Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza I-Immunotherapy Engayelapha

I-Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha yokwelapha yokulawula umdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba. Ku immunotherapy, odokotela basebenzisa imithi ehlukene njengama-checkpoint inhibitors kanye ne-CAR T-cell therapy. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-Immunotherapy kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi imithi enikezwayo ingasiza ekukhiqizeni amangqamuzana ukulwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nokukhomba amangqamuzana omzimba ajwayelekile. Ukwelashwa okubandakanya amasosha omzimba ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.

Amasosha omzimba Womzimba wethu

Amasosha omzimba wethu aqukethe amasosha omzimba ahlukene, izitho zomzimba namaseli omzimba. Konke lokhu kusebenza ngokubambisana ukulwa nama-agent akhiqiza umdlavuza. Amasosha omzimba ahlanganisa amaseli alandelayo:

• Ama-B-cell Lymphocyte: Lawa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi futhi asiza ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ukulwa nezifo
• Ama-T-Cell Lymphocyte: Lawa futhi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi asiza ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana angafuneki emzimbeni futhi asize amangqamuzana anempilo ukuba abone ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana anesifo.
• Ama-granulocyte: Ama-granulocyte ahlanganisa amangqamuzana ahlukahlukene afana nama-basophils, ama-neutrophils, nama-eosinophil asiza ukulwa nokutheleleka kwamagciwane.
• Amaseli e-Dendritic: Lawa maseli asebenza nama-T-cell ukuze asekele ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba.

Ukusebenza kwe-Immunotherapy Yokwelapha Umdlavuza

Amaseli omzimba akhiqiza ama-protein cells asebenza kwamanye amaseli emzimbeni. Ngesikhathi se-immunotherapy, imithi enikeziwe ikhiqiza inqwaba yamangqamuzana amaprotheni emzimbeni ukuze aqinise amasosha omzimba ngokukhiqiza amaseli amaningi ukulwa namaseli akhiqiza umdlavuza emzimbeni.

I-Immunotherapy futhi yenza kube lula ukuthi amasosha omzimba abone amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni futhi asebenze kuwo.

Izinhlobo Zomdlavuza Ezilashwa Nge-Immunotherapy

I-Immunotherapy ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza njenge:

• Umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho
• umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza wezinso
• Umdlavuza we-Lung
• Umdlavuza wesibindi
• Umdlavuza we-prostate
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Immunotherapy

Abahlinzeki bezempilo basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-immunotherapy ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza:

Imithi Yokugoma Umdlavuza: Manje, imithi yokugoma iyatholakala yokwelapha umdlavuza. Odokotela basebenzisa imithi yokugoma ukuvuselela ukusabela komzimba nokuvikela umzimba ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezifo. Isibonelo, umgomo we-HPV uyatholakala ukuze uvikele umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kwabesifazane. Ngokufanayo, imithi yokugoma iyatholakala futhi yokwelapha umdlavuza wendlala yesinye emadodeni. Umdlavuza wesibindi ungavinjelwa ngokusebenzisa umuthi wokugomela i-hepatitis B okwakuwumgomo wokuqala owatholwa wokuvikela umdlavuza wesibindi.

I-Adoptive Cell Therapy: Kulolu hlobo lokwelapha, odokotela bakhipha amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba futhi bawashintshe noma bawaguqule. Amaseli ashintshiwe asiza ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni.

Ama-Immunomodulators: Ama-Immunomodulators anikezwa ukuthuthukisa amandla amasosha omzimba okubona nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni. Lezi zihlanganisa izinto ezifana nama-interferon, ama-checkpoint inhibitors, ama-cytokines, nama-interleukin. Isibonelo, umdlavuza wesikhumba ungelashwa kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lwe-immunotherapy. Ososayensi baye baqaphela ama-checkpoint inhibitors amaningi asebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesikhumba.

I-Immunotherapy inikezwa umuntu ngokufakwa emthanjeni emnyangweni weziguli ezilaliswayo. Udokotela angakunikeza i-immunotherapy nsuku zonke, kanye ngesonto, noma kanye ngenyanga. Isiguli siyelulekwa ukuthi siphumule ngemva kwe-immunotherapy ukuze umzimba ululame futhi ukhiqize amangqamuzana anempilo. Isikhathi se-immunotherapy siyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngokuthi uhlobo kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Kuphinde kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-immunotherapy olukhethwe udokotela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwakho kanye nokusabela komzimba wakho ekwelashweni.

Izingozi Ezihambisana Ne-Immunotherapy

Abantu bangase babe nemiphumela engemihle ngemva kokuthatha i-immunotherapy. Imiphumela emibi incike ohlotsheni lomuthi nomdlavuza. Imiphumela emibi evamile ye-immunotherapy ihlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu emisipha nasemathanjeni
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ezifana nesifo sohudo
• Ukungabi namandla
• Umkhuhlane, ukugodola, nekhanda elibuhlungu
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukuqubuka esikhumbeni
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Kufanele uthintane nodokotela wakho uma uba nobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqubuka ngokweqile esikhumbeni, ubuhlungu besifuba, isifo sohudo, ukuguquka kwempilo yengqondo, nokushisa okukhulu nokugodola.

Iwusizo kangakanani i-immunotherapy ekwelapheni umdlavuza?

Ukuphumelela kwe-immunotherapy noma okunye ukwelashwa komdlavuza kuncike ezintweni ezahlukene ezifana nesiteji kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza. Kodwa, i-immunotherapy itholakala iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo yezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy ingaveza imiphumela efiselekayo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.

Isiphetho

I-Immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha ewusizo kubantu abaningi abaphethwe yiyo izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Ukwelapha kusebenza ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Kulolu hlobo lokwelapha, amasosha omzimba womuntu ahilelekile. 

Odokotela basebenzisa imishanguzo eyahlukene ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ukulwa namangqamuzana omdlavuza emzimbeni. Udokotela angase aqale i-immunotherapy njengendlela yokwelapha yedwa noma angase ayihlanganise nezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe nge-immunotherapy ngaphambi kokukunikeza ukwelashwa.