Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin A: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa Nokwelashwa

I-Vitamin A, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'isakhi esinamandla,' ibalulekile ekusekeleni impilo jikelele kanye nokuphila kahle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni okuhle, okuqinile izivikeli mzimba, isikhumba esinempilo, nezinye izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, leli vithamini elibalulekile liyantuleka enanini elikhulu labantu emhlabeni wonke. Uma umzimba ungakutholi okwanele kwale mineral ukuze usebenze kahle, uba nokuntuleka kukavithamini A. Ubumpumputhe kanye nokungaboni kahle kungabangelwa ukuntula uvithamini A. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kubangele izinkinga ngesimiso sokuzivikela somuntu, izicubu, isikhumba, inhliziyo namaphaphu.

Kuyini Ukuntula I-Vitamin A?

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin A wukuphazamiseka kokudla okunomsoco okuphawulwa amazinga angenele kavithamini A emzimbeni. Le vithamini ebalulekile encibilika emafutheni iyadingeka emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezinto eziphilayo, ngokuyinhloko ehlobene nokubona, ukukhula, nokusekelwa kwamasosha omzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zikavithamini A: uvithamini A owenziwe ngaphambili noma i-retinol kanye ne-provitamin A carotenoids, umzimba ongayiguqula ibe uvithamini A osebenzayo. 

Izinhlanzi, amaqanda, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, kanye nemikhiqizo yenkukhu ngokwemvelo iphezulu ngovithamini A owakhiwe kusengaphambili. Ama-carotenoid ama-pigment asekelwe ezitshalweni anikeza imifino nezithelo imibala yako ephuzi, owolintshi, nobomvu. Izinsana, izingane, omama abahlengikazi, nabesifazane abakhulelwe yibona abasengozini enkulu yokuntuleka. Ingozi yokuntuleka kwayo ingase ikhuliswe yi-cystic fibrosis kanye nesifo sohudo esiqhubekayo.

Ukuntuleka Kwevithamini A Kuthinta Ubani?

Abantu bayo yonke iminyaka yobudala bangase bahlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka kukavithamini A, nakuba amanye amaqembu ezibalo zabantu, ikakhulukazi lawo asemazweni angathuthukile, asengozini enkulu yokubhekana nakho kunabanye. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, izingane ezincane, nomama abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo baphakathi kwamaqembu achayeka kakhulu. Ukwehluka kwezinhlobo zokudla okungekuhle, ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe ekudleni okunomsoco, kanye nezimo zenhlalo-mnotho kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwevithamini A okwanele. Kulezi zifunda, ukushoda kukavithamini A kuyinkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi futhi kunomthelela emazingeni aphezulu okufa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane. Kuphinde kuthinte labo abanezimo eziphazamisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca amavithamini, njenge isibindi izifo.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zokuntula I-Vitamin A

Ukuqaphela izimpawu zokushoda kwevithamini A kubalulekile ekungeneleleni kusenesikhathi. Izimpawu zokuntuleka kwevithamini A zingahlukahluka ngobukhulu futhi zingabandakanya:

• Ubumpumputhe ebusuku: Ukungaboni kahle ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi (uphawu oluvamile oluvamile)
• I-Xerophthalmia: Ukoma, ukucasuka, kanye nokwanda kokungenwa yizifo emehlweni.
• I-Bitot's Spots: Ukwakheka kwamabala amhlophe amancane, anegwebu ku-conjunctiva, ngokuvamile abonakala kubantu abanokuntuleka kwe-vitamin A.
• Ukwanda Kwezifo Ezithathelwanayo: Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin A kwenza amasosha omzimba abe buthakathaka, okwenza abantu bathambekele kakhulu ezifweni, njengezifo zokuphefumula.
• Isikhumba esomile, esimaholoholo kanye nengozi enkulu yezinduna nezinye izifo zesikhumba 
• Ukukhula kubambezeleke nokukhula kwezingane
• I-Keratomalacia: Isimo samehlo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukuthamba nokubhujiswa kwe-cornea, okuholela ekuphuphuthekeni (kwenzeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokuntuleka kukavithamini A)
• Ukungazali kwezinye izimo
• Ukuphola kwenxeba okubambezelekile kulandela ukuhlukumezeka noma ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uvithamini A ukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen, edingekayo esikhumbeni esinempilo.

Izimbangela Zokuntuleka Kwe-Vitamin A

Izimbangela zokuntuleka kwe-vitamin A zihlanganisa:

• Ukungadli ukudla okunothe ngovithamini A, okufana nemifino eluhlaza, izaqathe, ubhatata, amaqanda nesibindi, kungaholela ekuntulekeni.
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, njengesifo se-celiac nesifo sika-Crohn, zingavimbela ukumuncwa kwe-vitamin A ekudleni.
• Ukuphuza utshwala okungamahlalakhona kungakhinyabeza ikhono lomzimba lokugcina nokusebenzisa uvithamini A ngempumelelo.
• Izinsana nabesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancancisayo banezidingo eziphakeme zikavithamini A, okubenza babe sengozini yokuntula.
• Ezinye izifo, njengesimungumungwane, zingaqeda izitolo zikavithamini A futhi zandise ukuntula kwakhe.
• Njengoba uvithamini A encibilika emafutheni, ukudla okunamafutha amancane kakhulu kungaphazamisa ukumuncwa kwawo.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zokushoda kwe-Vitamin A

Ukuhlonza ukuntula uvithamini A ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Odokotela bangenza lezi zinqubo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa Komtholampilo: Umhlinzeki wezempilo angase abuze ngezimpawu, imikhuba yokudla, kanye nomlando wezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakala amazinga kavithamini A egazini, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlolwa kokuhlushwa kwe-retinol noma i-retinol-binding protein (RBP).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Conjunctival: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kungase kwembule izimpawu ezithile zokuntuleka kukavithamini A, njengamabala ka-Bitot noma i-xerophthalmia.
• I-Electroretinography: Udokotela uzosebenzisa ukukhanya ukuze ahlole ukusebenza kwe-photoreceptor ye-retina ezigulini ezinenkinga yokungaboni ebusuku.

Ukwelapha Ukuntula I-Vitamin A

Uma sekutholakele ukuthi ukushoda kukavithamini A kuyelapheka futhi kuyalawuleka. Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Izithako ze-Vitamin A: Izinsuku ezimbalwa, udokotela uzonikeza imithamo ephezulu yesithasiselo sikavithamini A ukuze abhekane nokuntuleka kukavithamini A. Bazobe sebebeka imithamo emincane kavithamini A kuze kube isikhumba futhi izinkinga zombono ngcono.
• Izinguquko Zokudla: Ukwandisa ukudla okunothe ngovithamini A, okufana nemifino eluhlaza, ubhatata, izaqathi, amaqanda nesibindi.
• Ukubhekana nezinkinga ezikhona: Ezimweni lapho izimo zempilo ezingaphansi zinomthelela ekuntulekeni kukavithamini A, ukwelashwa kungase kuhlanganise ukubhekana nalezo zimo.

Ngingakugwema Kanjani Ukuntula I-Vitamin A?

Ukuvimbela ukuntula uvithamini A ngokuyinhloko kuhilela ukulondoloza ukudla okunomsoco futhi okuhlukahlukene. 

• Faka izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo nemifino ekudleni kwakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi udla amavithamini namaminerali ahlukahlukene. 
• Faka phakathi ukudla okufana nesipinashi, ubhatata, izaqathi, nokusanhlamvu okuqinisiwe ekudleni kwakho. 
• Omama abakhulelwe nabancelisa ibele kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bayahlangabezana nezidingo zabo ezikhulayo zikavithamini A. 
• Ubisi lwebele luwumthombo omuhle kakhulu kavithamini A, okwenza ukuncelisa ibele kube umkhuba obalulekile empilweni yezingane. 
• Uma othile enezimo zezokwelapha ezithinta ukumuncwa kwezakhi, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze uzilawule ngempumelelo. 
• Ukushoda kukavithamini A kungelashwa ngezithako ezijovwayo nezithathwa ngomlomo. 
• Uma izithasiselo zikavithamini A ziyinketho ekhethwayo, zisebenzise kuphela ngemva kokukhuluma nodokotela ngoba imithamo engafanele ingaba yingozi.

Yikuphi Ukudla Okuqukethe Uvithamini A?

Ukuze uthuthukise ukudla kwakho kwe-vitamin A, cabanga ukwengeza lokhu kudla okunomsoco ekudleni kwakho: 

• Ubhatata: Ukuphakelwa okukodwa kunikeza uvithamini A izikhathi eziningana ngosuku. 
• Izaqathi: Le mifino esawolintshi yaziwa kakhulu ngokuba ne-vitamin A ephezulu. 
• Isipinashi: Imifino enamahlamvu njengesipinashi inothile ngamavithamini namaminerali, okuhlanganisa uvithamini A. 
• Isibindi: Inyama yezitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi isibindi, inovithamini A kakhulu. 
• Amaqanda: Izikhupha zamaqanda ziqukethe uvithamini A, phakathi kwezinye izakhi ezibalulekile. 
• Umango: Lesi sithelo sasezindaweni ezishisayo siwumthombo omnandi we-provitamin A carotenoids. 
• I-Papayas: Njengomango, ama-papaya acebile nge-carotenoid kanye novithamini A. 
• I-Red Bell Peppers: Le mifino enempilo igcwele uvithamini A. 
• Ukudla Okuqinisiwe: Okusanhlamvu okuningi, ubisi, nezinye izindlela zobisi ziqiniswa ngovithamini A ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukondleka kwakho.

Isiphetho

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin A kuwukukhathazeka kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zezempilo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini. Ngokubeka kuqala ukudla okulinganiselayo okucebile ngovithamini A kanye nokuthatha izithasiselo, singanciphisa ukusabalala kokuntuleka kukavithamini A futhi sithuthukise inhlalakahle yonke. Abantu abanokukhathazeka okuyisisekelo kwezokwelapha kufanele babone udokotela wabo njalo ngoba bangase babe sengcupheni yokushoda okuhlukile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngezinketho zokudla, ukwesekwa, noma izinhlelo zokuqinisa, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubhekana nale nselele yokudla okunomsoco.

UDkt. Mohd Hashim
I-Consultant Internal Medicine, izibhedlela ze-CARE