Ukuhlolwa kwe-antinuclear antibody, okuvamise ukufushaniswa kube yi-ANA, kuhlaziya isampula yegazi ukuze kubheke amasosha omzimba athile abizwa ngokuthi amasosha omzimba angama-antinuclear. Ukuchaza kafushane, i- izivikeli mzimba ikhiqiza amasosha omzimba avikela izifo. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, la masosha omzimba ayadideka futhi aqondiswe kabi futhi angaqala ukukhomba izicubu nezitho zomzimba ezivamile esikhundleni sokuzivikela kumagciwane angaphandle abangela izifo noma izinto zangaphandle. Lezi zinhlobo zamasosha omzimba ahlaselayo anephutha zibizwa ngokuthi ama-autoantibodies.

Ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-ANA kuyakwazi ukubona izinhlobonhlobo zalawa ma-autoantibodies akwazi ukubona izingxenye ezikhona ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sokulawula samaseli omzimba njengezingaphandle. Lesi sikhungo somyalo esaziwa nge-nucleus siphethe i-DNA yeseli noma izakhi zofuzo futhi silawula imisebenzi ebalulekile yamaseli. Uma amazinga okuhlolwa kwe-ANA ephakeme kakhulu, kungabangela abalindi bomzimba ukuba bahlasele izitho nezicubu zabo, okuholela ekuzilimazeni kanye nezifo ezizimele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukuhlola Ukuhlolwa Kwe-ANA Ngokuqhubekayo

Ifomu eliphelele le-ANA liyi-antinuclear antibody. Uphenyo lwegazi olusetshenziselwa ukubheka amasosha omzimba alwa nenuzi noma ama-ANA. Ukwenza lula - Ama-ANA ayikilasi lamasosha omzimba akhiqizwa umshini womuntu siqu wokuzivikela komzimba. Esikhundleni sokuqapha izicubu zomzimba kuma-microorganisms angaphandle adala izifo njengoba kufanele amasosha omzimba ngokuvamile kufanele, lawa ma-ANA enza iphutha ezingxenyeni ezivamile zomzimba wangaphakathi njengezingaphandle futhi aqondise kuzo.

Ngokukhethekile, ama-ANA angahlasela izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kwe-nucleus yamaseli aqukethe i-DNA yeselula. I-nucleus iyisikhungo sokulawula sengqamuzana ngalinye, enquma ukuthi ingqamuzana lisebenza kanjani. Uma amazinga e-ANA ekhuphuka kakhulu, angakwazi ukwenza izivikeli mzimba zisebenze ukuze ziqale ukuhlasela amaseli awo kanye nezicubu. Lokhu kuhlasela ngokwakho kancane kancane kugcina kudala ukuvuvukala nokulimala kwesitho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okuholela ezimpawu zezimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kungeke kuqinisekise ukuxilongwa okuthile, kungasiza ukukhipha ezinye izifo ezizimele. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa lapho udokotela esola isifo esizimele njenge-lupus, rheumatoid arthritis noma i-scleroderma esekelwe ekubonakalisweni komtholampilo kwesiguli.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA ku-positive, igazi lingabuye lihlolwe ama-ANA athile aziwayo ukuthi ahlanganisa izifo ezithile. Lokhu kwengeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ukuze kutholakale imbangela yezimpawu.

Kudingeka Nini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-ANA?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kungase ku-odwe uma umuntu enezimpawu ezisikisela ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, njenge:

• Fever
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga noma ukuvuvukala
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukuphuza isikhumba
• Ukuqubuka kobuso okumise okwemvemvane (ku-lupus)

Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa Kwe-ANA?

Uma a udokotela iyala ukuhlolwa kwamasosha omzimba e-anuclear esigulini, okuwukuphela kwesibonelo esidingekayo isampula yegazi. Leli sampula livamise ukuqoqwa emthanjeni osengalweni yesiguli.

Ukudonsa igazi, okokuqala indawo yesikhumba phezu komthambo iyahlanzwa futhi ibulawe amagciwane ngokuphelele. Khona-ke ibhande eliqinile ligoqwa engalweni engenhla ukuze kubangele ukuthi imithambo engezansi ivuvuke. Lokhu kwenza imithambo ibonakale kakhudlwana futhi igqame ukuze i-phlebotomist ifake kalula inaliti exhunywe kumashubhu eqoqo emthanjeni.

Ukuqoqwa kwesampula yegazi langempela kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemi-5 ezimeni eziningi. Uma igazi elanele selikhishiwe kumashubhu, inaliti ikhishwa ngokushesha bese kucindezelwa i-swab kakotini endaweni ukuvimbela ukopha kakhulu noma imihuzuko. Isiguli singaqalisa kabusha imisebenzi evamile ngemva nje kokuqoqwa kwesampula.

Kamuva, amashubhu esampula yegazi alebulwe ngokufanelekile futhi ahanjiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ayiswe endaweni i-diagnostics laboratory. Lapha, ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe bahlaziya isampula ukuze bathole amazinga amasosha omzimba e-anuclear.

I-ANA Test Sebenzisa

Okunye okubalulekile okusetshenziswayo kokuxilonga nokuqapha kokuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuhlolwa uma izimpawu ziphakamisa ukugula okungatholakalanga kwe-autoimmune
• Ukwehlukanisa izifo ezizimele ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane
• Ukuqapha umsebenzi wesifo kanye nokuqubuka kweziguli ezine-autoimmune disorder eyaziwayo
• Ukuhlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa ezifweni ze-autoimmune
• Uku-oda ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwama-autoantibodies okusekelwe emiphumeleni emihle ye-ANA

Ngakho, lapho kuhunyushwa ngokucophelela ngokuhlotshaniswa nesethulo somtholampilo, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kunikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuxilonga mayelana nesimo somuntu sokuzivikela komzimba.

Inqubo Yokuhlola I-ANA

Indlela yaselabhorethri evame ukwenziwa kakhulu yokutholwa kwe-ANA ibizwa ngokuthi i-indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Izinyathelo zihlanganisa:

• I-serum yegazi lesiguli equkethe amasosha omzimba iyaqoqwa futhi ivunyelwe ukuthi isabele ngamasampula amaseli omuntu angashintshi kumaslayidi engilazi.
• Amaslayidi aqukethe nama-antigen enuzi ahlanzekile, aziwayo
• I-antibody yomuntu ephawulwe nge-fluorescent, enamathela kuma-ANA uma ikhona.
• Amaslayidi ayafukanyelwa, abese ewashwa ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya zikadayi ngokweqile
• Ekugcineni, zihlolwa ngesibonakhulu esikhethekile se-fluorescent esinokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet nezihlungi
• Ukuba khona kwamabala aluhlaza we-apula we-fluorescent yezinto zenuzi kubonisa ama-ANA amahle

Ngakho-ke, i-IFA ivumela ukubonwa okubucayi nokutholwa kwamasosha omzimba aqondiswe ezingxenyeni eziningi zenuzi.

Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwe-ANA

Iziguli azidingi ukulungiswa okuqondile kokuhlolwa kwe-antinuclear antibodies. Umuntu angaqhubeka nokudla okuvamile kanye nezinqubo zokuphuza uketshezi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.

Nokho, kuhle ukuthi uthintane ne umhlinzeki wezempilo mayelana nemithi yamanje kanye nezithasiselo. Imithi ethile kadokotela, amaphilisi athengwayo noma amakhambi angaba nomthelela ekunembeni kokuhlolwa.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Yokuhlolwa Kwe-ANA (Uma Iphansi Futhi Iphakeme Kunamazinga Ajwayelekile)?

Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA inikeza incazelo (enhle/embi), ukufundwa kwesihloko okubonisa inani lama-ANA, kanye nephethini ye-fluorescent eboniwe.

• Ukutolika:
  • Kubi - Awekho ama-ANA atholiwe. Izimbangela ze-autoimmune mancane amathuba okuba.
  • Okuhle - ama-ANA atholakele. Ingase ibonise isifo se-autoimmune, kodwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa.
• Ukufundwa kwesihloko: Ikala inani lama-ANA kusampula yegazi ngokuhlanjululwa kwe-serial. Iziqu eziphakeme zivame ukuhlobana nomsebenzi ophezulu wesifo.
• Iphethini ye-Fluorescent: Iphethini ebonwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu inikeza izinkomba mayelana nohlobo lwesifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Amaphethini ahlanganisa i-homogenous, amachashaza, ama-nucleolar, njll.

I-ANA enhle ayisho njalo isifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Abantu abaningi abanempilo enhle banama-ANA aphansi. Okunye izifo kanye nezidakamizwa kungabangela ama-ANA. Kanye nemiphumela ye-ANA, odokotela bayacabangela izimpawu, okutholwe ezivivinyweni neminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA ene-titer ephezulu kungase kubonise:

• Ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba ahlasela izicubu zomzimba
• Izinsolo eziphakeme ngesifo se-autoimmune
• Isidingo sokuhlolwa okwengeziwe

I-ANA engemihle yenza isifo sokuzivikela komzimba singenzeki, kodwa ayikukhiphi ngokuphelele lapho kukhona izinsolo eziqinile zomtholampilo. 

I-ANA enhle enetiter ephansi ingabonakala kokuthi:

•  Abantu abanempilo
•  Izifo ezithile
•  Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha izidakamizwa

Kulezi zimo, olunye ulwazi lomtholampilo luyacatshangelwa ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola elithola amasosha omzimba okungenzeka ahlasela izicubu zomzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-ANA kwenzeka nakubantu abanempilo kanye nezimo ezithile zezempilo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kufanele kuhunyushwe ngokucophelela kumongo wezimpawu zesiguli kanye nolunye ulwazi lomtholampilo. Ukuhlola okuningiliziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okunembile kwe-autoimmune ezigulini ezine-ANA ene-positive. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiliphi izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Ibanga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwe-ANA lingaphansi kuka-1:40. Kufika ku-20% wabantu abanempilo enhle bangaba nama-ANA abuthakathaka.

2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA ku-positive?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA ku-positive, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi akhona yini amasosha omzimba athile adala izifo ezithile. Ukuba khona kwezimpawu/izimo ezihlobene nakho kunikeza izinkomba zokuxilonga.

3. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kungenayo?

I-ANA engeyinhle yenza izifo zokuzivikela komzimba zingenzeki kodwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke uma izimpawu zikuphakamisa kakhulu. Ezinye izimo zokulingisa zibe sezihlolwa.

4. Uthini umugqa wesikhathi wokuthola imiphumela ye-ANA?

Inqubo yokudonsa igazi yangempela ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemi-5. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaziya ukuhlolwa elabhorethri kungase kudinge noma kuphi phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-1 kuya kweziyi-10 ukuze umbiko wokugcina ulunge.

5. Ingabe amazinga e-ANA aphakeme angaba nomthelela ezinhlungwini zamalunga?

Yebo, ubuhlungu obuhlangene kanye nokuvuvukala kungenzeka njengengxenye yesithombe somtholampilo ezimweni ze-autoimmune ezixhumene ne-ANA njenge-lupus nesifo samathambo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala okuhlangene nokuzivikela komzimba okusakazeka ezicutshini ezihlangene futhi kubangele umonakalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

6. Luthini uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-ANA ene-positive?

Indlela yokwelapha yesiguli esinokuhlolwa kwe-ANA okune-positive ihlanganisa ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo okusekelwe ekuguleni okusolisayo noma okuqinisekisiwe okuwumsuka wokuzivikela komzimba. Kudinga isiqondiso esiseduze se-rheumatologist ekhethekile.