I-Chikungunya yisifo segciwane esithwalwa umiyane i-Aedes, esisakazwa ngokulunywa omiyane noma ukufakelwa kwezitho zomzimba. Kungase futhi kube nokudluliselwa kokuzalwa kwegciwane le-chikungunya. Ukutheleleka kweChikungunya kubonakala ngokuqala ngokuzumayo kwemfiva ephezulu, ubuhlungu obukhulu emalungeni, nokukhathala. Ukuxilongwa kwe-chikungunya virus fever kungafinyelelwa ngokuhlolwa kokuxilonga kwe-serological chikungunya kusetshenziswa isampula yegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegciwane le-chikungunya kungasiza ukuthola nokuvimbela ukudluliswa kwalo.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweChikungunya?

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kwe-chikungunya ukuhlolwa okulula kwe-serological okwenziwa ukuxilonga noma ukukhipha ukutheleleka kwe-chikungunya kumuntu obonisa izimpawu ezifana nalezo zokutheleleka kwe-chikungunya, njengemfiva. Ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya fever kuthola ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba e-IgG ne-IgM kusampula yegazi, okungenzeka ukuthi akhiqizwa ukuphendula ukutheleleka kwe-chikungunya okuqhubekayo noma okwedlule. Ukuba khona kwalawa ma-antibody kusampula yegazi lesiguli kungasiza odokotela ekuhlonzeni ukutheleleka kwamanje ngegciwane le-chikungunya.

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Chikungunya?

Ukuhlolwa kokuxilongwa kwe-chikungunya kungase kunconywe udokotela ohlonza izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-chikungunya ngesikhathi sokugula ukuxilongwa kwesiguli. Izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane leChikungunya zivame ukuvela cishe isonto ngemuva kokutheleleka. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokutheleleka ngegciwane le-chikungunya zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane omkhulu ongazelelwe
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha isikhathi eside
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emalungeni kanye nokuvuvukala emalungeni

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kweChikungunya

Ukuhlolwa kwegciwane le-chikungunya kudinga isampula yegazi kumuntu onaleli gciwane, elibuye lihlolwe kusetshenziswa i-semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test). I-phlebotomist yenza inqubo yokudonsa igazi, ithatha igazi emthanjeni osengalweni futhi iliqoqe isebenzisa inaliti eyinyumba.

Ukusetshenziswa kweChikungunya Test

Udokotela uncoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-chikungunya ukuze kuhlonzwe i-chikungunya fever ezigulini. Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa i-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ukuthola ubukhona bamasosha omzimba e-IgG ne-IgM kusampula yegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokuxilonga ngokushesha i-chikungunya kungasiza ekuhlonzeni nasekunciphiseni ukusakazeka kwaleli gciwane.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kweChikungunya?

Awekho amalungiselelo noma ukuzila ukudla okudingekayo ekuhlolweni kwe-chikungunya fever. Nokho, odokotela bangase batuse ukuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha ezingase zithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zingabandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:

• Gwema ukubhema okungenani amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokuba igazi liqoqwe.
• Ukungadli amahora ama-2 ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe igazi.
• Ukugwema imithi ethile noma izithasiselo.
• Ukuhlala ungenawo amanzi.

Chikungunya Test Results

Ukuhlolwa kweChikungunya kuvame ukwenziwa zingakapheli izinsuku eziyisi-6 kuqale ukugula. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-IgG ne-IgM yokuhlolwa kweChikungunya inikezwe ngezansi ukuze isetshenziswe.

Ingabe bukhona ubungozi obuhambisana nokuhlolwa?

Inqubo yokuhlola i-chikungunya iwukuhlola okulula kwe-serological okungavamisile ukudala izinkinga noma imiphumela engemihle yezempilo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ithuba elincane lezingozi ezithile, njenge:

• Ukulimala kwesikhumba endaweni okukhishwe kuyo igazi
• Ukuquleka noma isiyezi

Isiphetho

Ukutheleleka kwe-Chikungunya kuthathelwana kalula futhi kungaba ubhubhane oluthathelwanayo ngokushesha. Ukuhlolwa ngokushesha kanye nokuhlolwa kwegciwane le-chikungunya kungasiza ukulawula ukusabalala kwayo kwendawo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-IgG ne-IgM antibody kungakhomba igciwane le-chikungunya kusampula yegazi elivela kumuntu onaleli gciwane.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

1. Ubani okufanele athole ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya?

Abantu abahlala ezifundeni ezinokuqubuka kwe-chikungunya okubhalwe phansi abakhombisa izimpawu zokutheleleka bangase belulekwe ukuthi benze inqubo yokuhlola i-chikungunya. Abantu abasanda kuhambela izindawo ezinezifo ezaziwayo ze-chikungunya bangadinga nokuhlolwa ukutheleleka ngegciwane.

2. Yiziphi izimpawu ze-chikungunya?

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kweChikungunya zivame ukubonakala ezinsukwini ezi-3-7 ngemuva kokulunywa umiyane onaleli gciwane. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokutheleleka kwe-chikungunya virus zifaka:

• Umkhuhlane, isicanucanu, nokukhathala
• ubuhlungu Joint
• bekhanda
• Ukuphuza isikhumba
• Izinkinga zamehlo 

3. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-chikungunya ku-positive?

Umphumela wokuhlola we-chikungunya omuhle ungase ubonise ukutheleleka kwamanje noma okwedlule ngegciwane. Uma izimpawu ezisebenzayo zokutheleleka kwe-chikungunya zikhona, udokotela angase ancome ukwelashwa okufanele.

4. Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela i-chikungunya?

Okwamanje, awukho umuthi wokugomela i-chikungunya virus e-India.

5. I-chikungunya ingavinjelwa kanjani?

Njengoba ingekho imigomo etholakalayo yegciwane le-chikungunya, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka. Lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha zingabandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukuhlala kude nezindawo ezinamanzi amile.
• Ukugcina indawo ezungezile ihlanzekile futhi yomile.
• Ukusebenzisa umuthi oxosha omiyane namanethi omiyane lapho ulele ebusuku.
• Ukugqoka izingubo ezivala umzimba wonke.
• Ukugwema ukuya ezindaweni ezinokuqubuka kwe-chikungunya. 

6. Siyini isikhathi sokufukamela se-chikungunya?

Isikhathi sokufukamela sokutheleleka ngegciwane le-chikungunya ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7 ngemva kokudluliselwa.