Ukungaqini Kwamahlombe: Izimbangela, Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Izingozi, Nokwelashwa

Ihlombe liyibhola kanye nejoyinti yesokhethi elivumela ukunyakaza okubanzi kwezingalo. Ingxenye engaphezulu yethambo lengalo engenhla (i-humerus) ihlezi emgodini ongenalutho wejoyinti lehlombe futhi ibanjwe imigqa kanye noqwanga. Ngezinye izikhathi, ububanzi bokunyakaza bungase bube nomkhawulo ngenxa yokungazinzi kwehlombe, okungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu eziningi futhi kungase kuholele ekungazinzini okuphindaphindiwe. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlinzayo nezingezona ukuhlinzwa zingasiza ekwelapheni nasekulawuleni ukungazinzi kwamahlombe.

Kuyini ukungazinzi kwehlombe?

Ukungaqini kwamahlombe yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza isimo lapho ikhanda le-humeral liphuma khona emgodini wesokhethi wehlombe, okubangela ukungakhululeki nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi wokunyakaza. Lokhu kungaba ukukhishwa okuhlala amasekhondi ambalwa noma amaminithi, noma kungase futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu, futhi ukususwa kudinga usizo ukuze kulungiswe. 

Uma kwenzeka ukungazinzi kwehlombe, kungase kube nokulimala kokubambisana ehlombe. Izinyembezi ze-Labral (ukulimala ku-cartilage ethambile ezungeze i-glenoid), izinyembezi ze-rotator cuff, ukulimala kwe-cartilage, nokuphuka kungase kwenzeke eceleni kokungaqini kwehlombe. Ukungaqini kahle kwamahlombe kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu njengokuwa noma ukungqubuzana ngamandla. Kodwa kungenzeka futhi ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka esigamekweni esibuhlungu, njengasesigamekweni sika-Ehlers-Danlos, okuyisifo sofuzo esithinta izicubu ezixhumeneyo emzimbeni.

Yiziphi izimpawu zokungaqini kwamahlombe?

Isibonakaliso esivame kakhulu sokungazinzi kwehlombe ubuhlungu esifundeni sehlombe esithintekile. Abanye abantu bangase futhi bezwe ubunzima ehlombe elithintekile njengokungathi ingalo iphuma endaweni ehlangene yesokhethi. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kugqama kakhulu lapho umuntu enza umnyakazo othize wengalo. Kungase futhi kube nokuvuvukala noma ukulimaza okubonakalayo endaweni ethintekile yehlombe.

Kunohla lwezinye izimpawu zokungaqini kahle kwamahlombe ezingatholwa abantu abathintekile. Izimpawu zokungaqini kahle kwehlombe zingabonakala ngendlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kulezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukuzwa noma ukuzwa ukuphuma kwelunga lehlombe
• Ubuthakathaka bengalo, ikakhulukazi lapho uphakamisa noma wenza ukunyakaza okudinga amandla emisipha
• Ukuzwa sengathi ingalo/ihlombe libhajwe
• Ukuzwa ukunyakaza okuphakeme kwebhola kanye nelunga lesokhethi

Izimbangela zokungaqini kwehlombe

Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokungaqini kahle kwehlombe ukuhlukumezeka ngokomzimba noma ukulimala, njengokushayisana noma ukuwa. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu bezemidlalo abadinga ukuphindaphinda ukunyakaza kwengalo noma kwehlombe, njengakwikhilikithi noma ithenisi. Nokho, kungase kube nezimo ezithile noma izimo ezingase ziholele ekuntengantengeni kwamahlombe. Izimbangela ezinjalo zokungaqini kahle kwamahlombe zingabandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuslayida noma ukutshuza 
• Izinkinga zokubamba 
• Izimo zofuzo ezifana no-Ehlers-Danlos
• Ukusebenzisa ihlombe ngokweqile kubangela ukukhathala kwemisipha

Kutholakala kanjani ukungazinzi kwehlombe?

Uma umuntu ebona izimpawu zokungaqini kwehlombe, udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba kwesiguli ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa. Umlando wokulimala kwangaphambilini ungase udingeke ukuze uxilongwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa komzimba, udokotela angase ahlole amaphuzu okuzwela futhi ahlole uhla lwengalo yokunyakaza. Ukuxega kwelunga lehlombe kungase kunqunywe futhi kuhlolwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe kungase kudingeke ukuze kuhlolwe izimbangela zokungaqini kahle kwamahlombe. I-X-ray ingase inikeze ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuhlonzwe noma kukhishwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuphuka. Kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okufana ne-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan kanye/noma ukuhlolwa kodayi (i-arthrogram), okungasiza ukuphenya amalunga ehlombe nezicubu ngokuqhubekayo.

Kwelashwa kanjani ukungazinzi kwamahlombe?

Iziguli ezinokugudluzwa kwehlombe okuphelele noma okuyingxenye zingase zithole ukukhululeka ngokunikeza ukuphumula engalweni ethintekile nokugwema imisebenzi ekhandlayo izinsuku ezimbalwa. Uma ubuhlungu bukhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuthi unganyakazi usebenzisa i-cast kanye ne-sling noma i-bracing ehlombe. Ngemuva kokuthi izimpawu ezingokomzimba zobuhlungu nokuvuvukala kuncipha, ukuvuselelwa ngokomzimba kokubuyisela uhla lokunyakaza kungase kunconywe. Lolu chungechunge lokwelashwa lungase lube yimpumelelo ezigulini futhi luzisize zibuyele emisebenzini yazo yempilo yansuku zonke phakathi nendaba yamaviki ambalwa. Inqubo yokuvuselela umzimba yenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa okugadiwe kochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngokomzimba.

Ukusebenzisa amaphakethe eqhwa kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. Ukuphuza izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) nakho kungasiza ekudambiseni ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala. Kodwa-ke, abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuphindaphinda ukungazinzi kwehlombe noma abaye babhekana nokulimala kwehlombe ngaphambilini bangase banconywe ukuba bathole ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa. 

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kokungaqini kwehlombe kungase kuhloswe ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwehlombe nokusiza iziguli ukuba ziphinde ziqale imisebenzi yazo yansuku zonke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-arthroscopic kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-arthroscope, engasiza ukuzinzisa ukuxega okuncane. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sokungaqini kahle kwehlombe, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile okungenasidingo kungase kudingeke. Ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile kuzovumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi bafinyelele i-capsule ehlangene, imigqa, ne-labrum, okungase kulungiswe noma kunamathiselwe kabusha kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye ebangela ukungazinzi. 

I-arthroscopy isiza ukulungisa izakhiwo ezihlonzwe njengembangela yokungazinzi kwehlombe ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Kuhilela ukusebenzisa izintambo ukuze wenze ukuhlinzwa noma ngokusebenzisa amahange ensimbi noma epulasitiki ukuze uxhume kabusha imigqa futhi uyibambe isendaweni. 

Izingozi    

Nakuba isimo sokungazinzi kwehlombe singase senzeke ngenxa yokulimala ngengozi, abanye abantu bangase babe engozini enkulu yokubhekana nokungaqini kwamahlombe kunabanye. Lezi zici zobungozi zingabandakanya okulandelayo:

• Ukuba mncane
• Ukubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yokuxhumana eqinile efana nebhola, ihokhi, ibasketball, njll.
• Umlando wokulimala kwehlombe kwangaphambilini
• Ukuba nemisipha exegayo, evamile kubabhukudi, nabadansi, noma ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kofuzo 
• Isifo sokuwa

Izinkinga

Abantu abaye babhekana nokungazinzi kwehlombe basengozini enkulu yokukhishwa kwehlombe okuphindaphindiwe kanye nesifo samathambo emahlombe. Uma izinga lokungaqini liphakeme, umonakalo omkhulu ezakhiweni ezizungezile ehlombe, okungukuthi, emathanjeni, ku-cartilage, nama-rotator cuffs.

Ngingadinga nini ukuhlinzwa?

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kokungazinzi kwehlombe kungase kucatshangelwe kubantu abanokuphila okusebenzayo ngokomzimba noma abathintekayo emidlalweni engase iholele ekungazinzini kwehlombe esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yokucindezela kanzima kwezingalo namahlombe. Ukuhlinzwa kungase futhi kunconywe kulabo abanemisipha exegayo emahlombe ngokwemvelo futhi bahlangabezane nokungazinzi ngenkathi benza imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokulala nokugqoka. 

Isiphetho

Ukungaqini kahle kwamahlombe kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, futhi ingozi yokwenzeka kwayo ingase incike ezintweni ezithile. Zombili izindlela zokwelapha zokuhlinza nezingezona zokuhlinzwa ziyatholakala ukuze kulungiswe ukungazinzi kwehlombe. Ngokusekelwa kokuvuselelwa ngokomzimba, uhla oluphelele lokunyakaza lungabuyiselwa cishe emavikini angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ngokubuyela kancane kancane kweminye imisebenzi. Ithuba lokuphindaphinda ukungazinzi kwehlombe ngemva kokuhlinzwa liphansi kakhulu (cishe u-3-5%), futhi iziguli zingase ziqale kabusha imisebenzi yazo evamile phakathi nesikhathi esifushane.