I-Viral Hepatitis: Izinhlobo, Izimpawu Nokuvimbela

Isibindi siyisitho esiqinile esikhulu somzimba womuntu. Lenza inqwaba yemisebenzi esekela ukuphila. I-Hepatitis ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okwenzeka ngemuva kwanoma yikuphi ukulimala. Amangqamuzana esibindi alimele (ama-hepatocyte) akhiqiza isimo sokuvuvukala esidala ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (i-Hepatitis A, B, C, D & E). Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-hepatitis eNdiya. I-Hepatitis ingabangelwa izimo ezizimele, ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala, izidakamizwa ezithile, imithi kanye nobuthi.

Izinhlobo ze-Viral Hepatitis

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ze-viral hepatitis:

I-Hepatitis A & E (HAV & HEV): 

Sithola lezi zifo ngokudluliselwa kwe-feco-oral. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho umuntu ophile kahle edla iziphuzo noma ukudla okunegciwane. Igciwane lifinyelela kule mithombo lapho umuntu onaleli gciwane ephatha ukudla noma amanzi ngezandla ezingcolile. Ukugezwa okungafanele kwezithelo nemifino, ukuphuza amanzi angcolile nokuphatha ukudla ngezandla ezingcoliswe indle yizona zimbangela ezivamile zokutheleleka nge-Hepatitis A no-E.

I-Hepatitis B, C & D (HBV, HCV & HDV):

Ukudluliselwa kwalawa magciwane kwenzeka lapho sichayeka oketshezini lomzimba womuntu onaleli gciwane. Uketshezi olujwayelekile igazi noma imikhiqizo yegazi, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kanye nesidoda. Ukumpontshelwa igazi ngegazi elinegciwane elingakahlolwa kwakuvame ukuba yimbangela evamile yokudluliselwa kwezifo. Ukwabelana ngezinaliti zokubhoboza umzimba, ukudweba imifanekiso emzimbeni kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-IV nakho kuyimbangela evamile yokudluliselwa kwalawa magciwane. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-blade ajwayelekile lapho kushefa kuvamile ezindaweni ezithile zasemaphandleni. Izindlela ezingavikelekile nezingaphephile zokuthintana nocansi nazo ziyindlela evamile yokudlulisela izifo.

Izimpawu

Iziguli eziningi ezine-hepatitis zinezimpawu ezithambile kuphela. Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli zingase zenze iphutha izimpawu zomkhuhlane omncane noma i-GI upset. Nakuba ezimweni eziningi izimpawu ze-hepatitis zizofaka okulandelayo:

• Ukuzwa ukukhathala okungajwayelekile ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu 24/7

• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene nobomzimba

• Ukuba nokuzizwa ugula

• Ukulahleka kwesifiso

• Ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu

• Umchamo onombala omnyama

• Ukuzizwa ungaphilile ngokuvamile, ungaqondi ukuthi yini engalungile ngomzimba

• Isikhumba sizwakala siluma ngaso sonke isikhathi

• Ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-Jaundice)

• Ubuhlungu esiswini

• U-Poo unombala ophaphathekile noma ompunga

Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zivame ukuxazululeka ngokuphumula, ukudla okuhle kanye ne-hydration. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ubona izimpawu ziba zimbi nakakhulu.

I-Hepatitis ibhekwa njengeyingozi uma lesi sifo sihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 futhi singamahlalakhona uma sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisi-6. I-Hepatitis A no-E ivamise ukubangela isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo esiyingozi esiphela ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka-90%. Kuyaqabukela ukuthi isifo sokusha kwesibindi sokuqina kwesibindi sibe sibi kakhulu okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi okubizwa ngokuthi Ukuhluleka kwesibindi esiphelele. Lesi simo sidinga ukuthi isiguli siphathwe esibhedlela ngemithi. Akuvamile ukuthi ukwehluleka kwesibindi okunamandla kungase kungaphenduli emithini futhi kungase kudingeke ukufakelwa isibindi. 

Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo esingapheli singase singabonisi izimpawu ezisobala kuze kube yilapho sekwephuze kakhulu. Ukulimala isikhathi eside esibindi kungabangela isifo sesibindi esingapheli kanye ne-cirrhosis yesibindi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyasiqondisa ekuhloleni imbangela yesifo futhi kusisize ekuqapheni ukwelashwa. I-Hepatitis B no-C ibangela isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo esingalapheki uma singelashwa.

Ukuvimbela Nokwelapha I-Hepatitis

Lesi sifo siyagwemeka, futhi abantu abaningi abathintekile bayalulama kuso. Noma kunjalo, isabhekwa njengengozi enkulu yezempilo ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ingasakazeka kalula isuka kumuntu iye komunye.

• Idala ukulimala kwamangqamuzana esibindi

• Ibhubhisa izicubu zesibindi

• Kwenza buthaka futhi kucekele phansi amasosha omzimba womuntu onaleli gciwane

• Kungabangela umdlavuza wesibindi

• Kubangela ukufa ezimweni ezimbalwa

Lezi izindlela ezingakusiza ekuvimbeleni i-hepatitis:

• Gcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Sebenzisa insipho enhle futhi ugeze izandla zakho njalo ngenkathi uphatha ukudla.

• Gwema ukuphuza amanzi angcolile

• Thola imithi yokugomela iHepatitis A no-B etholakalayo

• Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho uzidweba noma ugwazwa

• Landela imikhuba yocansi ephephile nevikelekile

I-Hepatitis ingatholakala ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kuyasiza ukuqaphela izimbangela ezingase zibe khona futhi uzigweme ngangokunokwenzeka. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyinto evamile, ukuvimbela kuhlale kungcono kunokwelapha njengoba kuphephisa ubuhlungu bokubhekana nesifo kanye nezimpawu zaso. Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Nakuba imithi yokugoma itholakala kuphela kumagciwane e-Hepatitis A kanye no-B, kungcono ukuthi uzithole ugoma. Imithi yomlomo iyatholakala ezifweni ze-Hepatitis B no-C. Ukusebenza kwale mithi elwa namagciwane kungaphezu kwama-90%. Ukuthobelana nemithi kungavimbela noma yikuphi ukulimala kwesibindi kwesikhathi eside kulawa magciwane.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokulungile kwesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo e-Hyderabad, i-hepatitis eminingi izoxazulula futhi izinkinga ezinkulu zingagwenywa. Landela iseluleko sakho udokotela onguchwepheshe we-hepatitis futhi ube ngaphansi kokulandelelwa njalo uma kudingeka. Ukuqapha kuzosiza njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho impilo ithinteka khona.