Ukuhlolwa kwe-"Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)" ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezokwelapha okuvamile okuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso ngokukala inani le-urea nitrogen ekhona egazini lesiguli. I-nitrogen, ewuhlobo lwe-ammonia, ikhiqizwa esibindini futhi iphulwa ngamaseli omzimba. I-nitrogen esele, ngemva kokusetshenziswa amangqamuzana omzimba, ihlangana nezinye izakhi ezifana nekhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, ne-hydrogen, bese iba yimikhiqizo kadoti yamakhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi “urea”. Le urea idlula egazini iye ezinso, lapho ihlungwa khona bese ikhishwa emzimbeni ngomchamo. Amazinga angavamile we-urea angase abonise ukuthi izinso azisebenzi kahle futhi zidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. 

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-urea nitrogen, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuxilonga okunganikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo ekusebenzeni kwezinso. Ifinyelela lokhu ngokulinganisa inani le-urea nitrogen kusampula yegazi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinso ukuhlunga nokukhipha udoti emzimbeni. Lapho umuntu eba nesifo sezinso, udoti ungase ungahlungiwe ngendlela efanele, okuholela ekunqwabeleni kwalezi zinto egazini. Lokhu kwakha kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo, ezifana ne-anemia, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye izifo zenhliziyo.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-urea yegazi kusho noma kukhombisa amazinga aphezulu e-urea, kungabonisa ukuthi izinso azisebenzi kahle. Abantu abanesifo sezinso bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kwezinso kungasiza ekuboneni noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingase ziholele ezinkingeni zempilo phansi komugqa.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa

Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kungase kunconywe udokotela noma umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze kuxilongwe noma kukhishwe izimo ezithile, noma kuqashwe izimo ezingelapheki ezifana nalezi:

• Isifo sezinso noma ukulimala
• Izimo ezingalapheki njengesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ukulimala kwesibindi
• Ukuvinjwa kwendlela yomchamo
• Ukusuka kwamathumbu
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukulahla

Nakuba ezinye zalezi zimo zingase zingaxilongwa ngokusekelwe kuphela ekuhlolweni kwe-urea yegazi, imiphumela yalokhu kuhlolwa ingase icatshangelwe kanye nezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga ukuze kutholakale izimo zempilo nezifo ezithile. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kungasiza ekunqumeni ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwe-dialysis lapho isiguli sidlula i-peritoneal dialysis noma i-hemodialysis.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-BUN

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa izinga le-nitrogen egazini eliphuma ku-urea. I-Urea iwudoti okhiqizwa esibindini ngesikhathi sokuwohloka kwamaprotheni, futhi ikhishwa yizinso. Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kuvamise ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yezokwelapha ngezinjongo ezihlukahlukene. Nazi ezinye zezinsiza zayo eziyinhloko:

• Ukuhlola Umsebenzi Wezinso: Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yephaneli yokuhlola ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso. Amazinga e-BUN aphakeme angase abonise ukukhubazeka kwezinso, njengoba izinso zinesibopho sokuhlunga nokukhipha i-urea egazini. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba i-BUN iwumaka wokusebenza kwezinso, ayicacile, futhi ezinye izici zingathonya amazinga e-BUN.
• Ukuqapha Ukuphelelwa Umzimba: Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungaholela ekwandeni kwamazinga e-BUN. Uma kunoketshezi okwanele emzimbeni, ukugcwala kwe-urea egazini kungase kukhuphuke. Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kungasetshenziswa njengenkomba yesimo se-hydration.
• Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi Wesibindi: Nakuba i-BUN ngokuyinhloko ibonisa ukusebenza kwezinso, ingase futhi ithonywe ukusebenza kwesibindi. Izifo ezithile zesibindi noma izimo ezithinta i-protein metabolism esibindini zingase zibe nomthelela emazingeni e-BUN.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokudla Kwamaprotheni: Izinga le-BUN lingathinteka inani lamaprotheni ekudleni. Ukudla amaprotheni amaningi noma ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu e-BUN.
• Ukuqapha Izimo Ezithile Zezokwelapha: Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kuyingxenye yomsebenzi wegazi ovamile futhi kungase kuqashwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kuhlolwe izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwezinso noma impilo yonke. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izivivinyo, ezifana ne-creatinine, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokusebenza kwezinso.
• Ukuhlola Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kungase kufakwe ekuhloleni kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yonke kanye nokusebenza kwezinso ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.

Isivivinyo sikala ini?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kungase kwenziwe njengengxenye yochungechunge lokuhlola olwaziwa ngokuthi 'iphaneli ye-metabolic ebanzi (CMP),' engasiza ekuxilongeni noma ekuqapheni izifo noma ukuphazamiseka kwezinso. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-urea nitrogen kukala inani le-urea nitrogen egazini.

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-urea yegazi kungase kunconywe umhlinzeki wezempilo noma udokotela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile noma uma besola ukuthi isiguli sibonisa izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso noma sisengozini yezifo zezinso. Abantu bangase babe sengozini yokuthola izifo zezinso uma bene:

• Umlando womndeni wezifo zezinso
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Diabetes
• Izifo zenhliziyo

Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kungenziwa uma isiguli sibonisa izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso zesigaba sakamuva, njenge:

• Ukufisa ukuchama kaningi kunokuvamile
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni
• Itching
• Ama-cramp muscle

Indlela yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa?

Iziyalezo zinganikezwa ngu-a umhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-urea yegazi. Ngokuvamile, uma kuphela ukuhlolwa kwe-urea yegazi kwenziwa, kungase kungabi khona isidingo sokuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula yegazi. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuhlelwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-urea yegazi, umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase atuse ukuzila ukudla isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlola?

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-BUN, i-phlebotomist ingase iqoqe igazi esigulini ngokufaka inaliti emithanjeni bese idonsa igazi ebhodleleni. Le nqubo ngokuvamile ithatha cishe imizuzu emihlanu. Isampula eliqoqiwe libe selithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe.

I-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Imiphumela Yokuhlolwa

Ukuchazwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-urea nitrogen yegazi kwenziwa kangcono ngudokotela. Ibanga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwe-BUN lingahluka kuye ngokuthi ilabhorethri lapho isampula lihlolwa khona. Umbiko walebhu ngokuvamile uhlinzeka ngebanga lereferensi lokuhlolwa kwe-BUN, lapho kuchazwa khona imiphumela yokuhlolwa yesiguli. Nakuba imiphumela engavamile ngaphandle kobubanzi bereferensi ingase ingabi njalo bonisa isifo sezinso, basengabonisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinso ekukhipheni udoti egazini. Ububanzi bamazinga e-urea nitrogen yegazi bunikezwe ngezansi ukuze kubhekwe kuwo.

Amazinga e-nitrogen e-urea yegazi ngokuvamile akhuphuka ngokukhula, kuyilapho izinsana zivame ukuba namazinga e-urea egazi aphansi kunokuvamile. Amazinga aphakeme we-urea encazelweni yokuhlolwa kwe-BUN angabalelwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Ukudla okuphezulu kwamaprotheni
• Imithi ethile
• Ukusha kanzima
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo okugayiwe noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwakamuva
• Ukusuka kwamathumbu

Ngokuphambene, amazinga e-urea nitrogen aphansi ngokungavamile ekuhlolweni kwegazi kwe-BUN angase abonise izimo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungondleki
• Ukudla amaprotheni angenele
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni
• Izifo zesibindi ezithuthukisiwe, kufaka phakathi i-cirrhosis yesibindi nokwehluleka kwesibindi

Imbangela yamazinga e-urea yegazi aphakeme noma anciphile inqunywa kangcono udokotela ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokuhlola izimpawu.

Yini engase ibe nomthelela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa?

Amazinga e-nitrogen e-urea yegazi angase anyuke ngisho noma izinso zesiguli zisebenza kahle, ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zici zingabandakanya:

• Ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Shisa ukulimala
• Ukuguga

Yingakho kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezinso ukuze kuqhathaniswe nobubanzi obuvamile. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso samazinga e-urea nitrogen egazini kumazinga e-creatinine sinikeza isilinganiso esithembeke kakhulu sokunquma impilo yezinso.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusetshenziselwa ukukala amazinga e-urea nitrogen egazini, okuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ngokusebenza kwezinso. Amazinga aphansi noma aphansi okuhlolwa kwegazi kunokuvamile angase abonise izifo zezinso noma ukuphazamiseka, kodwa kungase kungabi imbangela yokukhathazeka ezimweni eziningi. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwe-BUN nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezinso zokuxilonga, odokotela bangakwazi ukuxilonga futhi belaphe izimo zempilo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nezinso noma ezinye izitho ezihambisana nazo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukuzila ukudla kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe i-BUN?

Izimpendulo. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-BUN kwenziwa yedwa, ukuzila ukudla kungase kungadingeki. 

2. Ingabe izinga eliphezulu le-BUN liyelapheka?

Izimpendulo. Kuye ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa, udokotela owelaphayo angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga izifo zezinso. I-hydration efanele ingase isebenze ekwelapheni amazinga aphezulu e-BUN. Udokotela angase atuse izinguquko ezithile zokuphila noma imithi yokwelapha amazinga e-BUN akhuphuke kancane.

Izikhombo:
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/bun-blood-urea-nitrogen/#:~:text=Urea%20nitrogen%20is%20a%20waste,treatment%20can%20be%20 more%20 effective.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/blood-urea-nitrogen/about/pac-20384821