Ukubaluleka kokutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo

Umdlavuza womlomo wuhlobo lomdlavuza owela esigabeni umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo (HNC). Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesimila ezivela ezakhiweni ezahlukene ze-anatomic ezifana ne-oropharynx, i-oral cavity, i-hypopharynx, i-larynx, ne-nasopharynx. Cishe u-90% wawo wonke lawa mathumba amelelwa ama-squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) angaphezu kuka-50% awo avela emlonyeni womlomo. Izingozi ezisungulwe kahle kakhulu ezihlotshaniswa nokufanayo zihlanganisa ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi, kanye nokutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV).

Izimila zomlomo kanye ne-pharyngeal ziyingxenye yesithupha yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Umdlavuza womlomo uyisifo esibulalayo esinezinga eliphansi lokusinda njengoba kubonakale phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Lokhu kwehluka kungachazwa ngezizathu ezimbili:

1. Ukubambezeleka ekuxilongweni

2. Amazinga aphezulu okubuya kwesimila

Ingozi yokufa iyanda lapho iziguli zingaxilongwa kusenesikhathi.

Ukubaluleka Kokutholwa Kusenesikhathi

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi komdlavuza womlomo noma womlomo kwandisa amathuba okwelashwa ngempumelelo. Izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zokutholwa kusenesikhathi zibandakanya - ukuhlolwa kanye nokufundisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kusiza ukubona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingaba khona futhi kuthathwe isinyathelo esisheshayo ekutholeni ukwelashwa komdlavuza womlomo. Lesi sifo singasingathwa ngokuphumelelayo lapho kunokuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngezimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezingase zibe khona phakathi kwabahlengikazi, odokotela, nabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo.

Ukuhlola

Ukuhlola kuyisu elenzelwe ukuthola isifo kumuntu ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Inhloso yokuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo ukuhlonzwa kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa komlomo okuvamile (COE) kuyindlela evamile yokuhlola umdlavuza womlomo. Nakuba le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekutholeni izilonda ezithile zomlomo, ikhono layo lokuhlonza zonke izilonda zomlomo zangaphambili lisalokhu liyimpikiswano. Ukuba isivivinyo subjective, ukunemba futhi kuncike ubuchwepheshe udokotela.

Ukuhlonzwa kwamanje komdlavuza womlomo kanye nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kube yingozi kuncike ekuhlolweni kwezicubu eziqondiwe futhi kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-histopathological okwenziwa udokotela oqeqeshiwe. Nakuba le ndlela ibhekwa njengezinga legolide lokuhlonza umdlavuza, inemikhawulo eminingana. I-tissue biopsy iyinqubo ebizayo, ehlaselayo futhi evame ukuchitha isikhathi. Ukuchazwa kokuxilongwa nakho kunenkinga kukho kokubili ukuhlukahluka phakathi kanye ne-intra-observer. Ngakho-ke, kuye kwaba nokugcizelela okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni amathuluzi amasha okuhlola ukuze kutholakale ngokunembile umdlavuza womlomo ezinyathelweni zokuqala. Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo kanye nezinketho zokwelapha kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela lapho isiguli singabaza.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Optical bunekhono lokunikeza ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi sangempela ngendlela ehlasela kancane kuyilapho bususa isikhathi eside sokulinda futhi bunikeza usizo ekukhetheni indawo ye-biopsy. Enye indlela yokubona enembe kakhulu ekutholeni isilonda somlomo i-autofluorescence. Ezinye izindlela zokuhlonza kusenesikhathi zakhiwe njenge-Toluidine Blue (TBlue).

Njengoba umdlavuza womlomo uyabulala lapho utholwa sekwephuzile, umuntu kufanele avakashele izibhedlela ezingcono kakhulu zokwelapha umdlavuza ukuze kutholwe kusenesikhathi nangokunembile. Lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni bafune ukuhlolelwa umdlavuza womlomo ngendlela efanele.