I-Trigeminal Neuralgia: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukwelashwa kanye Nemithi

Ingabe uke wabhekana nobuhlungu obubukhali futhi obungalindelekile obufana nenhlamvu ebusweni bakho obuzwakala njengokushaqeka kukagesi? Lobu buhlungu kungase kube ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal, obubangela ukungakhululeki okukhulu. I-neuralgia ye-Trigeminal yisifo esilimaza inzwa ye-trigeminal, ebangela ukuzwa kobuso. Kuthinta izinga lempilo yomuntu, okwenza izinto ezilula njengokudla noma ukukhuluma kubuhlungu.

Iyini i-Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Kuyisimo sobuhlungu obunzima bobuso obuthinta inzwa ye-trigeminal. Le nerve iqala eduze nangaphezulu kwendlebe bese ihlukana ibe amagatsha amathathu ibheke esweni, esihlathini, nasemhlathini. Lesi simo sivame ukukhulunywa ngaso njengenye yezinhlungu ezibuhlungu kakhulu ezaziwa esintwini, ezibangela ukungakhululeki okungazelelwe, okubukhali, nokunamandla okuzwakala njengokushaqeka kukagesi noma ukuzwa okugwazwayo kungazelelwe ebusweni.

I-Trigeminal neuralgia, noma i-tic douloureux (okusho ukuthi 'i-tic ebuhlungu'), ingaholela ezinkingeni ezifana kwesisindo, ukuhlukaniswa, kanye ukucindezeleka ngenxa yesimo sayo esingalindelekile nesinzima. 

Izinkinga ze-Trigeminal Neuralgia

Ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-Trigeminal bungaba nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, njenge:

• I-Vascular Compression: Lesi isizathu esivame kakhulu se-trigeminal neuralgia futhi kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi, ngokuvamile umthambo we-cerebellar ophakeme, ucindezela impande yenzwa ye-trigeminal eduze nendawo yokungena esiqwini sobuchopho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukugobhoza komthambo ophikisana nenzwa kungaguga igobolondo le-myelin elivikelayo, kushiye inzwa obala futhi izwela kakhulu.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis: Ibalelwa ku-2% kuya ku-4% wamacala ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwe-nucleus ye-nerve trigeminal. 
• Ezinye Izimbangela Ezingenzeka: Amathumba, ama-cysts, ukukhubazeka kwe-arteriovenous, noma ukulimala okuvela ekulimaleni kobuso noma izinqubo zamazinyo kungabangela i- trigeminal neuralgia.

Izimpawu ze-Trigeminal Neuralgia

• Ubuhlungu buwuphawu oluvame kakhulu futhi oluvelele lwe-trigeminal neuralgia. Kuzwakala njengokushaqeka kukagesi noma umuzwa wokugwaza. 
• Ukuhlaselwa kwezinhlungu ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuye kwamaminithi amabili futhi kungase kube kubi kakhulu, ngokuvamile kushiye abantu bengakwazi ukusebenza phakathi neziqephu. 
• Ubuhlungu ngokuvamile buthinta uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso, nakuba ezimweni ezingavamile, bungabandakanya izinhlangothi zombili, kodwa hhayi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ubuhlungu bobuso ngokuvamile buvela emazinyweni, emhlathini ongezansi, emhlathini ongenhla, noma esihlathini. Kancane kancane, ingase idlulele ebunzini noma esweni. 
• Ngemva kokudamba kobuhlungu obuyinhloko, abanye abantu baba nobuhlungu obuncane noma umuzwa ovuthayo. Kungase kube khona ukushaywa njalo, ubuhlungu, noma ukuzwa okushisayo phakathi kokuhlaselwa.
• Ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-Trigeminal bungalandela iphethini yeziqephu ezivamile ezihlala izinsuku, amasonto, noma izinyanga. Akuvamile, lobu buhlungu bungase bunyamalale ngokuphelele izinyanga ezimbalwa noma iminyaka, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukuxolelwa. 
• Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinzima zingabandakanya amakhulukhulu okuhlaselwa ngosuku ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokukhululeka.
• Imisebenzi ethile noma ukunyakaza kuvame ukuqala lezi ziqephu ezibuhlungu, ezifaka ukukhuluma, ukumomotheka, ukuhlafuna, ukuxubha amazinyo, ukugeza ubuso, ukushefa, ukugcoba izimonyo, noma ngisho nokuzwa umoya opholile.

Sifo

Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa, i-neurologist igxile ohlotsheni, indawo, kanye nezimbangela zobuhlungu. Ukuxilongwa kwe-neuralgia ye-trigeminal kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Odokotela ngokuvamile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezinzwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yimaphi amagatsha ezinzwa ze-trigeminal ezithintekayo. Udokotela angase athinte futhi ahlole izingxenye ezahlukene zobuso ukuze athole indawo eqondile yobuhlungu. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Reflex: Lokhu kuhlola kungasiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-neuralgia ye-trigeminal nezinye izimo ezingase zidale ubuhlungu bobuso.
• Ukufaniswa kwe-Magnetic Resonance (MRI): Ingadalula izimbangela ezingabangela ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal, njenge multiple sclerosis, izimila, noma ukucindezelwa kwe-vascular of the trigeminal nerve. 
• IQEMBU: Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangasebenzisa uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-MRI olubizwa nge-FIESTA sequencing. Le nqubo yokuthwebula i-high-resolution inikeza imibono enemininingwane yenzwa ye-trigeminal nemithambo yegazi ezungezile, isiza ukukhomba noma yikuphi ukucindezelwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Trigeminal Neuralgia

• Imithi: Umugqa wokuqala wokwelapha ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal ngokuvamile umuthi. Imithi ye-anticonvulsant inganikeza okungenani ukukhululeka okuyingxenye ebuhlungu be-trigeminal kuze kufike ku-80% kuya ku-90% weziguli. 
• Ukuhlinzwa: Kulabo abangaphenduli kahle emithini noma abathola imiphumela emibi ebalulekile, izinketho zokuhlinzwa ziyatholakala. 
  • I-Microvascular Decompression: Kubhekwa njengendlela yokuhlinzwa ephumelela kakhulu yokukhululeka kwe-neuralgia ye-trigeminal. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuhilela ukuhambisa noma ukukhipha imithambo yegazi ecindezela inzwa ye-trigeminal. Inezinga lempumelelo lesikhathi eside elicishe libe ngu-80% futhi linganikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu iminyaka eminingi.
  • Ezinye Izinqubo: I-stereotactic radiosurgery (i-Gamma Knife) kanye nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-percutaneous ezifana nemijovo ye-glycerol, i-radiofrequency lesioning, nokucindezelwa kwebhaluni kulimaza inzwa ye-trigeminal ukuze iphazamise izimpawu zobuhlungu.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

• Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obuvamile, obuqhubekayo obungaphenduli kumaphilisi ezinhlungu ajwayelekile, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi ubone udokotela wakho. 
• Ubuhlungu be-Trigeminal neuralgia bungaba nzima futhi abubekezeleleki, ngakho-ke ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukuze uthole impumuzo ye-trigeminal neuralgia.
• Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimaphi 'amafulegi abomvu' njengokushoda kwezinzwa noma zemoto, ukungezwa, i-optic neuritis, noma ubuhlungu bobuso obuhlangene namazwe amabili, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. 

Prevention

Nakuba ingekho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela ubuhlungu be-trigeminal neuralgia, ukulungiswa okuthile kwendlela yokuphila kungasiza ekulawuleni isimo futhi kunciphise imvamisa yokuqubuka. Lokhu kubandakanya:

• Lungisa Imisebenzi Yansuku zonke Engase Ibangele Ubuhlungu: Abantu abane- trigeminal neuralgia bangase badinge ukushintsha indlela abaxubha ngayo amazinyo, bagweme ukuchayeka ngokuqondile emoyeni obandayo, noma baguqule indlela abahlanganyela ngayo ezingxoxweni. Ukuthatha ikhefu phakathi nezingxoxo ezinde kungasiza ekuvimbeleni iziqephu zobuhlungu.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukufaka izivivinyo ezithambile eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ubuhlungu bobuso kungasiza ukukhulula imisipha yobuso futhi kunciphise ukungezwani okungase kube nomthelela ebuhlungwini. 
• Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka: Ukusungula isimiso esivamile, esingenakucindezeleka kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwengqondo lokho kungase kukhulise ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal.
• Ukudla: Ukudla kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesu lakho lokulawula i-trigeminal neuralgia. Ukugcina idayari yokudla kungakhomba izinto ezingase zibangele. Ukudla okuthambile, okulula ukukuhlafuna kunganciphisa ubunzima emihlathini nasemisipha yobuso, okungase kunciphise iziqephu zobuhlungu. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukugwema iziphuzo ezishisa kakhulu noma ezibandayo, njengoba amazinga okushisa eqisayo angase abangele ubuhlungu bezinzwa.

Isiphetho

Ubuhlungu be-Trigeminal neuralgia yisimo esiyinselele esingaba nomthelela omkhulu kukhwalithi yempilo yomuntu. Ubuhlungu bobuso obungazelelwe, obukhulu obububangelayo bungenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima futhi buholele ekucindezelekeni ngokomzwelo. Ukuqonda izimpawu, izimbangela, kanye nokwelashwa okutholakalayo kubalulekile ukuze ulawule lesi simo ngempumelelo. Ngokuxilongwa okufanele kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa oluhambisanayo, abantu abaningi bangathola ukukhululeka futhi bathuthukise inhlalakahle yabo iyonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i- trigeminal neuralgia ingelapheka?

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi eliqondile lobuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal, ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kungasiza ukuphatha lesi simo ngempumelelo. Izinketho zezokwelapha nezokuhlinzwa ziyatholakala ukuze kudambiswe ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi uma kulawulwa odokotela abangochwepheshe nodokotela abahlinzayo. Abantu abaningi abane-neuralgia ye-trigeminal bangaphatha ngempumelelo isimo sabo iminyaka eminingi ngemithi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-neuralgia ye-trigeminal ngokuvamile iyisimo sesikhathi eside, futhi izikhathi zokuxolelwa zingaba zifushane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

2. Ingabe i- trigeminal neuralgia ingunaphakade?

I-neuralgia ye-Trigeminal ngokuvamile iyisimo sesikhathi eside. Nakuba kungase kungabi unomphela ngomqondo oqinile, ngokuvamile kudinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Abantu abaningi baba nezikhathi zokuphumula, lapho ubuhlungu buphela khona izinyanga noma iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, lezi zikhawu ezingenabuhlungu zivame ukuba zifushane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, izimo eziningi zingalawulwa ngezinga elithile, okuvumela izinga lempilo elithuthukisiwe.

3. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili ye-neuralgia?

Isizathu esiyinhloko sobuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal ngokuvamile ukucindezelwa kwenzwa ye-trigeminal. Ezimweni ezingaba ngu-95%, lokhu kucindezela kwenzeka eduze nokuvuleka lapho inzwa ingena esiqwini sobuchopho. Imvamisa, umthambo noma umthambo ucindezela inzwa, ugqoke ungqimba lwawo olungaphandle oluyisivikelo (i-myelin sheath). Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni inzwa ibe yi-hypersensitive futhi ibangele izimpawu zobuhlungu. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-trigeminal neuralgia ingabangelwa izimo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis noma izimila ezithinta inzwa ye-trigeminal.

4 Uyiqinisekisa kanjani i-trigeminal neuralgia?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-neuralgia ye-trigeminal kuhilela indlela ebanzi. Odokotela ngokuvamile baqala ngomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Bazobuza mayelana nobuningi bobuhlungu bakho, ukuqina, nezibangeli. Njengoba kungekho sivivinyo esisodwa esiqondile se-trigeminal neuralgia, ukwazi uhlobo lobuhlungu kubalulekile ukuze uxilongwe. Odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging njenge-MRI scan ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimo futhi kungase kuhlonze ukucindezelwa komkhumbi wegazi ku-trigeminal nerve. Kwezinye izimo, amasu e-MRI athuthukisiwe angasiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo lapho umkhumbi wegazi ucindezela igatsha le-trigeminal nerve.

5. Iqala kanjani i- trigeminal neuralgia?

I-Trigeminal neuralgia ngokuvamile iqala ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwe-trigger ecacile. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuhlotshaniswe nokuhlukumezeka kobuso noma izinqubo zamazinyo. Ukuqala ngokuvamile kuhilela ubuhlungu obungalindelekile, obukhulu bobuso obuzwakala njengokushaqeka kukagesi. Lezi zinhlungu ngokuvamile zilethwa imisebenzi ehilela ukuthinta kancane ubuso, njengokugeza, ukudla, noma ukuxubha amazinyo. Umoya noma umoya omncane nakho kungase kuqalise isiqephu. Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, iziqephu zobuhlungu zingase zibe kaningi futhi zibe namandla.

6. Ingabe i- trigeminal neuralgia imbi kakhulu ebusuku?

Nakuba ubuhlungu be-neuralgia ye-trigeminal bungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, abubi kakhulu ebusuku. Ubuhlungu buvame ukuchazwa njengokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvuka, hhayi lapho umuntu elele. Kodwa-ke, isimo esingalindelekile sobuhlungu singathinta kakhulu izinga lokulala kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila jikelele. Ukwesaba ubuhlungu kungase kuholele ekukhathazekeni ngokulala, kodwa isimo ngokwaso asibi nakakhulu phakathi namahora obusuku.