Ubuhlungu be-Musculoskeletal: Izinhlobo, Izimbangela, Izimpawu kanye Nokwelashwa

Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal buthinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke, bubangela ukungakhululeki futhi bukhawulele imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Le nkinga yezempilo evamile ingahlasela noma ubani, kusukela kubasebenzi basehhovisi kuya kubasubathi, futhi ngokuvamile iba nomthelela omkhulu eqophelweni lempilo. Ukuqonda izimpawu nokwelashwa kobuhlungu be-musculoskeletal kubalulekile kulabo abafuna impumuzo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izimbangela zobuhlungu be-musculoskeletal, indlela odokotela abaxilonga ngayo, kanye nezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal. 

Buyini Ubuhlungu be-Musculoskeletal?

Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal system bubhekisela ebuhlungwini obunzima noma obungapheli obuthinta amathambo, imisipha, imisipha, imisipha, kanye nezinzwa. Kuyinkinga evamile yezokwelapha kanye nenhlalakahle yezomnotho emhlabeni wonke.

Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal ngokuyinhloko bungokwemvelo ngokwemvelo, okusho ukuthi buvela ohlelweni lwe-musculoskeletal. Kodwa-ke, ingahambisana namanye ama-syndromes obuhlungu, njenge-neuropathic (ehlobene nezinzwa) noma ubuhlungu be-visceral (okuhlobene nesitho).

Ubuhlungu bungase bubekwe endaweni ethile, buthinte indawo ethile yomzimba, noma busakazeke kabanzi, buthinte wonke umzimba. Kungaba kubi, kungazelelwe, futhi kube nzima noma okungamahlalakhona, okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Izinhlobo zobuhlungu be-Musculoskeletal

Izimpawu ze-musculoskeletal disorder zingabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ezithinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Muscle Pain (Myalgia): Lokhu kubhekisela ebuhlungu obukhulu ezicubu zemisipha ezixhuma amathambo nezitho. Izimbangela zisukela ekulimaleni kwemisipha, ukutheleleka, ukusebenzisa ngokweqile, amajaqamba noma ama-spasms, ukuqina, ukulahlekelwa ukugeleza kwegazi emsipha, ukugula, imithi ethile, noma izimila. 
• Ubuhlungu Bethambo: Ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengobuhlungu obujulile, obungena ngaphakathi, noma obuqhubekayo. Ukuhlukumezeka ngenxa yokuphuka noma ukulimala kuyimbangela evamile yobuhlungu bethambo. Nokho, kungase futhi kusuke ukulimala, izifo, ukuphuka, i-osteoporosis, izimila ezisakazeka ethanjeni, noma ezinye izifo zesistimu. 
• Ubuhlungu be-Tendon kanye ne-Ligament: Lobu buhlungu buvame ukubonakala njengobuhlungu obukhulu, obubukhali futhi bubangelwa ama-sprains, ama-sprains, noma ukuvuvukala okubangelwa i-tendinitis noma i-tenosynovitis. Imisipha ixhuma amathambo emathanjeni. Amathenda axhumanisa imisipha namathambo.
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene (I-Arthralgia): Ngokuvamile ibonakala ngokubuhlungu futhi ingabangelwa isifo samathambo (i-osteoarthritis kanye nesifo samathambo), i-bursitis, noma ezinye izimo ezivuthayo. Ubuhlungu obuhlangene bungenzeka ngokuvuvukala, ukuqina, nobubanzi obulinganiselwe bokunyakaza. 
• I-Fibromyalgia: Lesi simo sibangela ubuhlungu obusabalele emathanjeni, emisipha, namalunga emzimbeni wonke. Kungase kuqale ngobuhlungu bendawo entanyeni nasemahlombe kodwa busakazeke kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile buhambisana nokukhathala, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, nezindaba zemizwa.
• I-Nerve Compression Pain: Izimo ezicindezela izinzwa, njenge-carpal tunnel syndrome, i-cubital tunnel syndrome, i-sciatica, ne-tarsal tunnel syndrome, ingabangela ubuhlungu be-nerve compression. Kungaba ubuhlungu obubukhali, obuvuthayo, noma ukudubula phakathi nenzwa.

Izinkinga ze-Musculoskeletal Pain

Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal bungavela ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekulimazeni kuya ezimweni zempilo ezingaphansi. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Trauma: Ukuphuka, ukuhlukana kwamalunga, ukushaywa okuqondile emisipha, amathambo, noma amalunga, nama-sprains
• Ukulimala Ngokudlulele: Ukuma kabi, ukuphumula kombhede isikhathi eside, noma ukuzikhandla ngokweqile ngokomzimba 
• I-arthritis: Izimo ezifana rheumatoid arthritis futhi i-osteoarthritis ingabangela ubuhlungu obungapheli be-musculoskeletal.
• Ukutheleleka: Ukutheleleka kwamathambo, imisipha, noma ezinye izicubu ezithambile 
• Izimila kanye Nomdlavuza: Ezinye izimila kanye nomdlavuza ezisakazekela ethanjeni zingabangela ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal.
• Ubuhlungu Obubhekiswe: Uhlobo lobuhlungu olubonwa endaweni ehlukile emthonjeni, njengobuhlungu bomhlathi obuvela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo noma ubuhlungu behlombe ngenxa yokuphuka kwe-spleen.

Izimpawu Zobuhlungu be-Musculoskeletal

Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal bungabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi izimpawu zingancika kumbangela. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheli nokuqina, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuvuka ekuseni noma izikhathi ezinde zokungasebenzi
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile
• Imizwa evuthayo ngesikhathi somthambo
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuqina kwemisipha noma amajaqamba
• Indawo ingase ibe nomuzwa wokuthintwa noma ingcindezi
• Ubunzima bokuhambisa ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile kanye nobuhlungu buya ngokuya bukhula
• Amandla ancishisiwe emisipha noma amalunga athintekile
• Ukuphazamiseka kokulala

Sifo

Odokotela benza ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba futhi bathathe umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane ukuze bathole ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal: 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela uzohlaziya umlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze aqonde ukuqala kobuhlungu, ubude besikhathi, kanye nemvelo. Bangase babuze imibuzo ukuze banqume ukuthi isiguli sinazo yini ezinye izimpawu ezinjengokuqubuka noma imfiva, ukuthi ubuhlungu bukhulu noma obungapheli, nokuthi yiziphi izici ezibubhebhethekisa noma ezibuqedayo.
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, odokotela bahlola ngokucophelela indawo ethintekile ukuze babonise isisa, ukuvuvukala, uhla lokunyakaza, namandla. Udokotela angase futhi ahlole noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka noma okungavamile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala amazinga omaka okuvuvukala njenge-C-reactive protein (CRP) kanye ne-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), engase ikhuphuke lapho kukhona ukuvuvukala. Amazinga e-Creatinine kinase angabonisa ukulimala kwemisipha, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-antibody kusiza ukuxilonga izimo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ne-spondyloarthritis.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe:
  • I-X-rays: Ukubona ukuphuka, ukungahambi kahle kwamathambo, nezifo ezihlangene eziwohlokayo.
  • I-Computed Tomography (CT): Inikeza izithombe ezihlukene zamathambo nezicubu ezithambile.
  • I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Ihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane yezicubu ezithambile, okuhlanganisa imisipha, imisipha, imigqa, nezinzwa.
  • I-Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA): I-DXA ikala amandla nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali emathanjeni akho
  • I-Ultrasonography: Ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo izicubu ezithambile futhi uqondise imijovo noma izifiso.
• I-Arthroscopy: Le nqubo ehlasela kancane isiza odokotela bahlole ingaphakathi lejoyinti futhi bangase bathathe amasampula ezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuze bahlaziywe.
• I-Joint Aspiration: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukukhipha nokuhlola uketshezi lwe-synovial elunga elithintekile, okungasiza ukuxilonga izifo noma isifo samathambo esihlobene nekristalu njenge-gout.
• Izifundo ze-Electromyography kanye Nezinzwa Zokuqhuba: Lezi zivivinyo zihlola ukusebenza kwezinzwa nemisipha, kusize ukukhomba ukuphazamiseka kwe-neuromuscular noma i-nerve compression syndromes.

Ukwelashwa

Indlela yokwelashwa yobuhlungu be-musculoskeletal incike kumbangela nobukhulu. Izinketho zokwelashwa ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi Yobuhlungu be-Musculoskeletal: Ukulawula ubuhlungu obuphumelelayo nomsebenzi othuthukisiwe:
  • Izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
  • Ama-analgesics e-opioid
  • Imijovo ye-Corticosteroid
  • Ama-topical pain relievers
• Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila: Izinguquko ekudleni, ekulawuleni isisindo, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, nokulungiswa kwe-ergonomic kungasiza ekudambiseni ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal nokuvimbela izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo.
• Ukwelashwa okungezona ezemithi:
  • Ukuzivocavoca kanye Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo: Ukwelula, ukuqinisa izivivinyo, kanye ne-physiotherapy kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka, amandla, nokunyakaza okuhlukahlukene, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa.
  • I-Massage Therapy: I-massage yamafutha okwelapha ingasiza ukukhulula imisipha eqinile, ithuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi, futhi inciphise ubuhlungu nokuqina.
  • Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Nokubanda: Faka ukushisa noma ukubanda endaweni ethintekile. Kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi kunciphise ubuhlungu.
  • I-Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): I-TENS isebenzisa imisinga kagesi ene-voltage ephansi ukuze iphazamise izimpawu zobuhlungu futhi ikhulule ubuhlungu.
  • Ezinye izindlela: Ukunakekelwa kwe-acupuncture nokunakekelwa kwe-chiropractic kungasiza ekukhuthazeni ukuphulukiswa nokukhululeka kobuhlungu be-musculoskeletal.
  • Ukungenelela Kokuhlinzwa: Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase bacebise izinqubo zokuhlinza ukuze babhekane nezimo ezingaphansi ezibangela ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal, njengokushintshwa okuhlangene kwe-arthritis enzima noma ukuhlinzwa komgogodla we-disks herniated noma i-spinal stenosis.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana: 

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu be-musculoskeletal ngenxa yokulimala okungazelelwe, njengokuphuka kwethambo noma isenzakalo esibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu buphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke noma amandla okusebenza ngendlela evamile
• Ubuhlungu buqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokuba ngcono
• Ubuhlungu Buya buba bubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma budlulele kwezinye izindawo zomzimba
• Ukuba khona kwezinye izimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane, ukuqubuka, noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazwanga

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal kuhilela ukwamukela imikhuba enempilo nokwenza izinguquko zokuphila. Nawa amasu asebenzayo:

• Ukufudumala Nokwelula ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya emisebenzini ephindaphindayo, emile, noma emide
• Thatha ikhefu njalo ekumeni okuqinile (uhlezi noma ulele) njalo ngemizuzu engama-20-30, futhi welule imisipha eqinile.
• Lalela umzimba wakho futhi ushintshe izikhundla noma umise imisebenzi ebangela ubuhlungu ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe noma ukuqina.
• Bona izimpawu zakuqala zenqubo yokuvuvukala, njengokuvuvukala noma ububomvu, futhi ulaphe ngokushesha. 

Abasebenzi kufanele balandele lawa macebiso ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-musculoskeletal ngenkathi besebenza:

• Sebenzisa ingalo nemisipha yomlenze ukuze uphakamise, hhayi umhlane wakho.
• Zifudumeze ngaphambi kokuthi uphakamise futhi ugweme ukuzikhandla ngokweqile.
• Zama kuphela ukuphakamisa lokho ongakwazi ukukuthwala ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okungadingekile.
• Gwema ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, okunyakazayo; hamba kahle.

Isiphetho

Nakuba ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal bungaba inselele ukubhekana nabo, kunethemba kulabo abathintekile. Ngokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela, ukwamukela imikhuba yokuphila enempilo, kanye nokuhlola izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, abantu abaningi bangathola induduzo futhi bathuthukise izinga labo lempilo. Khumbula njalo ukuthi ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kanye nendlela esheshayo yokuphatha ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal bubucayi?

Izimo eziningi ze-musculoskeletal (MSK) azibhekwa njenge-pathology engathi sína futhi ingaxilongwa futhi ilawulwe kahle ekunakekelweni okuyisisekelo ngesiqondiso esifanele, ama-analgesics, kanye nokwelapha ngokomzimba. 

2. Ngingakwazi yini ukwelapha ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal ekhaya?

Udokotela wakho angancoma izindlela zokuphatha ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal ekhaya. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa okushisayo nokubandayo, ukudambisa izinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter, ukuqinisa kanye nokubeka isimo umzimba, ukwelula, kanye namasu okunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

3. Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal buhlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubuhlungu be-musculoskeletal bungaba buhlungu, okusho ukuthi buyazuma futhi bubukhali, noma bungaba obungapheli (buhlala isikhathi eside). Ubuhlungu obungapheli, obuthinta izicubu, amalunga, namathambo futhi osebuthathe izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezintathu, buyinkinga evamile.