphakathi noma ethambile.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Kwe-Hypothermia

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypothermia kugxile ekufudumeni kancane kancane umzimba nokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Nazi izinyathelo ezivame ukuthathwa ekwelapheni i-hypothermia:

• Hambisa Endaweni Efudumele: Uma kungenzeka, yisa umuntu endaweni efudumele, kude namakhaza nomoya. Susa izingubo ezimanzi bese ufaka izingqimba ezomile nezifudumele.
• Ukufudumala Umzimba Kancane Kancane: Sebenzisa izingubo zokulala, izingubo ezengeziwe, noma izinto zokushisisa ukuze ufudumale umuntu kancane. Gwema ukuchayeka kungazelelwe emithonjeni yokushisa ephezulu njengamanzi ashisayo noma amalambu okushisa, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni.
• Nikeza Ngamanzi Afudumele: Nikeza iziphuzo ezifudumele, hhayi utshwala noma i-caffeine, ukusiza ukunyusa izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngaphakathi. Gwema noma yini eshisa kakhulu ukuze uvimbele ukusha.
• Gada Izimpawu Ezibalulekile: Hlala uqapha izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, nokuphefumula komuntu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bangadinga ukuqapha isigqi senhliziyo nezinye izimpawu ezibalulekile eduze.
• Funa Ukunakekelwa Kwezokwelapha: Ezimweni ezimaphakathi nezinzima ze-hypothermia, noma uma isimo somuntu singathuthuki, funa usizo lwezokwelapha olusheshayo. I-hypothermia enzima idinga ukungenelela kochwepheshe bezokwelapha, okungenzeka kuhlanganise noketshezi olufudumele lwe-intravenous noma izinto zangaphandle ezifudumalayo.
• Bamba Ngobumnene: Mphathe kahle umuntu ukuze ugweme ezinye izinkinga. Ungamasaji noma uhlikihle amaphethelo, njengoba lokhu kungabangela ukulimala kwezicubu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-hypothermia.

Prevention

• Abantu abaphuma emakhazeni kufanele balandele igama elithi COLD -
  • Ikhava - Vimbela ukushisa ukuthi kungaphumi ezandleni, entanyeni, ekhanda nasebusweni ngokumboza ngamagilavu ​​afudumele, isigqoko nesikhafu.
  • Ukuzikhandla ngokweqile - Gwema ukwenza imisebenzi yomzimba njengoba lokhu kuzoholela ekujulukeni. Isimo sezulu esibandayo nezingubo ezimanzi kuzodala ukuthi umzimba ulahlekelwe ukushisa.
  • Izendlalelo - Gqoka izingubo ezilingana ukukhanya. Izingubo noma izingqimba zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngosilika, i-polypropylene noma uvolo zisiza ukubamba ukushisa. 
  • Omile - Abantu kufanele bahlale bomile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungagqoki izingubo ezimanzi futhi uthuthele ezindaweni ezifudumele.
• Ungahambi esimweni sezulu esibi. Gcina izinsiza eziphuthumayo njengokudla okusemathinini, amanzi okuphuza afudumele, okosizo lokuqala, izingubo zokulala, njll ngenkathi uhamba endaweni ebandayo.
• Gwema ukuphuza utshwala ngaphandle ezimweni ezibandayo.
• Gcina amakhaya afudumele. Izinga lokushisa lasekhaya kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-68 F.
• Hamba ngezinyawo ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
• Yidla ukudla okufudumele neziphuzo.
• Abantu abasebenza ngaphandle kubanda kufanele bathathe ikhefu njalo futhi bahlale ezindaweni ezifudumele balondoloze izinga lokushisa lomzimba wabo.

FAQ sika

Yiziphi izigaba ezi-5 ze-hypothermia?

Isigaba 1: I-hypothermia emaphakathi (ukuqhaqhazela, ukuzwa okubandayo).
Isigaba 2: I-hypothermia emaphakathi (ukuqhaqhazela okukhulu, ukudideka, ubunzima bokukhuluma).
Isiteji sesi-3: I-hypothermia enzima (ukuqhaqhazela, ukuqina kwemisipha, inkulumo engacacile).
Isigaba 4: I-hypothermia ebucayi (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okubuthakathaka, ukuphefumula okungajulile).
Isiteji sesi-5: I-terminal hypothermia (ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, i-coma, ukufa).

Kukuliphi izinga lokushisa i-hypothermia?

I-Hypothermia ivamise ukuvela lapho izinga lokushisa eliyisisekelo lomzimba lehla ngaphansi kwama-95°F (35°C).

Ingabe Kulungile ukulala ngesikhathi se-hypothermia?

Ezimweni ze-hypothermia, kubalulekile ukugwema ukulala, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezinzima. I-Hypothermia ingaholela ekuqulekeni ngisho nasekufeni uma ingelashwa. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-hypothermia ibuhlungu?

Ezigabeni zayo zokuqala, i-hypothermia ingase ibangele ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokuqhaqhazela nokuzizwa kubanda kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba i-hypothermia iqhubeka futhi nokusebenza komzimba kuhamba kancane, abantu bangalahlekelwa ukwazi, futhi ezigabeni ezithuthukile, bangase bangabuzwa ubuhlungu.

Ingabe i-hypothermia ingabangela umonakalo?

Yebo, i-hypothermia ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu noma ibulale uma ingelashwa ngokushesha. Kungabangela ukwehluleka kwezitho, i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo, i-frostbite, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga.