I-Whooping Cough: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Ukuxilongwa, Ukuvimbela kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Whooping cough, noma i-Pertussis, isifo esithathelwanayo samagciwane esithinta kakhulu uhlelo lokuphefumula. Ibonakala ngokukhwehlela okunzima, okuvame ukuhambisana nomsindo othi "whooping" ohlukile ngesikhathi sokuhogela. Ngenkathi ukukhwehlela kwaba yinto evamile futhi okungenzeka isifo sobuntwana esibulalayo, ukugonywa okusabalele kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwayo. Noma kunjalo, isalokhu ikhathaza, ikakhulukazi ezinsaneni kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba asengozini. Nakuba ukufa okuhlobene nokukhwehlela kungajwayelekile, kuthinta kakhulu izingane ezincane. Yingakho ukugonywa kwesifo sokukhwehlela kubalulekile komama abakhulelwe kanye nabanye abantu abazobe beseduze nengane.

Izimpawu Zokukhwehlela

Izimpawu zokukhwehlela zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemuva kokuchayeka kubhaktheriya elikubangelayo. Kungase kuthathe amasonto amathathu ukuthi izimpawu zibonakale. Nazi izigaba zokukhwehlela:

Isiteji 1 - Isiteji seCatarrhal

Isifo sokukhwehlela ngokuvamile silandela iphethini enezigaba ezintathu. Esigabeni sokuqala, esaziwa ngokuthi yi-catarrhal stage, izimpawu zifana nalezo zomkhuhlane ojwayelekile. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganisa:

• Ikhala eligijima noma ukunyanyiswa kwamanzi
• Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukukhwehlela okuncane
• Ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa nezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, i-cyanosis (ukuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma nsomi) kanye ne-apnea (izitobhi zokuphefumula ezingase zibulale)

Isigaba se-catarrha sihlala isonto elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Ukhwehlela olukhwehlelayo lubukeka lungaphezudlwana komkhuhlane ojwayelekile ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Ngenxa yalokhu, odokotela ngokuvamile bayehluleka ukukubona noma ukukuxilonga kuze kube yilapho isimo sibonakala sinzima kakhulu.

Isigaba 2 - Isiteji seParoxysmal

Isigaba sesibili sokukhwehlela sibizwa ngokuthi yi-paroxysmal. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukukhwehlela kuba nzima kakhulu futhi kuvame. Lezi ukukhwehlela kuyalingana ingaba nzima kangangokuthi ingaholela ekuhlanzeni, ekuphelelweni amandla, kanye nomsindo othi "whooping" lapho umuntu ehefuzela umoya phakathi nokukhwehlela. Ukukhwehlela kwe-whooping kungaholela kulokhu okulandelayo: 

• Uma sebekwazi ukuphefumula futhi ngemva kwesiqephu sokukhwehlela, bazokwenza umsindo ophakeme othi "whoop".
• Hlanza phakathi neziqephu zokukhwehlela noma ezilandelayo.
• Kubonakala kulungile phakathi kokulingana, kodwa uzizwa ukhathele ngempela ngemva kokulingana.
• Ukuphefumula kanzima

Nakuba zingaqhubeka amasonto angu-10, lezi zikhathi zokukhwehlela ngokuvamile zihlala isonto elilodwa kuya kwayisithupha. 

Isigaba 3 - Isiteji Sokululekwa

Lesi sigaba senzeka ngemuva kwesigaba se-paroxysmal. Kungase kuthathe isikhashana ukululama ekukhwehleleni. Kulesi sigaba, ukukhwehlela kancane kancane kuncipha ngobunzima kanye nemvamisa, kodwa kungaqhubeka amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga. Umuntu angase aqhubeke nokuba nezimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside, njengokukhwehlela nokukhathala. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukukhwehlela kungase kudambe, kodwa kungase kubuye uma kwenzeka esinye isimo sokuphefumula. Ezinyangeni eziningi ngemva kokubonakala kokutheleleka komkhuhlane we-whooping, iziqephu zokukhwehlela zingase ziphinde zivele.

Izimbangela Zokukhwehlela

Imodi eyinhloko yokudlulisela isikhwehlela ukuxhumana nomuntu nomuntu. Amagciwane angangena kalula kubantu abangagonyiwe noma abangenawo amasosha omzimba.

Isici esibalulekile ekuqalekeni kabusha kwesifo se-whooping ukungabaza ngomgomo. Nakuba imigomo, njengomgomo we-DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, kanye ne-acellular Pertussis), iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo, abanye abantu noma abazali bangase bakhethe ukungazigomi izingane zabo ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana ukuphepha komuthi wokugoma noma imininingwane engamanga. Kwezinye izimo, abantu bangase bangalutholi uchungechunge oluphelele lwemigomo enconyiwe ye-pertussis, okubashiya engcupheni yokuthola nokusabalalisa lesi sifo. 

Izinsana, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, zisengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga ezinzima zokukhwehlela. Imvamisa besebancane kakhulu ukuthi bangaqeda uchungechunge lwabo lokugoma oluphelele, okubenza bathembele ekugomeni umhlambi ukuze bazivikele.

Ukuxilonga Ukukhwehlela

Ukuhlonza ukukhwehlela kuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye ukuvivinywa kwama-laboratory. Odokotela bazocabangela lokhu okulandelayo lapho benza ukuxilongwa:

• Izimpawu Zomtholampilo - Izimpawu zesici zokukhwehlela, njengokukhwehlela kanzima kanye nomsindo othi "whooping", kubonisa lesi sifo. Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzobuza mayelana nobude besikhathi nokuqhubeka kwezimpawu.
• Umlando Wezokwelapha - Ulwazi mayelana nomlando wokugoma kanye nokuchayeka okungaba khona kubantu abane-pertussis kubalulekile ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa okunembile.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwaselabhorethri- Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa, udokotela angase a-ode ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) noma isiko lebhaktheriya ku-swab yomphimbo.  
• I-X-ray yesifuba - Lapho ukukhwehlela kuba kubi kakhulu, udokotela angase anqume uku-oda i-X-ray ukuze abheke izimpawu zoketshezi noma ukuvuvukala emaphashini.

Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kwezimpawu zokukhwehlela kubalulekile, njengoba ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi nezindlela zokuzihlukanisa zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kwabanye, ikakhulukazi abantu abasengcupheni njengezinsana.

Ukwelapha Ukukhwehlela

Ukukhwehlela kuyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane; ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokukhwehlela ezinsaneni ngokuvamile kuhilela ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Isikhathi esiningi, ukwelashwa kwezingane ezindala kanye nabantu abadala kungenziwa ekhaya. Nazi izingxenye ezibalulekile zekhambi lokukhwehlela kubantu abadala:

• Nemithi Elwa Namagciwane: Nemithi Elwa Namagciwane zivame ukunikezwa abantu abanokukhwehlela. Le mithi isiza ekunciphiseni ukuqina kanye nesikhathi sokugula lapho isetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo.
• Ukuhlukaniswa: Abantu abanaleli gciwane kufanele bahlukaniswe nabanye, ikakhulukazi izinsana nabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo.  
• Ukuzinakekela: Kuwo wonke umuntu olashelwa ukukhwehlela ekhaya, iseluleko esilandelayo sokulawula ukukhwehlela siyasebenza:
  • Qiniseka ukuthi isiguli sithola isilinganiso esanele sokuphumula. 
  • Yidla uketshezi oluningi. 
  • Ukuze uvimbele isicanucanu, yidla ukudla okuncane.
  • Vala ukukhwehlela kwakho, futhi ngokuvamile ugeze izandla zakho.

Izinkinga Zokukhwehlela

Intsha kanye nabantu abadala ngokuvamile bayalulama ekukhwehleleni ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kodwa-ke, lapho kuphakama izinkinga, ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukukhwehlela okukhulu futhi zingabandakanya:

• Izimbambo eziphukile noma eziphukile
• I-hernia yesisu
• Imithambo yegazi ephukile esikhumbeni noma kumhlophe emehlweni

Ezinganeni—ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6—izinkinga zokukhwehlela zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zingahlanganisa:

• I-pneumonia
• Ukuphefumula okunensayo noma okumisiwe
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukuncipha ngenxa yobunzima bokudla
• ukuquleka
• Umonakalo wobunjongo

Ngenxa yokuthi izinsana nojahidada basengozini enkulu yalezi zinkinga, ngokuvamile badinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Lezi zinkinga zingabeka ukuphila kwezingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-6 engozini.

Ukuvimbela Ukukhwehlela

• Ukugoma kuyindlela ethembeke kakhulu yokuvimbela ukukhwehlela. Izingane zithola umgomo we-DTaP, ohlinzeka ngokuzivikela ngokumelene ne-diphtheria, i-tetanus, ne-pertussis. Intsha kanye nabantu abadala kufanele bathole umuthi wokugomela okhuthazayo obizwa nge-DTaP.
• Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathole umgomo we-Tdap phakathi nokukhulelwa ngakunye, okungcono kakhulu phakathi kwamaviki angama-27 nangama-36 okukhulelwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa phakathi nezinyanga zazo ezimbalwa zokuqala zokuphila.
• Ukunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwamagciwane kungafinyelelwa ngokuzijwayeza inhlanzeko yokuphefumula enhle kakhulu, njengokuvala umlomo nekhala lapho uthimula noma ukhwehlela.
• Abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane kufanele babekwe bodwa futhi bahlaliswe bodwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka.  
• Ukugeza izandla njalo ngensipho namanzi kungasiza ekwehliseni ingozi yokutheleleka.

Ngesikhathi sokubona udokotela

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside kuholela wena noma ingane yakho ku:

• ebuhlanzweni
• Phenduka ube bomvu noma ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
• Kubonakala sengathi unokuphefumula kanzima noma unomuzwa wokuphumula obonakalayo ekuphefumuleni
• Adonse umoya ngokukhala.

Isiphetho

I-Whooping cough isifo esithathelwanayo esingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nalabo abanenkinga yokuphefumula. amasosha omzimba. Nakuba umgomo wokugomela i-pertussis unciphise kakhulu ukusabalala kwalesi sifo, ukungabaza komgomo kanye nokuncipha kokuzivikela komzimba kuyaqhubeka nokuba nezinselele. Ukuvimbela kusemqoka ekulweni nokukhwehlela. 

Lapho ubhekene nesifo esinjengokukhwehlela, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha oluchwepheshile futhi ulandele amashejuli okugoma anconyiwe ukuze uzivikele wena nobathandayo kulesi sifo esinamandla sokuphefumula.