I-Pulmonary Stenosis: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

I-pulmonary stenosis noma i-pulmonary valve stenosis wukuncipha kwe-valve phakathi kwegumbi lenhliziyo eliphansi kwesokudla kanye nemithambo yamaphaphu. Lapho i-valve incisha, ibuye ishube, ibangele ukuqina futhi iholele ekunciphiseni ukugeleza kwegazi nge-valve. Igumbi lenhliziyo elingezansi kwesokudla, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-ventricle elungile, kufanele lisebenze kanzima ukumpompa igazi emaphashini njengoba i-valve iba mncane.

Ezimweni eziningi, i-pulmonary stenosis noma isifo se-valve yamaphaphu sikhona ekuzalweni, okwenza kube yisimo sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bahlakulele i-pulmonary stenosis ngenxa yezinye izifo. Ubunzima besimo bungahluka, abantu abane-stenosis ethambile baba nezimpawu ezimbalwa noma abangenazo nhlobo, kodwa okudinga ukuhlolwa njalo. Labo abane-stenosis emaphakathi noma eqinile bangadinga izinqubo zezokwelapha zokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni se-valve.

Yiziphi Izimpawu Ze-Pulmonary Stenosis?

Izimpawu ze-stenosis yamaphaphu zincike ezingeni lokuvinjwa kokugeleza kwegazi. Abantu abane-stenosis emaphakathi bangase bangaziboni izimpawu ekuqaleni, kuyilapho labo abane-stenosis emaphakathi noma eqinile bangase babone izimpawu phakathi nokuzivocavoca noma imisebenzi ekhandlayo. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-pulmonic stenosis:

• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphelelwa amandla
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzikhandla ngokomzimba
• Umsindo ohlabayo owaziwa ngokuthi ukububula kwenhliziyo (otholakala nge-stethoscope)

Izingane ezinalesi simo zingabonisa isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma esimpunga, ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-oxygen.

Yiziphi Izimbangela Ze-Pulmonary Stenosis?

Imbangela eqondile ye-pulmonary stenosis ayicaci. Ikakhulukazi, lesi simo senzeka ngaphambi kokuzalwa, lapho i-valve yamaphaphu ingakhuli kahle ngesikhathi umntwana ekhula esibelethweni. Lesi simo sibangela iningi lesifo senhliziyo sokuzalwa. I-valve yamaphaphu inezicucu ezintathu zethishu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-flaps (ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-cusps), avuleka futhi avale ngokushaya kwenhliziyo ngakunye. Lawa ma-flap aqinisekisa ukuthi igazi ligeleza ngendlela efanele.

Ku-pulmonary stenosis, i-cusps eyodwa noma ngaphezulu iba mkhulu noma iqine. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingahlanganiswa, futhi ama-flaps awavuleki ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi elisegunjini eliphansi lenhliziyo liphume, okwandisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwegumbi lenhliziyo futhi kucindezele inhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokho, igumbi lenhliziyo eliphansi liyaqina futhi libe mkhulu.

Itholakala Kanjani I-Pulmonary Stenosis?

I-Pulmonary stenosis ivame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni, kodwa ingase ingabonakali kuze kube yilapho umuntu omdala noma athuthuke kamuva ekuphileni. Phakathi nokubonana kokuqala nodokotela, bazohlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo besebenzisa i-stethoscope, futhi bangase bezwe ukububula kwenhliziyo - umsindo ohlabayo enhliziyweni obangelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okuguquguqukayo ku-valve. Nokho, bangase futhi ba-ode ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana nalokhu:

• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): I-electrocardiogram iyisivivinyo esisheshayo nesingenabuhlungu esirekhoda isignali kagesi enhliziyweni. Umhlinzeki wezempilo ubeka ama-electrode (iziqephu ezinamathelayo) esifubeni futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ama-electrode axhunywe kukhompyutha, ebonisa imiphumela. Isigqi senhliziyo singabonakala ku-electrocardiogram, engase futhi ibonise izimpawu ze-hypertrophy yemisipha yenhliziyo.
• I-Cardiac Catheterization: Umhlinzeki wezempilo ufinyelela inhliziyo ngokufaka ishubhu elincane elaziwa ngokuthi i-catheter emithanjeni yegazi esesiswini. Ukuze benze imithambo yegazi ibonakale kakhudlwana kuma-X-ray, bajova udayi ogeleza nge-catheter uye emithanjeni yegazi.
  • Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, bangase futhi benze i-coronary angiography. Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izingcindezi ezingaphakathi kwenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi igazi limpompa ngamandla kangakanani enhliziyweni. Odokotela babe sebehlola izinga le-pulmonary stenosis ngokukala umehluko wengcindezi phakathi komthambo wamaphaphu negumbi lenhliziyo eliphansi kwesokudla.
• I-Echocardiogram: I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukukhiqiza izithombe zenhliziyo futhi ikhombisa ukuthi inhliziyo ishaya futhi iphampa kanjani igazi. Ingase futhi iveze ukuma kwe-valve yamaphaphu kanye nezinga elincipha ngalo.
• Okunye Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Okunye ukuhlola, okufana ne-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kanye ne-CT Scan (Computed Tomography), nakho kuyasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwe-pulmonary valve stenosis.

Yelashwa Kanjani I-Pulmonary Stenosis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-stenosis ye-valve yamaphaphu kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:

Ukushintsha Ivalvu Yamaphaphu: Ukushintshwa kwevalvu yamaphaphu kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo evulekile, lapho ivalvu enempilo ithatha indawo yalelo elimele. Uma kunezinye izimo zenhliziyo ezifanayo, zingase zixazululwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okufanayo. Isinqumo sokulungisa noma ukushintsha i-valve yamaphaphu eyonakele sisekelwe ezintweni eziningana:

• Ubunzima besimo
• Ukuvama nokuqina kwezimpawu
• Iminyaka yobudala kanye nempilo jikelele yomuntu ngamunye
• Amathuba okuba isimo sibe sibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Isidingo sokulungisa ezinye izifo zenhliziyo.

Le nqubo yokuhlinzwa iqhutshwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isiguli asizwa ubuhlungu. Amaphaphu axhunywe okwesikhashana emshinini we-bypass ukuze alondoloze ukujikeleza kwegazi ngendlela efanele phakathi nokuhlinzwa.

I-Balloon Valvuloplasty: Ngesikhathi sebhaluni i-valvuloplasty, umhlinzeki wezempilo ufaka i-catheter enebhaluni esihlokweni sayo, ngokuvamile ngomthambo we-groyne. Iqondiswa yi-X-ray imaging, i-catheter iqondiswe ku-valve ewumngcingo. Ibhaluni libe selivuthelwa umoya ukuze kwandiswe ukuvuleka kwevalvu. Kamuva, ibhaluni liyakhishwa futhi likhishwe kanye ne-catheter. I-Valvuloplasty ingase ithuthukise ukugeleza kwegazi futhi inciphise izimpawu ze-pulmonary valve stenosis. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi simo singase siphinde sivele, okuholela esidingweni sokuhlinzwa esikhundleni se-valve yamaphaphu kwezinye izimo.

Isiphetho

Uma umuntu ezwa ngisho nokungakhululeki okuncane esifubeni sakhe, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze ugcine inhliziyo iphilile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko ezithile endleleni yokuphila nazo zingasiza kakhulu futhi zinciphise noma yimaphi amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo. Njengoba i-stenosis ye-pulmonary iyisifo sokuzalwa, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.