I-AST, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-Aspartate Amino Transferase, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusekelwe ku-enzyme okusetshenziselwa ukunquma inani le-aspartate transferase kusampula yegazi elinikeziwe. Nakuba ingakalwa iyodwa, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST kuvame ukuba yingxenye yephaneli yokuhlola ebanzi, okuhlanganisa iphaneli yesibindi noma iphaneli ye-metabolic ebanzi. Masiqonde izici ezihlobene zalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST?

Okunye okubizwa ngokuthi i-SGOT (Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase), ukuhlolwa kwe-AST (Aspartate Amino transferase) kusiza ukuhlola. isibindi ukusebenza nokuqapha izifo zesibindi ezingamahlalakhona. 

I-Aspartate transferase iyi-enzyme etholakala esibindini nasesibindini inhliziyo. Le enzyme isiza iningi lezinqubo ezibalulekile zomzimba. Njengoba ikhona esibindini, i-enzyme ye-AST ingatholakala ezicutshini ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni. Le enzyme ikhishwa egazini uma kwenzeka umonakalo wamangqamuzana, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuphule izinga le-AST egazini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST kuphezulu, kungase kube inkomba yesimo sezempilo okufanele siphinde sibhekwe ngokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Amanani okuhlolwa kwegazi e-AST angase akhanyisele izimo noma izifo eziphathelene nesibindi nenhliziyo.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngenjongo yokuthola umonakalo wamaseli. Ezimweni eziningi, isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi. Kodwa-ke, inganikeza ukuqonda kwezinye izimo zezempilo ezahlukahlukene.

Ngokuya ngesizathu sokuncoma kukadokotela Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi kwe-AST, kungasetshenziswa ngenjongo yokuxilongwa, ukuhlola, noma ukuqapha izimo zempilo ezihlukahlukene. 

• Ukuhlola: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungase kumiselwe ukuhlola umuntu ngokumelene nezinto ezithile eziyingozi ezifana ukukhuluphala, sikashukela, ukuba nomlando womndeni wezinkinga zesibindi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kotshwala, njll. Kungamiselwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile futhi njengengxenye yephaneli ye-metabolic ephelele.
• Ukuxilongwa: Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST nakho kusetshenziswa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kokuxilonga okusekelwe kuzimpawu umuntu abhekana nazo. Endabeni yezifo zesibindi nezimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kungase kunikeze umbono wesimo ngokusekelwe kuzimpawu ezifana jaundice, ukuvuvukala, ukuvuvukala, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazwanga, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, njll.
• Ukuqapha: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-AST ukuze ugcine ithebhu yokuthi isimo sihamba kanjani kumuntu obhekiwe noma olashelwa isimo esithile sezempilo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kungase kuphindwe ukuze kulandelelwe futhi kuhlolwe impilo yesibindi noma ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST njengengxenye yephaneli yokuhlola isibindi kungasiza ekuboniseni izimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi uma umuntu kufanele aqale ngomuthi ongase ube yingozi esibindini.

Kudingeka nini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST kungase kube usizo ezigulini ezinezinhlobonhlobo zezimo zezokwelapha. Iphaneli yokuhlola isibindi kanye nephaneli ye-metabolic ebanzi ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-AST njengesimo esiphuthumayo noma ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokuxilonga ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kukhishwe izimo ezihlobene nezimpawu ezingase zidale izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zempilo. Endabeni yesifo sesibindi, iphaneli yokuhlola isibindi ingase ibe yinzuzo kodokotela ukuze bafunde ngembangela nobukhulu besimo esigulini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli ezazazi izinto eziyingozi noma ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nezifo noma izimo ezingase zilimaze isibindi zingahlomula ekuhlolweni okuvamile kokuhlolwa kwe-AST ukuze kuqashwe noma yikuphi ukulimala kwamangqamuzana. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kunconywe kulabo abangase bangabi nazo izici eziyingozi zezifo zesibindi. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kwe-AST ukuze kuqashwe isimo esithile sezempilo noma lapho umuntu eqala imithi emisha.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-AST Blood Test 

Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kusetshenziselwa ukuphenya isizathu sezifo ezihlukahlukene zesibindi nokulinganisa ukuqina kanye nokubikezelwa kwesifo sesibindi noma ukwehluleka. Inqubo yokuhlola ye-AST ikhomba ukuphakama kumazinga e-enzyme ye-AST, okuboniswa embikweni wokuhlola we-AST. 

Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kungasetshenziselwa ukuthola izifo ezihlobene nesibindi njenge:

• Ukutheleleka noma i-viral hepatitis
• Isibindi esinamafutha 
• Ithumba esibindini
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwesibindi
• Ukuqina kwesibindi 
• Ukuwohloka kokujikeleza kwesibindi
• Isifo sesibindi sokuphela
• Umdlavuza wesibindi

Ezinye izifo ezingatholakala futhi ziqashwe ngosizo lokuhlolwa kwe-AST zihlanganisa ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe, okwaziwa nge-pancreatitis, kanye nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo.

Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST?

Ngaphambi kokuthi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST, udokotela angase atuse ukuzila ukudla isikhathi esithile njengoba ukuhlola kuhilela ukusebenza kwama-enzyme nezinye izinhlanganisela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiguli akufanele sidle ukudla noma iziphuzo isikhathi esithile (imvamisa kufika emahoreni ayi-12) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Iziyalezo ezengeziwe zinganikezwa udokotela othintekayo ngokusekelwe esizathwini sokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngaso.

Kwezinye izimo, izithasiselo ezithile noma imithi ingase ibe nomthelela kulawa ma-enzyme, futhi ukuthathwa kwemikhiqizo enjalo kungase kuvinjelwe isikhathi esithile ngudokotela. Uma kwenzeka kulinganiswa i-AST kuphela, isiguli singase singadingi ukuzila ukudla. Nokho, iziguli kufanele zilandele iziqondiso eziqondile ezinikezwa udokotela wazo okhathazekile.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST?

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST, isampula yegazi elithathwe esigulini liyahlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe inani le-enzyme ye-AST ekhona kusampula yegazi. Lokhu kungaqhathaniswa namazinga okubhekisela futhi kuhunyushwe ngokufanele ukuze kutholwe isimo sesimo esithile sezempilo.

Inqubo Yokuhlola Igazi Le-AST

Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kuhilela ukudweba isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni. Ingenziwa ekhaya noma ehhovisi likadokotela yi-phlebotomist. Isiguli singase selulekwe ukuba sihlale sikhululekile kuyilapho ibhande elinwebekayo lifakwa engalweni engenhla ukuze kube nokugeleza okukhulu kwegazi engxenyeni engezansi yengalo. Indawo yengalo lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi ingase ihlanzwe nge-antiseptic liquid wipe. Ngokulandelayo, i-phlebotomist yasebenzisa isirinji ukudonsa igazi ebhodleleni ukuze lihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo elabhorethri.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST (uma iphansi futhi ingaphezulu kwamazinga avamile)?

Ngemva kokubuya kwemibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-AST, udokotela angase asize ekutolikeleni iziguli futhi aqonde amanani e-AST Blood Test. Amazinga e-AST Blood Test angase ahluke ezigulini ezihlukene ngokuya ngeminyaka yazo nobulili. Amaleveli e-AST amanani avamile angase ahluke kulabhorethri eyodwa kuya kwenye, angase anikeze ububanzi bereferensi obuhlukile. Imibiko yokuhlolwa ingase ihunyushwe ngokufanele.

I-AST Blood Test ikalwa ngamayunithi ilitha ngalinye. Ukuze uthole ireferensi, nanka ububanzi obujwayelekile bokuhlolwa kwe-AST egazini kweminyaka yobudala nobulili obuhlukile. 

• Abesilisa: 17–59 U/L
• Abesifazane: 14–36 U/L
• Abadala: Amanani aphezulu kancane ebulilini obufanele

Amanani e-AST Blood Test angase abe phezulu kunokuvamile. Amazinga ahlukene okuphakama kumazinga e-AST angasho izinto ezihlukile.

• Iphakeme kancane kunokujwayelekile: Ukwenyuka okuhamba kancane kodwa okuqhubekayo kumazinga e-AST kungase kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kunokwenyuka okukodwa kwamazinga e-AST. Kungase kubangelwe ngenxa yotshwala obungapheli, kodwa ukuxilongwa okuthile kungase kudingeke.
• Iphakeme ngokumaphakathi: Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-AST Blood Test iphezulu, kungase kusho futhi kusize odokotela ukuxilonga lezi zimo ezilandelayo:
• I-Cholestasis - isimo sokuncipha kokugeleza kwe-bile kusuka esibindini
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwemisipha
• I-muscular dystrophy noma ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo kwemisipha 
• Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• Embolism yamaphaphu
• Kuphezulu kakhulu: Uma odokotela bethola izinga le-AST Blood Test liphezulu, kungase kusho ukuthi inani le-AST elitholakala egazini licishe liphindwe kashumi kunamanani avamile. Lokhu kungasiza odokotela bakhombe izimo ezifana nalezi:
  • I-acute viral hepatitis noma ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwesibindi 
  • I-cirrhosis yesibindi, okuyizibazi ezingenakulungiseka noma i-fibrosis yesibindi
  • Ukudakwa kwesibindi
  • Ukuhluleka kwesibindi sokuphela
  • I-necrosis yesimila 

Kunezinto eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe ngenkathi kuchazwa amanani wokuhlola we-AST. Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kungase kunconywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kuqinisekiswe isimo esisolisayo. I-enzyme ye-ALT ingase ilinganiswe eceleni kwe-enzyme ye-AST ukuze kuhlolwe ukuxilongwa okuqondile kanye nokuthola isithombe esicacile sesimo esihlosiwe okufanele sitholwe.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwe-AST ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubalulekile okutuswa ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngezinkinga ezithile zesibindi. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-AST ingase ihunyushwe iyodwa kodwa ithathwe njengengxenye yephaneli yokuhlola kaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukutholakala kwesimo esithile esisolisayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

Q1. Liyini izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST?

Izinga elivamile Lokuhlolwa Kwegazi Le-AST lingahluka kumuntu nomuntu kuye ngeminyaka nobulili kodwa lingase libe phakathi kwamayunithi ayi-14 kuya kwangu-60/ilitha legazi.

Q2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-AST kukhombisa ukuthi unayo?

Izinga eliphezulu kunelivamile le-AST kumasampula egazi lingabonisa isimo sezempilo esicashile noma isifo esidinga uphenyo olwengeziwe.

Q3. Kwenzekani uma i-AST Blood Test ingenayo?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-AST kungenayo, ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokujwayelekile. Nokho, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kukhishwe ezinye izizathu ezingenzeka zezimpawu umuntu abhekana nazo.

Q4. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-ALT ne-AST ekuhlolweni kwegazi?

I-ALT noma i-Alanine Amino Transferase ingenye i-enzyme ekhona esibindini eduze kwe-AST, ene-concentration ephakeme kune-AST futhi ivame ukubhekwa njengekalwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nokuxilonga izimo nezifo ezihlukahlukene zesibindi.

Q5. Iliphi izinga le-AST elethusayo?

Amazinga e-AST angaphezu kokuphindwe kashumi kunamanani avamile angase abe izimpawu zokulimala kwesibindi noma ukusha kwesibindi.