Amacebiso Okuvimbela Izifo Ezibangelwa Amanzi

Izifo ezitholakala emanzini yizimo noma izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane asakazwa ngamanzi angahlanzekile noma angcolile. Lezi zimo zingasatshalaliswa ngamanzi angcolile asetshenziselwa ukwenza ukudla, ukuwasha, ukugeza nokuphuza. 

Izinhlekelele zemvelo njengezivunguvungu, izikhukhula kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba kubangela izinguquko emaphethini e-pathogenic aqala lezi zifo. Izifo ezitholakala emanzini nazo zisabalele ngenxa yokungalungiswa kahle kwamapayipi amanzi. Ukuxubana kwamanzi okuphuza kanye nendle yimbangela enkulu.

Amagciwane kanye nezifo ezithwala amanzi ezisakazwa yizo zimi kanje:

• igciwane - Uhudo lwe-Rotavirus ezinsaneni, i-poliomyelitis, I-Hepatitis E, kanye ne-viral hepatitis A.
• I-Leptospiral - Isifo sika-Weil
• Ama-Protozoans - Giardiasis kanye amoebiasis
• Ama-bacterium - Ikholera, i-paratyphoid fever, typhoid fever, E. Coli diarrhoe, kanye ne-Bacillary dysentery
• I-Helminthic - Isifo se-Hydatid, i-threadworm, ne-roundworm

Ziyini Izifo Ezitholakala Ngamanzi?

Izifo ezitholakala emanzini yizifo ezibangelwa ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile noma ukuhlangana namanzi aqukethe izinto ezithathelwanayo ezifana namagciwane, amagciwane, i-protozoa, noma izimuncagazi. Lezi zifo ngokuvamile zitholakala ngokuphuza, ukubhukuda, noma ukusebenzisa amanzi angcolile ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene njengokupheka noma ukuwasha.

Yiziphi Ezinye Izinhlobo Zezifo Ezithwalwa Ngamanzi?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ezitholakala emanzini, kuhlanganise:

1. ikholera: Ibangelwa amagciwane i-Vibrio cholerae, ikholera iholela esihudo esibi kakhulu nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okubeka engcupheni enkulu yokufa uma ingelashwa ngokushesha.
2. I-Typhoid Fever: Ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okubangelwa i-Salmonella typhi, esakazwa ngamanzi angcolile noma ukudla. Izimpawu zihlanganisa umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, nezinkinga zesisu.
3. I-hepatitis A: Isifo segciwane esithinta isibindi, esisakazwa ngamanzi noma ngokudla okunegciwane le-hepatitis A (HAV). Kuholela ezimpawu ezifana ne-jaundice, ukukhathala, nobuhlungu besisu.
4. IGiardiasis: Lesi sifo sibangelwa yi-protozoan parasite i-Giardia lamblia, lesi sifo sihlasela amathumbu futhi siholela ezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, amajaqamba esiswini kanye nokuqunjelwa.
5. I-Cryptosporidiosis: Ibangelwa i-parasite Cryptosporidium, ibangela uhudo olumanzi, amajaqamba esiswini, isicanucanu, nokuhlanza.
6. Isisu: Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu, ngokuvamile okubangelwa amagciwane, okuholela esihudo esibi esinegazi noma amafinyila esitulweni. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa amagciwane e-Shigella noma ama-amoeba.

Ukuvimbela izifo ezitholakala emanzini kuhilela ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, aphephile, ukukhucululwa kwendle ngendlela efanele, ukugcinwa kwenhlanzeko, ukwelapha imithombo yamanzi, nokunamathela ezinyathelweni zezempilo zomphakathi zokunciphisa izingozi zokungcola. Amanzi abilayo, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza amanzi, nokugcina imikhuba yenhlanzeko efanele kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo ezibangelwa amanzi.

Izimbangela Zokugula Kwamanzi

Izimbangela zezifo ezibangelwa amanzi ngokuyinhloko zisukela ekubeni khona kwamagciwane emithonjeni yamanzi ngenxa yokungcoliswa yimfucumfucu yabantu noma yezilwane, izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle ezinganele, noma ukungcoliswa kwemisebenzi yezimboni nezolimo. Izici ezinjengezinga eliphansi lamanzi, ukukhucululwa kwendle okungafanele, nemikhuba yenhlanzeko eyanele kunengxenye ekwandeni kwezifo ezibangelwa amanzi.

Izimpawu Zezifo Ezibangelwa Amanzi

Izimpawu zezifo ezitholakala emanzini zingaba ezilandelayo;

• Uhudo
• I-nausea
• Ukuvota
• Fever
• Amajaqamba esisu
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Isikhukhula

Ukuvimbela Izifo Ezibangelwa Amanzi

Ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO), izifo ezitholakala emanzini zihlasela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.8 ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke, abanye babo ababulalayo. Inombolo ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa izingane ezisemazweni asathuthuka njengeNdiya.

Nokho okuhle wukuthi lezi zifo ziyagwemeka uma kunakekelwa ngendlela efanele. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo, abantu ngabanye bangazivikela bona nemindeni yabo emiphumeleni eyingozi yalezi zifo. 

Nawa amanye amathiphu okuvikela izifo ezitholakala emanzini:

Ukukhipha Amagciwane Amanzi

Imithombo eminingi yokwenziwa neyemvelo ingcoliswe izinto ezinobuthi kanye nemfucuza. E-India, ingxenye yamapayipi iletha amanzi angakahlanzwa. Ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuvimbela ukuqubuka kwezifo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukufaka umshini wokuhlanza amanzi ezindlini. Uma kungenzeki, engeza i-iodine evamile emanzini bese uwabilisa imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze alungele ukusetshenziswa. Lena enye yezindlela eziphephile nezilula zokuthola ukuvikeleka ezifweni ezitholakala emanzini. 

Imvelo Ehlanzekile 

Ukusabalala kwezifo ezitholakala emanzini kwenzeka ngemithombo engahlanzekile. Ingxenye enkulu yabantu baseNdiya ihlala ezindaweni ezinomalaleveva. Ukusabalala kwalesi sifo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuzalanisa omiyane emithonjeni yamanzi evulekile futhi kwanda ngesikhathi sezimvula. Ukuvimbela ukubola kwamanzi, ukuvala amagciwane emithonjeni yamanzi evulekile, nokuhlanza imisele kungasiza ekumiseni indawo ehlanzekile yokuhlala futhi kulawule ukuzalaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ezibanga izifo.

Inhlanzeko Yomuntu

Ukunganaki ukudla kanye nenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu kungenza umuntu angenwe yizifo eziningi. Ukwenza ezinye izinqubo zokuhlanzeka ezivamile, njengokusebenzisa izindlu zangasese ezihlanzekile, ukushaywa ngamanzi, ukusebenzisa izibulala-magciwane, nokugeza izinyawo nezandla ngemva kokubuya ehhovisi noma ekhaya, kungasiza ekwehliseni amathuba okuba nesifo. Okunye, abantu kumele bakugweme ukudla okungenamsoco kanye nokudla kwasemgwaqweni uma kuqubuke isifo sohudo, isifo sohudo, ikholera noma i-typhoid. 

Yidla Ukudla Okuphephile

Izidalwa ezithwala izifo ezithwala izifo ziyachuma ekudleni okungamboziwe nokudala. Ngakho-ke, abantu kufanele badle izinto ezishisayo nezimboziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele zigcinwe ngaphandle. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izithelo nemifino ngoviniga oxutshiwe futhi ukufake efrijini ukuze uzigcine. 

Ukugonywa

Imithi yokugoma ivimbela izigidi zokufa ngenxa yezifo ezitholakala emanzini. Kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula ukusakazeka kwezifo. Imithi inganikezwa inani elikhulu labantu ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Nakuba zingenakuthatha indawo yezindlela zokuvimbela ezivamile, zingasiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba ukuze kuncishiswe izimpawu nezimpawu zezifo kanye nokululama ngokushesha. 

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugoma ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane asebe omama muva nje kufanele bancelise izingane zabo izinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze zibasize bakhe amasosha omzimba alwa nezifo ezifana nesifo sohudo. Abanakekeli nabazali bezingane kufanele babulale amagciwane ezandleni zabo ngensipho ngemva kokushintsha izingubo namanabukeni ewadi. 

Ukusabalalisa Ukuqwashisa

Ukungaqwashisi ngokubhebhetheka kanye nezimpawu zezifo ezitholakala emanzini kungesinye sezizathu esenza zingabonwa futhi zingalashwa. Uma zonke izindlela zokuvimbela zihluleka, izinketho zokwelashwa zisengakwazi ukulawula ezinye izinkinga. Ukusabalalisa ulwazi kanye nokufundisa umndeni nabangane ngezingozi zezifo kungasiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuthi uthinteke noma izindlela ezizothathwa ngemva kokutheleleka. 

Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ngobuningi, ubunikazi bomuntu ngamunye, kanye nezinhlelo zendawo zingaholela ekuxilongweni kwesikhathi, ukungenelela kanye nokwelashwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amanzi, ukunciphisa inani lokufa.

Isiphetho

Minyaka yonke, izifo ezibangelwa amanzi zihlasela izigidi zabantu, ikakhulukazi labo abangenawo amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Lezi zifo ziholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. Uma wonke umuntu ethola inhlanzeko, wenza ukukhucululwa kwendle okuphephile futhi inamanzi okuphuza aphephile, khona-ke lezi zifo ezitholakala emanzini ngeke zibe khona.