Ukubuka kwe-X-ray PA esifubeni kusewukuhlolwa okuvame ukusetshenziswa kwe-radiological eminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo emhlabeni jikelele. Leli thuluzi lokuxilonga lidala izithombe ngokushesha nangaphandle kobuhlungu ngokuqondisa umsebe wemisebe ogxilile esifubeni ukuze uthwebule izithombe zenhliziyo, amaphaphu, nezakhiwo eziseduze.

Odokotela babheka i-Posteroanterior (PA) babuka "izinga legolide" lokuthwebula isifuba ngoba lisiza ukuxilonga izimo ezahlukahlukene ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona emgodini wesifuba. Ukubuka kwe-PA kukhiqiza izithombe zekhwalithi engcono kunozakwabo, ukubuka kwe-Anteroposterior (AP), futhi kukhombisa usayizi wenhliziyo ngokunembe kakhudlwana. 

Ezinye iziguli azikwazi ukuthola i-PA, kodwa ukwazi izizathu zalokhu kubuka okuqondile kuzisiza ukuba zizilungiselele kangcono. Imithi yesimanje incike kuma-X-reyi esifuba njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga lokuqala, futhi imiphumela itholakala osukwini olulodwa kuya kwezimbili.

Iyini i-Chest X-ray PA (Posteroanterior)?

Ukubuka kwe-x-ray PA esifubeni kuyindlela ethize ye-radiographic lapho ama-x-reyi ehamba esuka emhlane wakho (ngemuva) eya ngaphambili kwakho (ngaphambili). Lokhu kuhlola kwesithombe okulula kusebenzisa amaza kagesi ukuze kwakhe izithombe zamaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, amathambo, nezicubu ezithambile kuthorax.

Odokotela babiza i-PA projection ngokuthi "izinga legolide" lokuthwebula isifuba. Ume ubheke umtshina kuyilapho ama-X-ray edlula ngemuva. Le engeli inika odokotela ukubheka okucacile kwamaphaphu akho, inhliziyo, nezimbambo.

Ukubuka kwe-PA kuyahluka ekubukeni kwe-AP (anteroposterior) ngendlela inhliziyo yakho ebonakala ngayo esithombeni. Ukuma kwenhliziyo yakho phambi kwesifuba sakho kusho ukubuka kwe-PA kunciphisa ukukhuliswa kwenhliziyo futhi kubonise ubukhulu bayo bangempela. Ukubuka kwe-PA kuphinde kubonise izakhiwo ze-mediastinal ngobukhulu bazo bangempela, ngokungafani nokuqagela kwe-AP lapho zingabukeka zizikhudlwana.

Kufanele Uthole Nini I-X-ray PA Yesifuba?

Udokotela wakho angase ancome i-X-ray PA yesifuba uma une:

• A ukhwehlela lokho kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuqina esifubeni sakho
• Ukuphefumula kanzima noma isifuba
• Imfiva enezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuqapha amacala aziwayo we sofuba, inyumoniya, noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo

Kungani Ngidinga I-X-ray PA Yesifuba?

Odokotela bathembele ekubukeni kwe-X-ray PA yesifuba ukuze bathole ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezimo zesifuba. Ukuhlolwa kuyabasiza:

• Bheka izifo ezifana nenyumoniya nesifo sofuba
• Bheka ukuhlukumezeka okuhlanganisa izimbambo eziphukile kanye namaphaphu awile
• Landelela izimo ezingalapheki ezifana COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo
• Sula iziguli ezizohlinzwa nge i-anesthesia jikelele

Ukuqagela kwe-PA kusiza odokotela babone igesi yamahhala esiswini kangcono kunamanye ama-x-ray angenalutho lapho iziguli zinezinhlungu ezibuhlungu zesisu. Baphinde bayisebenzise ukuze bahlole ukuthi imishini yezokwelapha iyathanda yini abenzi benhliziyo, ama-catheter, namashubhu okuphakelayo asendaweni efanele.

Inqubo ye-Chest X-ray PA

Yonke inqubo ithatha cishe imizuzu eyi-15. Nakhu ongakulindela:

• Uzongena bese ushintsha ugqoke ingubo yasesibhedlela ngemva kokukhipha ubucwebe nezinto zensimbi.
• I-radiographer izokucela ukuthi ume ubhekise isifuba sakho kumtshina, izandla ezinqulwini zakho.
• Uzohambisa amahlombe akho phambili ukuze ugcine amahlombe akho kude namaphaphu akho.
• Isithombe sithatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwesekhondi - vele udonse umoya futhi usibambe.
• Ungase udinge ukubuka eceleni ukuze uqedele ukuhlolwa.

Ukuma unganyakazi kubalulekile ngoba noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kungafiphalisa isithombe.

Ungayilungiselela kanjani i-X-ray ye-Chest PA?

Ukulungela i-X-ray PA yesifuba kulula. Awudingi ukuzila ukudla noma ukulandela noma yikuphi ukudla okukhethekile. Khumbula nje ukuthi:

• Khumula ubucwebe, izibuko, nezinto zensimbi ngaphezu kokhalo lwakho
• Tshela i-radiographer uma ukhulelwe noma kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulelwe
• Lungiselela ukubamba umoya wakho kafushane phakathi nokuhlolwa

Yazisa uchwepheshe uma unanoma imaphi amadivaysi afakiwe afana nezihlinzeki zenhliziyo noma amavalvu enhliziyo okwenziwa.

Amanani Emiphumela Yokuhlola I-X-ray Yesifuba Esivamile

Ukubuka kwe-X-ray PA esifubeni okuvamile kubonisa:

• Izinkambu ezicacile, ezimnyama zamaphaphu
• Inhliziyo engusayizi olungile (isilinganiso se-cardiothoracic ≤0.5)
• Ama-engeli acijile lapho amaphaphu akho ehlangana ne-diaphragm yakho
• I-diaphragm yakho isendaweni efanele (uhlangothi lwesokudla ngo-1-2 cm ngaphezu kwesobunxele)
• Amathambo abushelelezi ngaphandle kokuphuka

Isithombe kufanele sithwebule wonke amaphaphu akho ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi ngezithunzi ezincane zamahlombe.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile

Okutholakele okungajwayelekile kungabonisa:

• Izibazi eziguqubele emaphashini akho zingasho inyumoniya
• Inhliziyo ekhulisiwe (CTR>0.5)
• Uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu akho olufiphaza ama-engeli
• I-diaphragm eyisicaba ephakamisa i-COPD
• Izithunzi ezimhlophe ezingajwayelekile ezingase zibonise izimila

Udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okufana ne-CT noma i-PET scans uma ebona noma yini engajwayelekile. 

Isiphetho

Ukubuka kwe-X-ray PA yesifuba kuwumgogodla wemithi yesimanje yokuxilonga. Le nqubo esheshayo yemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu inikeza odokotela umbono ocacile emgodini wesifuba ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuhlasela. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, odokotela bakhetha i-posteroanterior projection ngoba ibonisa usayizi wenhliziyo ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi inikeza izithombe ezicacile zezinkambu zamaphaphu.

Lesi sivivinyo sikhanya ngobulula baso. Awudingi ukuzila ukudla noma ukwenza amalungiselelo akhethekile - vele ukhiphe izinto zensimbi futhi ulalele i-radiographer yakho. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela isiza odokotela ukuthi bahlole izimo ezisuka kunyumoniya kuya ekuhlulekeni kwenhliziyo futhi isize ukuthola igesi yamahhala ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zesisu.

Ama-CT scan nama-MRIs manje anikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eyengeziwe, kodwa i-X-ray yesifuba eyisisekelo ihlala iyisinyathelo sokuqala ezindleleni eziningi zokuxilonga. Amaqembu ezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke asebenzisa leli thuluzi eliyisisekelo nsuku zonke. Ezinye izimo zesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi zingase zingabonisi ku-X-ray, kodwa lokhu kuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi oluyisisekelo oludingwa udokotela wakho.

Udokotela wakho angase ancome lokhu kuhlolwa, futhi ungakwazi ukungena ku-radiology wazi kahle ukuthi yini ongayilindela nokuthi kungani lo mbono ubalulekile. Leyo mizuzwana embalwa oyichithayo ubambe umoya isiza kakhulu ekudaleni izithombe ezicacile eziqondisa uhambo lwakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo luye phambili.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini imiphumela evamile ye-Chest X-ray PA?

Ukubuka okujwayelekile kwe-X-ray PA esifubeni kubonisa lezi zici:

• Izindawo ezimnyama ezimelela izinkambu zamaphaphu ezicacile
• Usayizi wenhliziyo yakho uthatha ngaphansi kwengxenye yobubanzi besifuba (i-cardiothoracic ratio ≤0.5)
• Ama-engeli e-costophrenic acijile lapho i-diaphragm yakho ihlangana nodonga lwesifuba
• I-diaphragm yesokudla ihlala ngo-2-3 cm ngaphezu kwesobunxele
• Izakhiwo zamathambo zibonakala ngokucacile ngaphandle kwezithunzi ezingavamile

Isithombe kufanele sibonise izindawo zamaphaphu akho ngokuphelele ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi. 

2. Isetshenziselwani i-PA X-ray?

I-PA chest X-rays isiza odokotela:

• Thola izifo zamaphaphu njengenyumoniya nesifo sofuba
• Hlola usayizi wenhliziyo yakho nesimo
• Spot ukuphuka ezimbanjeni noma emathanjeni esifuba
• Thola izimila noma ubuningi obungavamile
• Hlola izimo ezifana i-emphysema
• Thola igesi ye-intraperitoneal yamahhala uma unezinhlungu zesisu
• Qinisekisa ukubekwa kwemishini yezokwelapha efana nama-pacemaker noma ama-catheter

Odokotela basebenzisa lokhu njengokuhlola kwabo kokuqala kwezithombe lapho iziguli zinezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okungapheli, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma imfiva.

3. Ingabe i-X-ray PA yesifuba iphephile?

Yebo, i-X-ray yesifuba isebenzisa imisebe emincane. Izinzuzo ozithola ekuxilongweni kusenesikhathi azisondelene nezingozi ezincane ezihilelekile. Amaqembu ezempilo ahlala:

• Gcina imithamo yemisebe iphansi ngangokunokwenzeka
• Vikela izindawo ezibucayi
• Nakekela ngokukhethekile izingane kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe
• Landela izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile

I-World Health Organization iyakuqinisekisa ukuthi i-X-ray yesifuba iphephile kubantu abaningi.

4. Ukubuka kwe-X-ray PA esifubeni kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Lonke lolu sizi lwenzeka ngokushesha. Uzochitha cishe imizuzu engu-15 kusukela ekungeneni ukuze uthole umbiko wakho. I-X-ray ngokwayo ithatha umzuzwana nje - isikhathi esanele sokubamba umoya wakho. Ungathola imiphumela phakathi nemizuzu engama-30 ngokuphrinta noma nge-imeyili. Udokotela wakho uzowabuyekeza ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2.