I-Migraines Ezinganeni: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Migraines ezinganeni ingaba yinselele futhi isimo esivame ukungaqondakali kahle. Lezi zinhlungu zekhanda zingahlala amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi zingaphazamisa isikole nemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukuqonda izimpawu nezinketho zokwelapha ze-migraines ezinganeni kubalulekile kubazali, abanakekeli, nodokotela ukuze banikeze ukwesekwa nokunakekelwa okuphumelelayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izici ezihlukahlukene ze-migraines ezinganeni, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zazo, izibangeli, nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso.

Iyini I-Migraines Ezinganeni?

I-Migraines ezinganeni iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esikhubazayo esithinta cishe u-4% kuya ku-10% wabantu abasha. Lawa makhanda abuhlungu angathinti nje kuphela inhlalakahle engokomzimba yengane kodwa nokusebenza kwayo ezifundweni kanye nempilo yomphakathi. I-Migraine yisifo sekhanda esivame kakhulu ezinganeni nasebancane. Ngokungafani ne-migraines yabantu abadala, i-migraines yezingane ivame ukuvela ngendlela ehlukile, okungaholela ekuxilongweni okungalungile noma ukubambezeleka kokuxilongwa.

Izinhlobo Ze-Migraine Ezinganeni

I-Migraines ezinganeni ingabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemigraines ezithinta izingane kanye nentsha yilezi:

• I-Migraine ngaphandle kwe-Aura: Ngaphambilini eyaziwa ngokuthi i-migraine evamile, le migraine iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, lwenzeka ku-60% kuya ku-85% wezingane kanye nentsha ethola i-migraines. 
• I-Migraine nge-Aura: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-classic migraine, le migraine ithinta u-15% kuya ku-30% wezingane kanye nentsha ehlushwa yi-migraines. Lolu hlobo lubonakala ngokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa okwandulela noma okuhambisana nekhanda elibuhlungu. 
• I-Abdominal Migraine: Lolu hlobo lubonakala njengokungachazeki ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi okungamahlalakhona isifo sohudo. Kungase kwenzeke ngobuhlungu bekhanda noma ngaphandle kwaso, okwenza ukukuxilonga kube inselele ikakhulukazi.
• I-Migraine Engapheli: Iwuhlobo oluthinta izingane, lapho ubuhlungu bekhanda buvela ezinsukwini ezingu-15 noma ngaphezulu ngenyanga okungenani izinyanga ezintathu.

Yini Ebangela I-Migraine Ezinganeni?

Izimbangela eziqondile ze-migraines ezinganeni aziqondi ngokugcwele, kodwa ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi inhlanganisela yezakhi zofuzo nezemvelo idlala indima ebalulekile. 

• I-Genetics: I-Migraines ivame ukugijima emindenini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma umzali oyedwa ene-migraines, cishe anethuba elingu-50% lokuthi ingane yakhe nayo izoba nayo. Amathuba anyuka aze afike cishe ku-90% uma bobabili abazali behlushwa i-migraines.
• I-Physiological Stimuli: Lezi zimbangela zingabandakanya ukuchayeka ekudleni okuthile, izinguquko emaphethini okulala, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwama-hormone ngesikhathi sokuthomba. Ezinye izingane zingase zithinteke kakhulu ekhanda ngenxa yezinguquko ezithile zofuzo, ikakhulukazi esimweni se-hemiplegic migraines.
• Izici Zemvelo: Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengokuhlukahluka kokucindezela kwe-barometric, izinga lokushisa elidlulele, noma umswakama ophezulu, kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yi-migraine. Ukwengeza, izibani ezikhanyayo, kuhlanganise nalezo eziphuma kukhompyutha noma izikrini zefoni, kanye nentuthu kagwayi kungase kube nomthelela ekuqalekeni kwemigraines ezinganeni ezithintekayo.
• Ukucindezeleka: Kubhekwa njengenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-migraines ezinganeni. Lokhu kungahlotshaniswa nezingcindezi zesikole, ukuxhumana nabantu, noma izinkinga zomndeni. 
   

Izimpawu Ze-Migraine Ezinganeni

I-Migraines ezinganeni ingabonakalisa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu ezingase zihluke kulezo ezitholwa abantu abadala. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise:

• Ikhanda Elibuhlungu: Ngokuvamile kuthinta ibunzi nezindawo zethempeli noma ikhanda lonke. Leli khanda livame ukuba libi kakhulu ngokusebenza ngokomzimba futhi lingahlala noma yikuphi ukusuka emaminithini angu-30 kuya emahoreni ambalwa.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Okuhambisana nekhanda, izingane zingase zibe nesicanucanu futhi oluhlanzayo, okuyizinto ezivame kakhulu ku-migraines yezingane. 
• I-Photophobia: Izingane eziningi ziphinde zibe nokuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia) nomsindo, zithole amazinga avamile okukhanya nomsindo ungakhululekile noma ubuhlungu. 
• Iziphazamiso Ezibonakalayo: Abanye bangase babe nokuphazamiseka kokubona, njengokubona amabala, amalambu akhanyayo, noma amaphethini angavamile emigqa noma imibuthano.
• Ezinye Izimpawu: Angase ahlanganise isiyezi, ikhanda elilula, ukukhathala, ukuphaphatheka, umjuluko oweqile, ubuthuntu, ukuba ndikindiki ezingalweni noma emilenzeni, ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, noma ukuhlupheka ukuqonda abanye.
• Izimpawu ze-GI: Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezinye izingane zingase zibe nemigraines ngaphandle kobuhlungu bekhanda. Kunalokho, bangase babe nezinhlungu zesisu eziphindaphindiwe, ukuhlanza, noma isiyezi. 

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-migraines ezinganeni kuncike ngokuyinhloko ekuhlolweni komtholampilo futhi kuhlanganisa:

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Odokotela baqoqa umlando ophelele wekhanda elibuhlungu, eligxile endaweni, ikhwalithi, ubunzima, ubude besikhathi sobuhlungu, nezimpawu ezihambisanayo (isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, nokuzwela ukukhanya nomsindo).
• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Ihlanganisa: 
  • Isilinganiso somfutho wegazi  
  • Ukushaywa kwekhanda ukuhlola ukuthamba kwe-sinus kanye nokuqina kwe-nuchal
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Funduscopic ukubheka izimpawu zokwanda kwengcindezi ye-intracranial, njenge-papilledema noma ukopha.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwendawo ebonakalayo kanye nesilinganiso somjikelezo wekhanda 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kokutholwe kwe-neurocutaneous okungabonisa izimo ezinjenge-neurofibromatosis noma i-tuberous sclerosis, 
• Idayari: Ukuze basize ekuxilongeni, odokotela bangase bacele abazali ukuthi bagcine idayari yekhanda elibuhlungu, babhale imininingwane mayelana nemvamisa, ukuqina, kanye nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-International Headache Society (IHS) luvame ukunikezwa kokubili ingane nabazali ukuze balugcwalise.
• Izivivinyo ezengeziwe: Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izifundo ze-neuroimaging ezifana ne-MRI noma i-CT scans ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele ubuhlungu bekhanda. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase batusa umpompi womgogodla uma besola isimo esingaphansi njenge i-meningitis.

Ukwelapha I-Migraines Ezinganeni

Ukwelashwa kwe-migraines ezinganeni ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Izindlela ze-Pharmacological:
  • Ukuphumula nokulala ekamelweni elimnyama, elithulile ngokuvamile linikeza impumuzo ngesikhathi sokuhlasela okukhulu. 
  • Ukufaka amaphakethe abandayo ekhanda noma ukuphulula ikhanda, intamo, namathempeli nakho kungasiza ekudambiseni ukungakhululeki.
  • Imithi yokudambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter. 
  • Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela bangase banikeze ama- triptan, okuyimithi ethile ye-migraine.
  • Uma i-migraine ivela kaningi, odokotela banikeza imithi yokuvimbela efana ne-beta-blockers, abaphikisi besiteshi se-calcium, ama-antiepileptics, ama-antidepressants, noma ama-serotonin antagonists.
• Izindlela ezingezona ezekhemisi: 
  • Ukwelapha kokuziphatha okuqondayo
  • I-Biofeedback
  • Amasu okucabanga

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela uma i-migraine yengane yile: 

• Ukuvela kaningi noma kubi kakhulu
• Ihlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile
• Kwenzeka ngaphezu kokukodwa ngeviki 
• Ukuphazamisa ukuya esikoleni noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukuwavusa ebusuku noma kukhona lapho evuka ekuseni. 
• Ukuba kubi nakakhulu ngokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma ukugoba
• Kuhambisana nokuhlanza okungapheli, ukuklolodela, noma ukungakwazi ukubheka phezulu. 
• Kuhambisana nanoma ibuphi ubuthakathaka obusha, izinkinga zokusebenzisana, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, izinkinga zokukhuluma noma inkumbulo, noma kubonisa izimpawu zobuthongo noma ukudideka.

Prevention

Ukuvimbela i-migraines ezinganeni kuhilela ukuhlonza nokulawula izinto ezibangela ukugula ngenkathi ugcina imikhuba yokuphila enempilo. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Ukulala Okwanele: Esinye sezinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphumelela kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukulala ngokwanele. Izingane ezine-migraines kufanele zihlose ukulala amahora angu-8-10 nsuku zonke. Abazali kufanele bahlele isimiso sokulala esingaguquki futhi bakhe isimiso sesikhathi sokulala esiphumuzayo. Ukuvala izinto zikagesi ezifana nama-TV, omakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, namathebulethi okungenani ihora ngaphambi kokulala kubalulekile, njengoba lokhu kungaphazamisa ikhwalithi yokulala.
• Ukudla Okunempilo: Izingane kufanele zidle ukudla okujwayelekile kathathu ngezikhathi ezingaguquki usuku ngalunye. Kutuswa ukugwema ukudla okugaywe kakhulu, okuvamise ukuqukatha izithasiselo nemibala yokwenziwa engase ibangele ukudumala kwekhanda. 
• Ukuhlala ku-Hydrated: Izingane kufanele ziphuze amanzi amaningi nezinye iziphuzo ezinempilo usuku lonke.
• Ukuzivocavoca Okuvamile: Ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini we-aerobic olinganiselayo imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-50 izinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu ngesonto kungaba yinzuzo. 
• Ukuhlonza Nokulawula Ingcindezi: Abazali kufanele basize izingane zabo ukuba zithuthukise izindlela zokulawula ukucindezeleka, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlela kusengaphambili izikhathi ezingase zibe nengcindezi, njengezivivinyo.
• Idayari Yekhanda Elibuhlungu: Ukugcina idayari yekhanda elibuhlungu kungasiza ekuboneni izimbangela ezithile zengane ngayinye. 

Isiphetho

I-Migraines ezinganeni iyinkinga yezempilo eyinkimbinkimbi enemiphumela efinyelela kude enhlalakahleni yabo nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, izimbangela, nezimpawu kubalulekile ekunikezeni ukwesekwa nokunakekelwa okusebenzayo. Ngokubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha esifanele, abazali nabanakekeli bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni lesi simo. Indlela efanele yokwelapha, ehlanganisa imithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila, ingasiza ekwehliseni imvamisa nokuqina kokuhlaselwa yi-migraine.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiziphi izigaba ze-migraine ezinganeni?

I-Migraines ezinganeni ngokuvamile iqhubekela phambili ngezigaba ezimbalwa, nakuba kungezona zonke izingane ezibhekana nazo zonke izigaba. 

• Isigaba sokuqala: Isigaba se-premonitory noma isixwayiso singahlala amahora angu-24 futhi singabandakanya izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ukuzamula ngokweqile, izifiso zokudla, ukushintsha kwemizwelo, nokuqina kwentamo. 
• I-Aura: Ezinye izingane zithola i-aura ehlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kokubona, ukuba ndikindiki, noma ubunzima bokukhuluma. 
• Isigaba sobuhlungu bekhanda: Isigaba sekhanda siyalandela, esibonakala ngobuhlungu obuphakathi kuya kobunzima ekhanda, ngokuvamile obuhambisana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuzwela ukukhanya nomsindo. 
• Isigaba Sokubuyisela: Lesi sigaba sibandakanya umuzwa wokukhathala noma wokukhathala ongahlala amahora noma izinsuku.

2. Yini okufanele uyenze enganeni ene-migraine?

Lapho ingane iphathwa ikhanda, kubalulekile ukunikeza indawo ezolile nenethezekile. Khuthaza ingane ukuba iphumule ekamelweni elithule, elimnyama nendwangu epholile ebunzini layo. Qinisekisa ukuthi bahlala benamanzi futhi bacabange ukunikeza imishanguzo yokudambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter njengoba kunconywa udokotela. Ukugcina idayari ye-migraine kungasiza futhi ukukhomba izinto ezibangela kanye namaphethini. Ukugcina amashejuli avamile okulala, imikhuba yokudla, nezinqubo zokuzivocavoca nakho kubalulekile ukuze uvimbele ukuhlaselwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

3. Ingabe i-migraines yobuntwana ingahamba?

Nakuba i-migraines ezinganeni ingase ingashabalali ngokuphelele, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ezinye izingane ziba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi cishe u-20-25% wentsha etholwe ekuqaleni ine-migraine iyancipha izimpawu phakathi neminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa.

4. I-migraine iyeka eminyakeni emingaki?

Ayikho iminyaka eqondile lapho i-migraines ima khona. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abafana bavame ukuthola ukuthi imigraines yabo iba ngcono ngesikhathi sokuthomba, kanti amantombazane angase abe nemigraines eyandayo ngenxa yoshintsho lwamahomoni phakathi neminyaka yawo yobusha.

5. Ingabe i-migraine ezinganeni ingelapheka?

Njengamanje, alikho ikhambi le-migraines ezinganeni. Kodwa-ke, amasu okuphatha asebenzayo anganciphisa kakhulu imvamisa nokuqina kokuhlaselwa. Izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila, ukuhlonza nokugwema izimbangela, futhi, kwezinye izimo, imithi yokuvimbela.