Ukuze Uzwe Ukuphila Konke, Lalela Ngokunakekela: Usuku Lomhlaba Lokulalela lwango-2022

Usuku Lomhlaba Lokulalela ukuze kuqwashiswe ngokuvimbela ukungezwa nokungezwa. Kuyaqashelwa futhi ukukhuthaza ukunakekelwa kwezindlebe nokuzwa emhlabeni wonke. NgoSuku Lomhlaba Lokulalela 2022, i-WHO izogxila ekubalulekeni kokulalela okuphephile njengendlela yokugcina ukuzwa okuhle kuyo yonke impilo.

Ukukhubaza ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuchazwa njengokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe okukhulu kunamazinga okuzwa angu-40Db (dB HL) endlebeni yokuzwa engcono kubantu abadala futhi enkulu kuno-30dB HL endlebeni yokuzwa engcono Ezinganeni, ukuguga kuyisici esivame kakhulu esiholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe.

Nokho, ezinye izici eziningi nazo zinesibopho sazo ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. “Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo, izinhlobo ezithile zezifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezindlebeni ezingalapheki, ubuthi bokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithile nokuchayeka emsindweni omkhulu,”

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okwenzeka kancane kancane njengoba ukhula (presbycusis) kuvamile.

Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kuchazwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezintathu:

• I-conductive (ibandakanya indlebe yangaphandle noma ephakathi)
• I-Sensorineural (ihlanganisa indlebe yangaphakathi)
• Okuhlanganisiwe (okubili)

Ukuguga nokuchayeka okungapheli emisindweni ephezulu kokubili kunomthelela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa. Ezinye izici, njenge-earwax eyeqile, zinganciphisa okwesikhashana indlela izindlebe zakho eziwuphatha kahle ngayo umsindo.

Awukwazi ukuhlehlisa izinhlobo eziningi zokungezwa. Nokho, wena nodokotela wakho noma a uchwepheshe wezindlebe esibhedlela sendlebe e-Hyderabad angathatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa lokho okuzwayo.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu nezimpawu zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zingabandakanya:

• Ukufingqa inkulumo neminye imisindo
• Ubunzima bokuqonda amagama, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nomsindo wangemuva noma esixukwini
• Inkinga yokuzwa ongwaqa
• Ukucela njalo abanye ukuthi bakhulume kancane, ngokucacile, futhi bakhulume kakhulu
• Idinga ukuphakamisa ivolumu yethelevishini noma yomsakazo
• Ukuhoxa ezingxoxweni
• Ukugwema ezinye izilungiselelo zomphakathi.

Uzwa kanjani

Indlebe yakho inezindawo ezintathu ezinkulu: indlebe engaphandle, indlebe ephakathi nendawo, nengaphakathi lendlebe. Amaza omsindo adlula endlebeni engaphandle futhi abangele ukudlidliza esigungwini sendlebe. Isigubhu sendlebe namathambo amathathu amancane endlebe emaphakathi akhulisa ukundindizela njengoba eya endlebeni yangaphakathi. Lapho, ukundindizela kudlula oketshezini olusesimweni esimise okomnenke endlebeni engaphakathi (cochlea).

Emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa ku-cochlea kunezinkulungwane zezinwele ezincane ezisiza ukuhumusha ukundindizela kwemisindo kube izimpawu zikagesi ezidluliselwa ebuchosheni bakho. Ubuchopho bakho buphendula lezi zimpawu zibe umsindo.

Ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungenzeka kanjani

Izimbangela zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa zihlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kwengaphakathi lendlebe.
• Ukuguga nokuchayeka emsindweni omkhulu kungase kubangele ukuguga nokudabuka ezinweleni noma kumaseli ezinzwa ku-cochlea athumela izimpawu zomsindo ebuchosheni. Uma lezi zinwele noma amangqamuzana ezinzwa ezilimele noma engekho, amasignali kagesi awadluliswa ngendlela efanele, futhi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwenzeka.
• Amathoni aphakeme kakhulu angase angazwakali kuwe. Kungase kube nzima kuwe ukukhetha amagama ngokumelene nomsindo wangemuva.
• Ukwakheka kancane kancane kwe-earwax. I-Earwax ingavimba umsele wezindlebe futhi ivimbele ukuhamba kwamaza omsindo. Ukususwa kwe-Earwax kungasiza ukubuyisela ukuzwa kwakho.
• Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe kanye nokukhula okungavamile kwamathambo noma izimila. Endlebeni engaphandle noma emaphakathi, noma yikuphi kwalokhu kungabangela ukungezwa.
• I-eardrum ephukile (i-tympanic membrane perforation). Ukuqhuma okukhulu komsindo, izinguquko ezingazelelwe zokucindezela, ukugqobhoza isigubhu sendlebe ngento ethile kanye nokungenwa yizifo kungase kubangele ukuba indlebe yakho iqhume futhi kuthinte ukuzwa kwakho.

Sifo

Ukuhlola ukuze xilonga ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Udokotela wakho uzobheka endlebeni yakho ngezimbangela ezingase zibe khona zokulahlekelwa ukuzwa, njenge-earwax noma ukuvuvukala okuvela ekutheleleni. Udokotela wakho uzophinde abheke noma yiziphi izimbangela zesakhiwo zezinkinga zakho zokuzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile. Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise ukuhlolwa kokuhleba, akucele ukuthi uvale indlebe eyodwa ngesikhathi ukuze ubone ukuthi uzwa kahle kangakanani amagama akhulunywa ngamavolumu ahlukahlukene nokuthi uphendula kanjani kweminye imisindo. Ukunemba kwayo kungalinganiselwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okususelwe kuhlelo lokusebenza. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula ziyatholakala ongazisebenzisa uwedwa kuthebulethi yakho ukuze uhlole ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe okumaphakathi.
• Ukushuna ukuhlolwa kwemfoloko. Izimfoloko zokushuna zinezinhlangothi ezimbili, izinsimbi zensimbi ezikhiqiza imisindo uma zishaywa. Ukuhlola okulula okunezimfoloko zokulungisa kungasiza udokotela wakho abone ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Lokhu kuhlola kungase futhi kubonise ukuthi umonakalo wenzeke kuphi endlebeni yakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Audiometer. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa okuphelele okwenziwa isazi sokulalela, ufaka izindlebe futhi uzwe imisindo namagama aqondiswe endlebeni ngayinye. Ithoni ngayinye iphindaphindwa emazingeni apholile ukuze uthole umsindo othule kakhulu ongawuzwa.

Ukwelashwa Kokulahlekelwa Ukuzwa

Uma unezinkinga zokuzwa, ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa ukuzwa e-Hyderabad kuzoncika kumbangela nobukhulu bokulahlekelwa kwakho ukuzwa.
Nazi ezinye izinketho zendlela yokuvikela ukuzwa kwakho kufaka phakathi:

• Ukukhipha i-wax blockage. Ukuvinjwa kwe-Earwax kuyimbangela ebuyiselekayo yokulahlekelwa ukuzwa. Udokotela wakho angase asuse i-earwax esebenzisa ukumunca noma ithuluzi elincane elinelophu ekugcineni.
• Izinqubo zokuhlinza. Ezinye izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa izindlebe zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukungavamile kwe-eardrum noma amathambo okuzwa (ossicles). Uma uke waba nezifo eziphindaphindiwe ngoketshezi oluqhubekayo, udokotela wakho angase afake amashubhu amancane asiza izindlebe zakho ziphume.
• Izinsiza-kuzwa. Uma ukungezwa kwakho kungenxa yokulimala kwendlebe yakho yangaphakathi, insiza-kuzwa ingaba usizo. Isazi sokuzwa singaxoxa nawe ngezinzuzo ezingaba khona zensiza-kuzwa futhi ikufake ngomshini. Izinsiza kusebenza ezivulekile yizona ezidume kakhulu njengamanje, ngenxa yokulingana nezici ezinikezwayo.
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear. Uma unenkinga yokuzwa enzima kakhulu futhi uthola izinzuzo ezilinganiselwe ezinsizeni ezivamile zokuzwa, khona-ke ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear kungase kube inketho. Ngokungafani nensiza-kuzwa ekhulisa umsindo futhi iwuqondise endlebeni yakho, i-cochlear implant idlula izingxenye ezilimele noma ezingasebenzi zengaphakathi lendlebe yakho futhi ishukumise inzwa yokuzwa ngokuqondile. Udokotela ohlola izindlebe, ikhala, nomphimbo, kanye nodokotela wezifo zengqondo.ENT), bangaxoxa ngobungozi kanye nezinzuzo.

Intuthuko entsha kubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa kwe-Cochlear

Ukufakwa kwe-cochlear sekuneminyaka engamashumi ambalwa manje. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko emkhakheni we-microelectronics kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula amasignali yenze enye intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-CI. Nakuba ukufakwa kwe-Cochlear kuze kube manje kugxile ekunikezeni ikhono lokuzwa kubantu abakhubazekile, intuthuko entsha emkhakheni igxile ekukhiqizeni ama-electrode amancanyana kakhulu aklanywe ukuthi abe ne-atraumatic ngokuphelele ukuze kulondolozwe izakhiwo ezithambile ze-cochlear zemvelo. Ngokufanayo, ukulondoloza ukuzwa okuyinsalela ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa kungenye indawo ebalulekile evelayo esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokufakelwa kwe-cochlear.

UDkt. N. Vishnu Swaroop Reddy - Inhloko yoMnyango Wokuhlinza Kwe-ENT, Izibhedlela ze-CARE, e-Banjarahills, uthe ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwe-neonatal emissions usebenzisa i-otoacoustic emissions kanye ne-brainstem evoked response audiometry for usana olusanda kuzalwa nokuhlonza ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa ku-ototoxicity kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa umsindo.

UDkt. N. Vishnu Swaroop Reddy

Umqondisi Womtholampilo Inhloko Yomnyango & Nomeluleki Omkhulu we-ENT kanye noDokotela Ohlinza Ngepulasitiki Wobuso
MS (ENT), FRCS (Edinburgh), FRCS (Ireland), DLORCS (England)
Izibhedlela ze-CARE - Banjara Hills & Hi-tech City