I-Traumatic Brain Injury: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu, Izimbangela kanye Nokwelashwa

Cabanga ngemisebenzi elula, njengokubopha izicathulo zakho noma ukukhumbula igama lomngane, osekuphenduke izinselele ezinkulu ngemva kokushaywa ngobudlova, i-jolt, noma ukulimala kuya Ubuchopho. Kubantu abaningi abane-TBI, lokhu kungaba ngokoqobo. Kodwa naphezu kobunzima obukhulu, ngokusekelwa okufanele, ukwelashwa, nokuzimisela okukhulu, ukululama kungafinyelelwa. Ake sixoxe ngezimbangela ezingase zibe khona, izimpawu, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zokulimala kobuchopho okudabukisayo ukuze nizilungiselele kahle uma kwenzeka wena noma othandekayo wakho ehlushwa i-TBI.

Kuyini I-Traumatic Brain Injury?

Uhlobo lokulimala kobuchopho okwenzeka lapho kungazelelwe, amandla angaphandle angokomzimba enza umonakalo ebuchosheni. Kungabangelwa izimbangela ezihlukahlukene, njengokulimala okungenangqondo, izingozi zemoto, ukuwa, ukulimala okuhlobene nezemidlalo, noma ukushaywa ngokomzimba. Ububanzi bomthelela bungaba kusuka kokuncane kuye kokuqina. Imiphumela ye-TBI ingaba eyesikhathi esifushane noma ehlala isikhathi eside, ithinte ikhono lomuntu lokusebenza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokulimala Kwengqondo Ebuhlungu

Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kungawela ngaphansi kwezigaba eziningana, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI): I-mTBI, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukungqubuzana, ihilela ukulahlekelwa isikhashana noma ukudideka, ngokulimala okuncane noma okungekho okubonakalayo kobuchopho.
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Okuhlukumezekile Okumaphakathi: Lolu hlobo lwe-TBI luhilela ukulimala kwengqondo okubaluleke kakhulu, okuvame ukuholela ezikhathini ezingeziwe zokuquleka kanye nokukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo, ngokomzimba, nangokomzwelo.
• Ukulimala Okubi Kobuchopho Okuhlukumezayo: I-TBI enzima ibonakalisa njengokulimala kwengqondo okukhulu, ukuquleka isikhathi eside, nokukhubazeka okuphawulekayo kwengqondo, ngokomzimba, nangokomzwelo kwesikhathi eside.
• I-Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI): Lolu hlobo lwe-TBI lwenzeka lapho ubuchopho buba nokuzamazama okungazelelwe, okunamandla noma ukuzungeza, okuholela ekulimaleni okusabalele emicubu yezinzwa yobuchopho (ama-axon).

Izimpawu Zokulimala Kwengqondo Ebuhlungu

Izimpawu ze-TBI zingahluka kakhulu futhi zincike ebukhulwini bokulimala kanye nezindawo ezithile zobuchopho ezithintekile. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-TBI emnene zingabandakanya:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu noma migraines
• isiyezi noma izinkinga zebhalansi
• I-nausea futhi oluhlanzayo
• Ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa, njengokubona noma izinkinga zokuzwa
• Izinkinga zengqondo, njengokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ukugxila enkingeni, noma isivinini sokucubungula esinensa
• Izinguquko zemizwa nezokuziphatha, okuhlanganisa ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa, ukucasuka, noma ukucindezeleka
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ulimi
• Ukukhathala

Ukwengeza, umuntu one-TBI emaphakathi kuya kokuqina angathola:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni
• Ubunzima bokulinganisa nokuxhumana
• Ubunzima bokugxila kanye nokudideka
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana noma unomphela
• Izinguquko ekuboneni kwezinzwa, njengokuthinta, ukubona, ukuxhumana, noma izindaba zokuzwa
• Coma

Izimbangela Zokulimala Kwengqondo Ebuhlungu

Izici ezahlukahlukene zingadala i-TBI, kufaka phakathi:

• Izingozi Zezimoto: Ukushayisana kwezimoto, izingozi zezithuthuthu, nokushayisana kwezimoto zabahamba ngezinyawo kuyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-TBI.
• Ukuwa: Ukushibilika, uhambo, nokuwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala, kuyimbangela evamile ye-TBI.
• Ukulimala Okuhlobene Nezemidlalo: Imidlalo yokuxhumana (ibhola, ihokhi, nesibhakela) ingaholela ku-TBI.
• Ukuhlasela ngokomzimba: Izenzo zobudlova, ezinjengokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma amanxeba okudutshulwa, zingaholela ekulimaleni okulimazayo kwengqondo.
• Ukuqhuma Okuqhumayo: Abasebenzi bezempi nomakadebona bangase bahlangabezane ne-TBI ngenxa yokuchayeka ekuqhumeni kweziqhumane ngesikhathi sokulwa.

Izingozi Zezingozi

Izici ezithile zinganyusa ubungozi bomuntu bokuthola ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, okuhlanganisa:

• Iminyaka yobudala: Izingane kanye nabantu abadala bathambekele kakhulu ku-TBI.
• Ubulili: Amadoda maningi amathuba okuthi agcine i-TBI kunabesifazane.
• Ukusetshenziswa Kotshwala Nezidakamizwa: Ukwahlulela okukhinyabezekile nokusebenzisana kungandisa amathuba ezingozi nokulimala okuholela ku-TBI.
• Ukubamba iqhaza Kwezemidlalo noma Imisebenzi Enobungozi Ephezulu: Abantu abazibandakanya kwezemidlalo ezithintana nabo noma ezemidlalo eziyingozi basengozini enkulu ye-TBI.
• Umlando Wangaphambilini we-TBI: Ukuba nesipiliyoni se-TBI yangaphambilini kungenza umuntu abe sengozini enkulu yokulimala okuzayo.

Izinkinga

Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene, kokubili esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo: Ubunzima benkumbulo, ukunaka, ukuxazulula izinkinga, nokwenza izinqumo
• Ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba: Ukukhubazeka kwezimoto, njengobuthakathaka, ukukhubazeka, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa.
• Izinkinga Zezinzwa: Izinkinga zokubona, ukuzwa, noma ukulinganisela.
• Izinguquko Zemizwelo Nokuziphatha: Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma izinguquko zobuntu
• Ukuquleka: Ukwanda kwengozi yokuthola isithuthwane sangemva kokuhlukumezeka
• Ukwanda kwengozi yezinye izimo zezempilo, njenge Isifo sikaParkinson, Isifo i-Alzheimer, noma unhlangothi.

Prevention

Ngenkathi okunye ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu kungenakugwenywa, ungathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukwehlisa ubungozi be-TBI:

• Gqoka Izisetshenziswa Zokuphepha Ezifanelekile: Gqoka izigqoko zokuzivikela, amabhande ezihlalo, nezinye izinto zokuzivikela kuyilapho wenza imisebenzi ehilela ingozi enkulu yokulimala.
• Gwema Imikhuba Eyingozi: Gwema ukushayela ngemva kokuphuza utshwala noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa, futhi qaphela lapho ubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo noma imisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu.
• Gcina Imvelo Yasekhaya Ephephile: Qinisekisa ukuthi iphansi alinamfuhlumfuhlu, kunezinsimbi zokudonsa endlini yokugezela kanye nomata abangasheleli basetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuwa.
• Khuthaza Izinketho Zendlela Yokuphila Enempilo: Njalo Ukuvivinya, udle ukudla okunomsoco, futhi ulale ngokwanele ukuze usekele impilo yobuchopho iyonke.

Sifo

Ukuhlonza ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kuhilela inhlanganisela yokubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuxilonga, okufana nalokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwengqondo, ukukhalipha, kanye namakhono ezinzwa nawokunyakaza.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Izikena ze-CT, ama-MRIs, noma ezinye izindlela zokuthwebula ukuze kutholwe ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukuphuma
• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Neuropsychological: Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwengqondo, imizwa, nokuziphatha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Biomarker: Ukulinganisa amaprotheni athile noma izinto ezisegazini noma ku-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ezingase zibonise ukulimala kobuchopho.

Ukwelashwa Kokulimala Kobuchopho Okuhlukumezekile

Ukwelashwa kokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kungancika ezingeni lokulimala kanye nezimpawu ezithile ezitholwa umuntu. Izinketho zokwelapha zingabandakanya:

• Ukunakekelwa Okuphuthumayo: Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze kuzinze isiguli futhi kuvimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe.
• Imithi: Imithi kadokotela yokuphatha ubuhlungu, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, ukuvimbela ukuquleka, noma ukubhekana nezinye izimpawu.
• Ukuphumula: Ukuvumela isikhathi sokuthi ubuchopho bululame futhi bugweme imisebenzi enzima.
• Ukuvuselela: Ukwelapha ngokomzimba, emsebenzini, kanye nokukhuluma ukuze kusizwe umuntu aphinde athole amakhono nokuzimela.
• I-Cognitive Therapy: Amasu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, njengenkumbulo, ukunaka, nokuxazulula izinkinga.
• Ukwesekwa Kwengqondo: Ukwelulekwa noma ukwelapha ukubhekana nezinguquko ezingokomzwelo nezokuziphatha
• Amadivayisi Asizayo: Amathuluzi nobuchwepheshe bokusiza umuntu ukuthi azivumelanise nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo engokomzimba noma yokuqonda

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Thatha usizo lukadokotela wakho ngokushesha uma kusolwa ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zithambile. Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okululama ngempumelelo. Umuntu kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha uma kukhona:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, noma isikhashana nje
• Persistent bekhanda or isiyezi
• Ukudideka noma ukudideka
• Ubunzima bebhalansi noma ukusebenzisana
• Ukudabuka noma ukuhlanza
• Inkulumo emisiwe noma inkinga yokuqonda abanye
• Ukushintsha kwemizwa, ukuziphatha, noma ubuntu

Isiphetho

Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu kungase kube kubi kakhulu, kodwa ngokusekelwa okufanele, ukwelashwa, nokuzimisela, ukululama kungenzeka. Ngokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-TBI, ukuqaphela izimpawu, nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo zokuqala zokubuyisela impilo nokuzimela kwabo. Ngokusebenzisa indlela ephelele ebhekelela izici zomzimba, zengqondo, nezomzwelo zokulimala, labo abathintwe yi-TBI bangaba nezimpilo ezigculisayo futhi bavele benamandla kunangaphambili.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ingqondo ingaphola ngemva kokulimala?

Ubuchopho bunamandla emvelo okuphulukisa nokuvumelana nezimo, okwaziwa nge-neuroplasticity. Ngezinhlelo ezifanele zokwelashwa nezokuhlunyeleliswa, ubuchopho bungakwazi ukuhlela kabusha futhi bakhe izindlela ezintsha zemizwa ukuze kunxeshezelwe umonakalo odalwe ukulimala okudabukisayo. Izinga nejubane lokululama lizoncika ebunzimeni bokulimala, impilo yomuntu iyonke, kanye nohlelo oluthile lokwelashwa.

2. Ngingasheshisa kanjani ukululama kwami ​​ekulimaleni kwengqondo?

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokusekela kanye namandla okusheshisa inqubo yokululama ekulimaleni okubuhlungu kobuchopho:

• Ukwelashwa okuvamile komzimba, umsebenzi, nokuqonda ukusiza ukubuyisela amakhono nokujwayela imikhawulo.
• Gcina indlela yokuphila enempilo, dla ukudla njengoba kuphakanyiswe udokotela wakho, yenza imisebenzi evamile yomzimba, futhi ulale ngokwanele, ukuze usekele impilo yobuchopho bakho kanye nokuphulukiswa.
• Prakthiza izivivinyo zokulawula ingcindezi, njengokuqaphela noma ukuzindla, ukuze unciphise imithelela emibi yemizwa nengokwengqondo. ukucindezeleka.
• Bamba iqhaza emaqenjini okusekela noma ufune ukwelulekwa ukuze ubhekane nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ezingokomzwelo noma zokuziphatha ngenxa yokulimala